Heteroptera: True Bugs 7 infraorders 85 families 40,000 described species.
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Transcript of Heteroptera: True Bugs 7 infraorders 85 families 40,000 described species.
Heteroptera: True BugsHeteroptera: True Bugs
•7 infraorders
•85 families
•40,000 described species
Miridae: Plant BugsMiridae: Plant Bugs
• 1,300 valid genera
• 10,000 valid species
• mostly phytophagous and host specific
PBI Target Taxa:PBI Target Taxa:Orthotylinae & PhylinaeOrthotylinae & Phylinae
•486 described genera
•90 new genera
•3905 described species
•1200 new species
Monophyletic; worldwide
Exemplar Orthotylinae & Exemplar Orthotylinae & PhylinaePhylinae
Species Accumulation CurvesSpecies Accumulation Curves
Plant Bug PBIPlant Bug PBIIndividual ParticipantsIndividual Participants
•4 senior scientists
•4 postdoctoral trainees
•2 doctoral trainees
•2 research assistants
•3 undergraduate trainees
• IT support staff
PBI Database GoalsPBI Database Goals
• 650,000 total specimens
• 100,000 specimens from 15 PBI-supported field trips
• 3500 host plant specimens
Acquisition of CollectionsAcquisition of CollectionsTable 1. PRINCIPLE WORLD COLLECTIONS OF ORTHOTYLINAE AND PHYLINAECollection Geographic Coverage No.
specimensNo. Studied
No. databased
American Museum of Natural History World (significant Australian holdings) 150,000 75,000 37,500Australian Museum, Sydney Australia* 58,000 3,000 35,000Bishop Museum, Honolulu Tropical Asia, Pacific Islands 15,000 10,000 7,500California Academy of Sciences World (important Nearctic holdings) 15,000 12,000 5,000Canadian National Collection Nearctic including Mexico 50,000 37,500 25,000Hamburg University Palearctic (important for reference) 6,000 5,700 0Linnavuori Collection, Turku, Finland Middle East, Africa 40,000 36,000 0Museu Nacional, Rio de Janeiro mostly Neotropical (many types) 2,000 1,980 0Museum d'Histoire Naturelle, Geneva Palearctic (no figures available)Museum d'Histoire Naturelle, Paris Europe, Africa, Madagascar 10,000 6,500 0Museum Zoology, LIPI, Bogor Tropical Asia 2,000 0 0Nankai University Insect Collection China 5,000 3,000 0Natuurhistorisch Museum, Leiden Tropical Asia (no figures available)Natural History Museum, London World (historical; many types) 10,000 9,500 0Plant Protection Res. Inst., Pretoria South Africa 3,000 1,500 0Royal Central African Museum Central Africa 2,000 1,000 0Smithsonian Institution World (most Nearctic types) 75,000 50,000 25,000Texas A&M University Mexico, SE USA 25,000 10,000 2,500Zoological Lab., Okayama University mostly Eastern Asia 10,000 3,000 6,000Zoological Institute, St. Petersburg World (premier Palearctic collection) 75,000 60,000 0Zoological Museum, Helsiniki World (historical; some types) 2,000 1,980 0Totals 555,000 327,660 143,500
Appeal for SpecimensAppeal for Specimens
• To improve taxonomic coverage
• To improve geographic coverage
• To improve host documentation
Please contact me during the conference or via email at: [email protected]
Australian Miridae:Australian Miridae:changes from 1995--2004changes from 1995--2004
•210 described species: +10%+10%
•1,500 predicted spp.: +750%+750%
•1,400 recorded hosts: +4000%+4000%
•75,000 specimens: +300 %+300 %
South African Collecting and South African Collecting and museum visits, October 2004museum visits, October 2004
• ~15,000 specimens: + 700%+ 700%
• ~250 species: + 150%+ 150%
• ~200 new hosts: + 300%+ 300%
Processing of CollectionsProcessing of Collections
Insects• Mounting & labeling centralized in
AMNH New York• Rough sorting centralized in AMNH
Host plants• Vouchers identified by specialists• Vouchers deposited in recognized
herbaria
Processing of CollectionsProcessing of Collections
Management of Taxonomic activities distributed by group
• Phylinae: American Museum• Orthotylinae: Australian Museum
Creating Specimen DatabaseCreating Specimen Database
Software Choices•Use off the shelf product•Develop specialized application
Platform Approaches•Browser-based data entry•Open source programs– MySQL Database Engine
•Browser based•Data entry on local machines•Upload to web server•Minimize fields•Maximize efficiency•Multiple Modes
Museum ModeField Mode
Specimen Database ConceptSpecimen Database Concept
Field Mode: Locality DataField Mode: Locality Data
Field Mode: Host DataField Mode: Host Data
GEOLocate• Stand alone program• Easy to use• Individual & batch processing• Manual correction capability• Limitations
– parsing of locality names – still under development
http://www.museum.tulane.edu/geolocate/default.aspx
GeoreferencingGeoreferencing
Is it necessary?
Machine readability
Bar codes
Matrix codes
Alpha-numeric readability
Unique Specimen Unique Specimen IdentificationIdentification
Web Presentation of Web Presentation of Taxonomic InformationTaxonomic Information
• Tracking progress of specimen processing
• Management of host identification and vouchering
• Coordination of data entry and unique specimen identification
• Effective and efficient geocoding
Summary - HurdlesSummary - Hurdles
•20 % increase in total specimens
•20 % increase in known diversity
•increase in geographic coverage
•dramatic increase in host-documented specimens
•dramatic increase in host vouchers
Summary - AccomplishmentsSummary - Accomplishments
•Sheridan Hewson-Smith
•Steve Thurston
•Other PBI project participants & collaborators
•National Science Foundation
•American Museum of Natural History
•Australian Museum
AcknowledgementsAcknowledgements