Heritage - EPA · to the social infrastructure and cultural identity of local communities....

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HERITAGE

Trends

Goals

Bui l t Her i tage

• PlacesontheSouthAustralianHeritageRegister:INCREASEDbyninesince2003withthemajorityofsuitableplacesnowlistedandlimitedfutureadditionsexpected.

• Localheritageplacesdesignatedincouncildevelopmentplans:INCREASEDby2,699since2003(Newindicator).

Heritage Directions identifies nine major goalsforbuiltheritage:

• establishmentofalegislativeandpolicyframeworkforthedeliveryofthestate’sheritageprogram

• establishmentofasingle,compre-hensiveregisterofthestate’sheritage

• refocusingresourcestosupporttheHeritageProgram

• developmentofnewmechanismstofunddesiredheritagedirections

• reviewofthemanagement,useandownershipofstate-ownedheritageplaces

• enhancementofconservationandcapacityofbuildingactivities

• enhancementofheritageeducationandtraining

• appreciation,celebrationandpromotionofheritage

• promotion of the sustainability benefits ofheritageconservation

Coober Pedy CHurch. Photo: DEH

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HERITAGEIndicators

Bui l t Her i tage and a sus tainable South Aust ra l ia

Builtheritageprovidesphysicalevidenceofthepast,remindinguswherewehavecomefromandlinkingustoevents,peopleandinnovationsthathaveshapedourenvironment.Eachgenerationhasaresponsibilitytoprotectsignificant heritage places for thosethatfollow.

Heritagelistingassistsgovernmentsandcommunitiestoidentifyandprotectbuiltheritage.TheDepartmentforEnvironmentandHeritage(DEH)administerstheentryofStateHeritagePlacesintheSouthAustralianHeritageRegisterinconjunctionwiththeSouthAustralianHeritageCouncil.Localgovernmentmanagesplacesoflocal heritage significance under the provisionsofthe Development Act 1993. TheAustralianGovernmentisresponsiblefortheNationalHeritageListofplaceswithoutstandingvaluetoournationandtheCommonwealth.WorldHeritagelistingsaretheresponsibilityofUNESCO,whichaimstoprotectandconserveheritageitemsofglobalimportance.

Theprotectionofourbuiltheritagesupportstherealisationofsocial,economic and cultural benefits to thestateandlocalcommunities.Built heritage adds significantly to the experienceofnationalandinternationaltouristsvisitingSouthAustraliageneratingmajor economic benefits.

Builtheritagecanprovideauniquevisitorexperienceandhelpsconnectpeoplewithimportanthistoricalassociations,tellingthestoryofSouthAustralia’sdevelopment.Tourismassociatedwithheritagetrailsandsitescontributestothesustainabilityofmanysmalltownsandtheongoingviabilityofregionalcommunities.Wellconservedandinterpretedheritageplacesaddtothesocialinfrastructureandculturalidentityoflocalcommunities.

Maintainingandprotectingheritagebuildingsinvolvesrespondingtoenvironmentalpressuresandcommunities’changingneedstoensureviableongoinguseforourbuiltheritage.Thereisaneedtopromotetheadaptivereuseofheritagebuildingsandtodispelthemyththatheritage-listedbuildingscannotbetouched.

Conservationofbuiltheritagealsosignificantly contributes to the broader sustainabilityofournaturalenvironment.Theconstructionofanewbuildingconsumesalargeamountofenergy,includingtheextractionofrawmaterials,theenergyusedinmanufacturingnewmaterialsanddemolitionoftheoldbuilding.

Demolitionmaterialscontributetolandfill if not fully recycled. It has been estimatedthatapproximately30%ofwaste, currently disposed of to landfill, is comprisedofwastebuildingmaterials.In addition, demolition wastes the embodiedenergy,i.e.theenergythatwasusedtothemakethebuildingmaterialsandconstructthebuilding.

Tocreateamoresustainablefuturetheadaptivereuseofheritagebuildingsshouldbeavitalpartofourenvironmentalplanning.Modernbuildingdesignsalsooftenrelymoreheavilyonmechanicalheatingandcoolingwithobviousgreenhouseimplications(alsoseethe Urban Form & Population chapter).

CONDITION INDICATORS

• Number of State Heritage Places entered in the South Australian Heritage Register

TheSouthAustralianHeritageRegisterlistsplacesofheritagevaluetothestateandwasreportedoninthe 2003 State of the Environment Report (SoE). It includes placesandrelatedobjectsofstatesignificance that meet one or more of the criteria specified in Section 16 of the Heritage Places Act 1993.

• Number of local heritage places designated in council development plans (New Indicator)

ManagedbylocalgovernmentandPlanningSA,thelistingoflocalheritageplacesandareasisdirectedbytheprovisionsoftheDevelopment Act 1993.LocalheritageplacesthathavebeenprotectedundertheDevelopment Act 1993 arelistedincouncils’DevelopmentPlansandarealsorecordedintheSouthAustralianHeritageRegister.

Left and above: The Adelaide Bridge,

Adelaide. Photo: Tim Lubcke.

Colonel Light Gardens State Heritage Area.

Photo: DEH

Bui l t Her i tage


HERITAGE

What is the current situation?

CONDITION INDICATOR: Number of State Heritage Places entered in the South Australian Heritage Register

TheprocessofregistrationofStateHeritagePlacescommenceswiththenominationofaplacefromthepublicor through its identification as the result ofaheritagesurveywithinalocalgovernmentareaorregion.SouthAustralia was the first jurisdiction to undertakeasystematicapproachtothesurveyofheritageplaces.

Heritage surveys commenced in 1981 and almostalltheregionswithinthestatehavenowbeencovered.AsthisprocesshasnearedcompletionthegrowthoflistingsontheSouthAustralianHeritageRegisterhasslowedasdemonstratedbytheninelistingssince2003.Asaresultstateheritageeffortsarenowrefocusedontheeffectivemanagementofpropertiesalreadylistedon the state register. It is now the listing oflocalheritageplacesthatisexhibitingrapidgrowth.

Nongovernmentorganisationsplayanimportantroleinheritageconservation.Theseincludethenumerousheritagesocietiesandgroupsacrossthestate,aswellastheNationalTrustofSouthAustralia.

Established in 1955 ‘to provide for the preservation and maintenance of places and chattels of any description of national, historical, artistic or scientific interest or natural beauty…’theNationalTrustofSouthAustraliacurrentlyhasmorethan3,000membersandmanagesapproximately 120 properties.

Heritage Directions identified the need toaddresstheimbalancebetween19th and 20th century places entered intheRegister.AhistoryofthepostSecond World War period 1946-1959 was completed in 2004 and DEH has commissioned a survey of the period 1928-1945 which will be completed inthisyear.

TheSouthAustralianHeritageRegisterliststhefullrangeofSouthAustralianHeritagePlaceswithinonedatabaseandincludesWorldHeritageandAustralianGovernmentlistings,StateHeritagePlaces,StateHeritageAreas,localheritageplacesandHistoric(Conservation)Zones.

AnindependentbodyestablishedundertheprovisionsoftheHeritagePlaces Act 1993, the South Australian HeritageCounciladministerstheRegister. Heritage places are first provisionally entered before final confirmation or removal. To be entered intheRegisteraplacemustmeetoneormoreofthefollowingcriteriafromSection 16 of the Heritage Places Act 1993:

a. It demonstrates important aspects oftheevolutionorpatternofthestate’shistory.

b. It has rare, uncommon or endangeredqualitiesthatareofcultural significance.

c. It may yield information that will contributetoanunderstandingofthestate’shistory,includingitsnaturalhistory.

d. It is an outstanding representative ofaparticularclassofplacesofcultural significance.

e. It demonstrates a high degree of creative,aestheticortechnicalaccomplishmentorisanoutstandingrepresentativeofparticularconstructiontechniquesordesigncharacteristics.

f. It has strong cultural or spiritual associationsforthecommunityoragroupwithinit.

g. It has a special association with thelifeorworkofapersonororganisationoraneventofhistoricalimportance.

CONDITION INDICATOR: Number of local heritage places designated in council development plans (New Indicator)

Theprotectionoflocalheritageismanagedthroughthe Development Act 1993.LocalgovernmentisresponsibleforinitiatingthestatutoryprocessbywhichaDevelopmentPlanis amended to include lists of significant individualplacesortocreateheritageareas. Of the 68 local government bodiesinSouthAustralia,32haveauthorisedLocalHeritagelistsintheirDevelopmentPlansandthreehavelistsunderinterimoperation(theseareadditionstoexistinglists).

ADevelopmentPlanmaydesignateaplaceasaplaceoflocalheritagevalue if it satisfies one or more of the following criteria in section 23 (4) of the Development Act 1993:

Emerging i ssuesSustainability and climate change

The sustainability benefits of heritage conservationwillassumeincreasingimportanceintheyearsahead.Theadaptivere-useofheritagebuildingsorpartsthereof,canreduceconsumptionofnewmaterialsandpreventunnecessarywastegoing to landfill. A key challenge willbeworkingwithconservationgroupsandotherkeystakeholderstofurtherdeveloptheconceptofembodiedenergy.Thisconceptmustincludeabetterunderstandingofhowmaintainingourbuiltheritagecancontributetoenvironmentalsustainability.

Infill development

AnumberofcouncilareasmaynothaveadequateDevelopmentPlanstoaddressrisingconcernswith infill development such as underdevelopeddesiredcharacterstatements,whichcanresultinad-hocdevelopmentatoddswithexistingbuiltheritage.TheBetterDevelopmentPlans(BDP)initiativeischanginghowoursuburbsshapeupbyupdatingDevelopmentPlansstatewideandhopefullyprovidinganswers for infill development and housingshortagesandaffordability.

League of Historical Cities

TheCityofNorwoodPaynehamandStPeterswasadvisedinJuly2007thatithadbeenadmittedtotheLeagueofHistoricalCities.Thisinternationalrecognitionisevidenceofhowmuchthecouncilandcommunityvalueandmanagetheirbuiltandculturalheritage.OnlytwootherAustraliancities,MelbourneandBallarat,havebeenadmittedtotheLeagueofHistoricalCitie.


a. It displays historical, economic or socialthemesthatareofimportancetothelocalarea.

b. It represents customs or ways of life thatarecharacteristicofthelocalarea.

c. It has played an important part in the livesoflocalresidents.

d. It displays aesthetic merit, design characteristicsorconstructiontechniques of significance to the localarea.

e. It is associated with a notable local personalityorevent.

f. It is a notable landmark in the area.

g. In the case of a tree (without limiting aprecedingparagraph)-itisofspecial historical or social signifi-canceorimportancewithinthelocalarea.

AmendingtheDevelopment PlanentailsthepreparationofaDevelopment Plan Amendment,formerlyknownasaPlan Amendment Report,andincludesstatutoryrequirementsforconsultingthecommunity.

Theseparationofheritagemanagementwithinthestatebetweentwodifferentpiecesoflegislation,withtwoindividualresponsiblegovernmentagenciesdoescausesomedysfunction.Theconsolidationofheritagemanagementlegislationunderasingleheritagespecific piece of legislation would belikelytoimprovethecoordinatedmanagementofheritageinSouthAustralia.

As at State Heritage Place Local HeritageRunning Total Places

June 2003 2190 3684

June 2004 2193 3736

June 2005 2195 4678

June 2006 2199 4870

June 2007 2199 6383(Interim & Authorised)

What are the pressures?

Therecontinuestobeincreasingcommunityconcernatthelossoflocalneighbourhoodcharacter.Rapidlychangingstreetscapesinsomeregionscan impact significantly on community pride and local identity. It is however importanttorecognisethatwhilelocalneighbourhoodcharacterandheritagemayoverlaptheyarenotthe same thing and clarification of the distinctionisneededtoimproveheritagemanagement.

Thisissuewillbecomeagreaterissueasthegovernmentproceedswithpoliciestoachieveapopulationtargetof two million by 2050. While loss of neighbourhoodcharacterandlossofheritagearedifferent,theareaswhere

they overlap creates potential for conflict between government infill targets and increasingpressuretodemolishheritagebuildings.

Heritagepoliciesatalllevelsofgovernmentneedtoachievearangeofoutcomesincludingprovisionofcertaintyforthecommunity,propertyownersanddevelopers.Heritagepoliciesmustalsoprotectheritageassetswhilefacilitatingsympatheticnewdevelopmentandpromotinggoodurbancharacter.ConfusionabouttheplanningandheritagesystemsinSouthAustraliacanaddtothepressuresexperiencedbypropertyowners,developersandthewidercommunity.

Destructionordeteriorationofaheritageplacewithinaregionorlocalcommunitycan significantly impact on that community,andrepresentsacosttothatcommunity.

In recent years this has led to increased communityawarenessandappreciationof the significance of our heritage assets,whichisintegraltothelong-termprotectionandconservationof our built heritage. In turn, this has requiredincreasedinvolvementbylocalgovernmentinconservingbuiltheritageandhasplacedadditionalpressuresoncouncils,particularlysmalleronesinregionalcommunities.

Anotherissueisthatoldermembersoftheworkforceholdthestate’sheritageexpertise. There is a significant issue regardingsuccessionplanningforwhowilltakeoverfromthecurrentsmallgroupofhighlyskilledheritageindustrycraftspeopleandprofessionals.

Finally,manybuildings,sitesandobjectsenteredintheSouthAustralianHeritageRegisterareatriskofdeteriorationandultimatelyloss.Anincreasedfocusonthesystematicmonitoringandmaintenanceofheritagebuildingsisneeded.

South Australian Heritage Fund

DEHhelpstoconserveSouthAustralia’sStateHeritagePlacesthroughtheSouthAustralianHeritageFund.

TheSouthAustralianHeritageCouncilreviewedofthefundinFebruary2007andtheeligibilitycriteriaforapplicantshavesincebeenrevisedtoenablegreaterfundinglevelsforalimitednumberofprojectsorthoseofanunusuallylargescopeorcomplexity.Additionally,documentationofconservationworksandeconomicappraisalsofcompatiblere-useoptionsarenoweligibleforfundingassistance.

Specialinterest/education

• Hahndorf, established in 1839, isAustralia’soldestsurvivingGermansettlement.

• Walter Burley Griffin was responsibleforthedesignofAustralia’scapital,Canberra.Lesswellknowisthefactthathe also designed an Incinerator fortheformerHindmarshCouncil.ThestructurecanbeeseeninCoglinStreet,HindmarshandisoneofveryfewsuchincineratorsremaininginitsoriginalconditioninAustralia.

Table 7.1: Available annual figures for State and

local heritage places 30/06/03-30/06/07

Bui l t Her i tage


HERITAGE

Loss of neighbourhood character

Toprotectplacesandareasofheritage significance for present and future generations, specific legislative safeguardshavebeencreatedtoguide their identification, registration, conservationanddevelopment.RelevantlegislationincludestheHeritagePlacesAct 1993 and the Development Act 1993. ThelatterActrequiresmostdevelopmentapplicationsaffectingStateHeritagePlacesandStateHeritageAreastobereferredtotheMinisterresponsiblefortheHeritage Places Act.

DEH,PlanningSA,localgovernmentandcommunitygroupsareworkingcollabo-rativelytopromotestateandlocalbuiltheritageandamoreinformeddialogueaboutheritageandlocalcharacterwithinlocalcommunities.

PlanningSAhaspreparedadiscussionpaperonDesiredCharacterStatementsasexpressionsofplanningpolicyinDevelopmentPlanstoassistinprotectingdesiredneighbourhoodsandisnowinitiatingPlanAmendmentswithselectedcouncils.TheBetterDevelopmentPlanProgramPolicyModules,thepreparationandinclusionofDesignTechniquesinDevelopmentPlansandDesignGuidesforResidentialDevelopmentarealsoassistingwithretentionofareacharacterandstreetscapes.

Heritage policies

DEHConservationArchitectsadvisetheMinisterandinsomeinstances,actastheMinister’sdelegatecommentingonapplicationsfordevelopmentofheritageplaces.Thedevelopmentassessmentprocessisinplacetoensurethatdevelopmentoforaffecting,aheritageplace,issympathetictothesignificant fabric of the place, not to preventchange.HeritageArchitectswilloftenencouragetheinclusionofmodern,sustainabledesignprinciples,asopposedtoapprovingfauxheritagefeatures.

DEHandPlanningSAhavebeenworkingtogether,aspartoftheBetterDevelopmentPlansproject,todevelopheritagemodulesortemplates.ThesewillprovideassistcouncilstoincorporateheritagemanagementpolicyintotheirDevelopmentPlans,withtheadvantages

ofbeingconsistent,comprehensiveandadaptabletolocalcircumstances.

ThereisalsoaneedtosimplifytheprocessthroughwhichcouncilscanamendtheirDevelopmentPlans,specifically their schedules of local heritageplaces.AtpresentaPARistheonlymechanismavailabletoaCouncilforremovalfromoradditiontoascheduleofasinglenon-controversialplace.ThisisexcessivebothinuseofCouncilresourcesandthetimetakentocompletewhatshouldbeaminortask.

Heritage Directions identified a number ofstrategiestoaddresscomplexityandduplicationwithintheplanningandheritagesystemsinSouthAustralia.DEH,PlanningSAandnumerousotheragencieshavebeenworkingtoprogressthesestrategiesandidentifymechanismstoreduceredtapetoimproveservicestopropertyowners,developersandthecommunity.

Increased community awareness.

DEH,SATourismCommissionandlocalcommunitieshavebeenworkingtogethertointerpretandpromotebuiltandnaturalheritagesiteswithinregionallocations,includingparksandothertouristdestinations.

Information and educational resources onthestate’sbuiltheritageareavailableontheDEHwebsite.Twonewwebsiteshavealsobeenlaunchedsince2003providingextensiveinformation about the 17 State Heritage Areasandshowcasinglatestentriesandsignificant anniversaries. Advice is also providedthroughpublicationssuchasthemonthlyHeritageSouthAustraliaE-NewsandtheprintedHeritageSouthAustraliaNewsletter.

It is important to make heritage places relevanttopeople’sunderstandingofandconnectionwithSouthAustralia.HeritageDirectionsrecommendedarangeofstrategiestoachievethis,includingthedevelopmentofsignageandheritagetrailsinconjunctionwiththeSATourismCommission,HistoryTrustofSA,TransportSAandPlanningSAandensuringthatheritageisincorporatedintotourismproductdevelopment,promotionandmarketing.

DEHcontinuestodeveloparangeofinnovativeinterpretivematerial,includingvirtualwebbasedtours,on-siteinterpretivepanelsandotherpublishedmaterials,toincreasepublic

What are we doing about it?

Case s tudiesGreen her i tageChangestoheritagebuildingscanadaptthemtonewuseswhilemakingthemostofnewtechnologyto improve their eco-efficiency. Somerecentexamplesinclude:

• The former Sturt Street Primary School

Constructed in 1883, the former schoolislistedasalocalheritageplace.Disusedanddilapidatedfor more than 10 years, it has beenconservedandadaptedtobecome the first ‘integrated early learning centre’ in Adelaide. It provideschildcare,preschoolandReceptiontoYear3facilities.Thesiteisnowalsomoreenergyefficient due to the use of steel-framedglazedlinkstoletinmorenaturallight,theadoptionofphotovoltaictechnologyandthere-useofexistingmaterials.

• Mt Gambier City Hall redevelopment

Thismajorredevelopmenttransformedastate-heritagelisted former Institute Building intoavibrantnewcivichub.Theprojectembracedthehistoricsignificance of the building, thechangingneedsofthecommunityandtheneedtobeenvironmentallyresponsible.Sympatheticarchitecturaldesignhasensuredthebuildingmaintainsitshistoriccharacterwhileinsertinganewcontempo-rarymulti-purposespacetomeetthecommunity’severchangingneeds. Energy efficiency was maximisedthroughtheshapeofthebuildingdirectingsunawayfromthemassivemasonryelementsandthecarefulselectionofmaterials,includingsomerecycledones.


awarenessandappreciationofthediversity and significance of our built heritage.Theseinterpretationsalsocontributetothelong-termconservationand protection of significant sites.

TheannualSchoolsHeritageCompetitionencouragesstudentstoidentifywiththeirheritage,toappreciatetheirlocalenvironmentandtounderstandthediversity and significance of the state’s built heritage and is now in its fifth year.Thestategovernment,throughDEH,hasalsofundedtheUniversityofSouthAustraliaArchitectureMuseumtodevelopanon-linedatabaseofSouthAustralianArchitectsandtheirworks.

Increasing involvement by local government

HeritageDirectionsstrategiesarebeingimplementedwiththeaimofbuildingthecapacityoflocalgovernmentstolookaftertheirheritageplaces.FinancialassistancethroughtheDEHHeritageDirectionsbudgetisavailabletoassistcouncilsto:

• carryoutassessmentsoflocalheritageplaces

• developheritageplanningpolicy

• provideassistanceforcouncilincentiveschemes.

HeritageAdvisers,whoarejointlyfundedbystateandlocalgovernment,playanimportantroleinassistingcouncilstomanagetheirlocalheritageassets.Theyareexperiencedheritagepractitioners, typically with qualifications inarchitecture,whomtheDepartmentforEnvironmentandHeritage(DEH)andlocalcouncilsjointlyfund.Theseprofessionalsareabletoprovidearangeofspecialistadvicetocouncilsandpropertyowners,

Education and training

Heritage Directions identified gaps in heritage-relatedpost-secondaryandpost-graduateeducationandtrainingforheritageandconservationwithinSouthAustralia.TheSAHeritageCouncilhasmadeaddressingthesegapsakeypriority for the next five years.

DEHcoordinatestrainingprogramsforlocalcouncils,practitionersandmembersofthepublic.RecentHeritageConservationSeminarshaveincludedPaintingofOlderBuildingsandaCemeteriesConservationSeminar.

TheDEHSABuiltHeritageResearchFellowshipwasestablishedattheArchitectureMuseumoftheUniversityofSouth Australia in 2005-06. The Fellowship aimstosupportresearchintoandassociatedpublicationsabout,SouthAustralia’sbuiltheritageandscholarlyuseofthearchitecturalarchivesandthemuseum’slibrary.

Monitoring and maintenance of heritage buildings

DEHhasinitiatedaprojecttoenhancetheinformationregardingStateHeritagePlacesontheregister.Thisinvolvescollectingphotographs,descriptions,siteplans,mapreferencesandconditiondata.

TheDepartmentofTransport,Energyand Infrastructure administers the HistoricBuildingsConservationProgramforgovernment-ownedStateHeritagePlaces.Theallocationin200708 was $1.481 million. The program supplementstheamountsallocatedbyindividualgovernmentdepartmentsformaintenanceoftheirState-ownedheritagebuildingswithintheirongoingassetsmanagementprograms.

Thestategovernmentincreasedheritagefunding by $2.9 million over four years as partofitsHeritageDirectionsstrategy,announced as part of the 2004 05 State budget.

DEH administers the $250,000 South AustralianHeritageFundGrantsProgramforprivatelyownedStateHeritagelistedproperties.TheGrantsProgramprovidesgrants of up to $25,000 to assist owners. In addition, DEH administers a $200,000 HistoricBuildingMaintenanceFund(2006-07)forStateHeritagePlaceswithinthestate’sNationalParksandReserves.

Sturt Street School, an example of adaptive

reuse. Photos: Woodhead Architect.

Bui l t Her i tage


What more should we be doing?

HERITAGE

TheEnvironmentProtectionAuthorityrecommendsthefollowing:

R7.1 Provide councils with a simplified process, and appropriate safeguards, for listingandremovalofplacesfromalocalheritageschedule.

R7.2 Consolidateheritagelegislation

References Further informationHeritage Directions: A Future for Built Heritage in South Australia(2003),DepartmentforEnvironmentandHeritage,SouthAustralia

Australian Heritage Council www.ahc.gov.au

Australian Heritage Directory www.heritage.gov.au/

Australian Heritage Places Inventory www.heritage.gov.au/ahpi/index.html

Australia ICOMOS (International Council on Monuments and Sites) www.icomos.org/australia

Department for Environment and Heritage www.environment.sa.gov.au

Commonwealth Department of the Environment, Water, Heritage and the Arts www.deh.gov.au/

Heritage Planning Bulletin dataserver.planning.sa.gov.au/publications/704p.pdf

DEH Heritage website www.heritage.sa.gov.au/

Heritage Advisory Service2007representedthe20thanniversaryofcommencementoftheHeritageAdvisoryService.

Jointlyfundedbystateandlocalgovernments,theserviceillustratesthegrowingpartnershipbetweenthesetwolevelsofgovernmentinthemanagementofSouthAustralia’s heritage places. In 1987, the first Adviser was employed throughGovernmentfundingtoassistwithmanagementintheStateHeritageAreaofBurra.

TheroleoftheHeritageAdvisers,identified as critical to regional servicingofheritagemanagement,continuestodevelopandalmosthalfofSouthAustralia’scouncilshaveengagedtheprofessionalsupportofaHeritageAdviser.

Alignment of Recommendations with South Australia’s Strategic Plan targets

Penola SHA. Photo: DEH.

Cordillo Downs Woolshed. Photo: DEH.

ForfurtherdetailonSouthAustralia’sStrategic Planvisitwww.stateplan.sa.gov.au *Notethereareno Strategic Plan indicators specific to built heritage

R7.1 R7.2

Growing Prosperity

Improving Wellbeing

Attaining Sustainability

Fostering Creativity and Innovation

Building Communities

Expanding Opportunities


Trends

Goals

Cul tural Her i tage

Cultural Her i tage and a sus tainable South Aust ra l ia

• SiteslistedontheCentralArchive(includingtheRegisterofAboriginalSitesandObjects):INCREASEDto7,485 from 5,691 in 2003.

• ShipwreckslistedintheSAShipwrecksDatabase:STABLE at 788, with 204 wrecks located and identified.

• ProtectedSouthAustralianshipwrecks: INCREASING,with392atSeptember2007–up206sinceDecember2002.

• Documentationofgeologicalheritage: significantly DECREASED duetodiscontinuationoffunding.

Aboriginal Affairs and Reconciliation Division Business Plan 2008/09 (Divisional initiatives)

• DevelopAboriginalleaders’rolesinmanagementoftheAboriginalheritageagenda(linkedtoSASPTarget 5.7 – Aboriginal leadership)

• ConductreviewoftheAboriginalHeritage Act 1988 (linked to SASP objectiveexpandingopportunityT6.1)

• Increase the number of agreements abouttherepatriationofancestralremains(linkedtoSASPobjectiveexpanding opportunity T6.1)

• DeveloppartnershipswithAboriginalheritageandnativetitlegroupsaboutthemanagementoftheirHeritage(linkedtoSASPobjectiveexpanding opportunity T6.1)

Department for Environment and Heritage Corporate Plan 2007/2010 (Objective 2g)

“Target state government resources to conserve and maintain state heritage assets and influence local government to support and invest in its local heritage.”

Department of the Environment and Water Resources Commonwealth Historic Shipwrecks Program

“Increase knowledge, use, appreciation and enjoyment of Australian historic shipwreck heritage, while also ensuring the continued conservation, protection and preservation of these wrecks and relics.”

General heritage

Heritagereinforcescommunities’senseofculturalidentityandprotectingheritage helps confirm and reinforce thatidentity.Sustainabilityofculturalresourcescanonlybeachievedbyfosteringgreaterpublicawarenessofandsupportforprotectingheritagesitesnotsimplyfortheirintrinsicvalue,butinrecognitionoftheircultural,socialandeconomicvalues.

Aboriginal-specific heritage

Aboriginalheritagecomprisesarchaeologicalandanthropologicalplacesanditemsaswellaswhatistermed‘living’ culture.TheseincludeAboriginalculturalpracticesandbeliefsthatareactivetodaysuchastheguidingofpresent-daypracticesandthecontinuationoflanguagepreservation.

Environmentally,Aboriginalheritageconveystothebroadercommunitytheinherentconnectionbetweenpeopleandtheirenvironmentandhighlightstheneedtoreconnectatabasiclevelwiththatwhichsustainsus.

Pressuressuchasincreasesindevelopment,exploration,anduncontrolledaccesstoandrecreationaluseofsensitiveareasaffectthepreservationofAboriginalsitesandareasofculturalsensitivity.Theyoftenleadtovandalism, excessive pedestrian traffic, graffiti and damage from off-road and recreationalvehicles.Otherpressuresincludeagriculturalandpastoralactivities,andotherintensivelandusepractices.

Respectforthevalueoftheirheritagehasakeyroleinreconciliationbetween

Engraving at Sacred Canyon in the Flinders

Ranges. Photo: DEH

Cultural Her i tage

R7.1 R7.2

Growing Prosperity

Improving Wellbeing


Fostering Creativity and Innovation




HERITAGE

Aboriginalandnon-AboriginalAustralia.TheinvolvementofAboriginalpeopleindecisionsrelatingtotheircultureisessentialforreconciliationtosucceedandindeedshouldbeatthecentreofallinitiativesthataffecttheirlives.

MaintenanceofheritageandculturetopromotesocialsustainabilityinconjunctionwithAboriginalparticipationindecision-makingareimportantcontributorstothehealthandwellbeingofAboriginalpeopleandtheirfamilies.

TherearemanywaysinwhichAboriginalpeopleandtheirfamiliescanapplytheirculturalknowledge.ForexamplemaintenanceofheritagecanleadtotheeconomicdevelopmentforAboriginalcommunitiesthroughculturaltours,walkingtrailsandotherculturaltourismventures.Thereisgreatvalueinthepresentationofculturetolocalandinternationalaudiences.

Shipwreck heritage

ShipwrecksandassociatedsitesandartefactscontributetoSouthAustralia’seconomicandsocialsustainabilitythroughcommunityownershipandcelebration,andthesharingofstoriesassociatedwitheachwreck.Tourismproductssuchasdiving,walkinganddrivingtrails,andmuseumexhibitsattractlargenumbersofvisitorsandcontributetoemploymentandrecreationalopportunitiesinregions.

Shipwrecks are artificial reefs and as such, havebecomeimportantmarinehabitats.Conservationandprotectionofthesesitesisimportantnotonlytomaintaintheheritagevalueofthesites,butalsoforthesustainabilityofthenaturalenvironmentassociated with the wrecks. As artificial reefs,wrecksitesalsocontributetorecreationaleconomicsustainabilityasdive and fishing locations.

Geological heritage

Alsoimportanttoheritagemanagementistheprotectionofthestate’sgeologicalheritage.

Unlikelivingsystems,geologicalmonumentsitesarenotreproducible,andwhendamagedordestroyedarelostforever.Consequently,thereisaneedtoidentifyandprotectawiderangeofsuchsites.

Outstandinggeologicalandgeomor-phological formations and significant historicalminingsitesareimportant

aspectsofthestate’sculturalheritage.Manyhaveconsiderablevaluefortourismandrecreation,andprovideaconnectionwiththelandfortheirlocalcommunities.Thesites’integritymaybediminishedbyinappropriatelanduseanddevelopment.

Before e a definitive statement is made abouttheconditionofSouthAustralia’sheritageresourcesmoreresearchisneeded,howeverthefollowingissuescanbediscussedwithcertainty.

CONDITION INDICATORS

• Number of items on the Central Archive of Aboriginal Heritage

ThenumberofitemsontheCentralArchive of Aboriginal Heritage reflects theworkbeingdonetorecordimportantAboriginalHeritageitemsinSouthAustralia.

*ThisincludestheRegisterofAboriginalSitesandObjects.

• Number of entries on the Register of Historic Shipwrecks and Associated Articles

Alistingofthenumber,locationandstatusofshipwrecksinSouthAustralianwatersismaintainedonthestate’sShipwrecksDatabaseasarecordofourmaritimeheritage.

Indicators

Thedocumentationandmaintenanceofthestate’sheritageensuresthatlinkswiththepastarepreservedandthecommunitycanfullyappreciateandbenefit from its inheritance. The number ofplacesandobjectslistedonheritageregistersisonemeasureofhowwellweunderstandtheextentofourheritage.

CONDITION INDICATOR: Number of items on the Central Archive of Aboriginal Heritage


Therecordingofsitesandtheirconditionisimportant.

What is the current situation?

Abor ig inal her i tage - Repatr ia t ion ThereisagrowingtrendforancestralremainsandotherculturalmaterialtoberepatriatedtoAboriginalcommunitiesfromthecollectionsofinternationalinstitutions.

Thisrequiresparticipationbythecommunitiesandgovernmentagenciestoidentifyappropriatelandandkeepingplacesforrepatriatedancestralremainsandothermaterials.

Theprotectionofmoveableculturalheritageisbecominganissue.Culturalmaterial,particularlyportableitemssuchasstonetools,groundstoneaxesandgrindstones,andoccasionallysacredobjectscanbereadilyfoundforsalesonvenuessuchasEbay,enablingtheirsaleinterstateandoverseas.

Salesofsuchobjectsarerestrictedunderheritagelegislationatboththestateandfederallevelshowevermoreconsiderationisrequiredofhowtomonitorsalesandrecoveritemsforrepatriation.

Key facts – Abor ig inal Her i tage• AllAboriginalsites,objectsand

remainsinSouthAustraliaareprotectedundertheAboriginalHeritage Act 1998 (the Act) regardlessofwhethertheyhavebeenregisteredorrecorded.Thismeansthatitisanoffencepursuanttosection23oftheActtodamage,disturborinterferewithanAboriginalsite,objectorremains.


In culturally sensitive areas that are subjecttohighimpactactivities,sitesshouldbesurveyedandrecorded.Conservationmanagementplansshouldbedevelopedandenactedtoensurethesiteslong-termprotection.

Maintaininghighandcomprehensivestandardsofrecordingisimportant.Increasingly Aboriginal sites are being recordedthroughculturalheritagesurveysorworkareaclearances,associatedwithactivitiessuchaslanddevelopmentandmineralexploration,ratherthanthroughresearchorlocalsurveys.

Thenumberofsites,objectsandremainsonthecentralarchiveincludingtheRegisterofAboriginalSitesandObjectshas risen to 7,485 from 5961 in 2003.

Landuseproponentsneedclarityonwhotoconsultaboutproposedactivities.ThenumberofAboriginalgroupsthatarenegotiatingdirectlywithindustrythroughnativetitleandotherprocessesisincreasing.

Managementoftheirheritageinformationandassociatedactions,suchasnegotiatedaccesstoland,byAboriginalpeopleisvital.TheSouthAustralianGovernmentisworkingtowardsincreasedinvolvementofAboriginalgroupsinthisprocess.

Aboriginalculturalheritagemanagementrequiressupporttobeeffective.ThedevelopmentanddeliveryoftrainingcoursesthatmeettheneedsofAboriginalpeopleworkinginculturalheritagemanagementbeganinAugust2006.

TheSouthAustralianMuseumisheavilyinvolvedinmaintainingAboriginalcultural heritage. It holds the world’s largestAboriginalculturalheritage(ethnographicandarchaeological)andskeletal collections. In addition, museum departmentsundertakeresearchandmaintain a significant site card index. Important archival material on Aboriginal sitesandculturalknowledgeisheldinthiscollection.

CONDITION INDICATOR: Number of entries on the Register of Historic Shipwrecks and Associated Articles

Maritime Heritage

The SA Shipwrecks Database (managedbytheDepartmentforEnvironmentandHeritage) and there are currently 788 wrecks recorded. Of these, 204 have beenlocated.Thetotalnumberof

protectedwrecksinSouthAustraliaasatSeptember 2007, was 392 – a significant increaseof206sinceDecember2002.

Thisincreasehaslargelyresultedfroma2005 amendment to the South Australian Historic Shipwrecks Act 1981,whichintroduced a rolling 75-year blanket protectionforshipwrecksandassociatedrelicsinstatewaters.ThisamendmentmirrorstheCommonwealth Historic Shipwrecks Act 1976andmeansthatallSouthAustralianshipwreckswhetherinCommonwealthorstatewatersareautomatically protected from the 75th anniversaryofthewrecksoccurring.Priortothisamendment,shipwrecksinlocalwaters,includingtheRiverMurray,needed specific declarations in order to bedeemedHistoric.

Therehasbeenatendencyinrecentyearstobroadenthemaritimearchaeologyprogramawayfromitsinitialfocusonshipwreckstoincludeotherformsofunderwaterheritage,andmaritime-relatedrelicsonlandsuchaswhalingandsealingstationsandshipwrecksurvivorcamps.

Mining Heritage

Over the past 15 years a number of historicminesitesonpubliclandhavebeenconserved,interpretedandopenedtothepublicbywayofmuseumsandselfguidedwalkingtrails.

The most significant mining heritage sites inSouthAustraliaare:

• GlenOsmondMine

• KapundaMine

• BurraMine

• TaliskerMine

• AlmandaMine

• Barossa Goldfield

• JupiterCreekDiggings

• BlinmanMineandseveralothercopperminesintheFlindersRanges

• MoontaandWallarooMines

• SleepsHillQuarries.

Geological Heritage Sites (formerly Geological Monuments)

EvidenceofthegeologicalprocessesthatformedtheEarthandoftheplantsandanimalsthathavelivedonit,ispreservedinlandformsandnaturalrockoutcrops,riverbanks,seacliffsandshore

What sort of places can be Aboriginal sites?

CertainlandformsaremorelikelybeAboriginalsitesortocontainarchaeologicalevidenceofAboriginaloccupation.Theseinclude:

• Claypans,lakes,riversandestuaries(typicallythesitesofstoneartefactscatters,shellmiddens,rockart,stonearrange-ments,campsitesorovens).

• Rockyoutcrops(quarries,rockart,rockholes,stonearrange-ments,ceremonial/religioussites,stoneartefactscatters).

• Dunes,sandhillsandsandbodies,especiallyinthevicinityofwatersources,wells,springs,waterholes.

• Cratersandsinkholes.

• Areaswithin200mofthecoastandwaterways.

• Areas within 100m of the banksofallothercreeks,rivers,watercourses,lakes,waterholes,rockholes,wellsandsprings,especiallyinaridareas.

• Unusuallandfeatures(thesemaywell have mythological signifi-cance).

• Bushorforestedareas(stoneartefactscatters,campsitesorovens).

• Areasofnaturalvegetationorintactgroundsurfacesuchasparks,openspaceandroadverges.

• Placenamesareaclearindicationofacommunity’sassociationwiththeland.ThesemaybeAboriginalplacenamesortheEnglishtranslationsofAboriginalnames.

Cultural Her i tage


platforms,andinroadcuttings,mines,quarriesandotherexcavations.

Someofthesesitesaresooutstandingorsorarethattheyarepartofournaturalheritage. These scientific and cultural featuresdeservetoberecognised,described,protectedandenjoyedfortheiraesthetic,educationalorrecreationalvalue.GeologicalheritagesitesinSouthAustraliaincludeWilpenaPound,HallettCove,Ediacarafossilsite,ArkaroolaandtheDalhousieSprings.

SystematicdocumentationofthegeologicalheritageofSouthAustraliabegan in 1966. The Standing Committee forGeologicalMonumentswasformedwithintheSouthAustralianDivisionoftheGeologicalSocietyofAustraliaandfundingwasmadeavailablethroughtheCommonwealthGovernmentNationalEstateGrantsProgram.Thestandingcommitteeformallydesignated 433 individual sites before the Commonwealthprojectwasterminated.

Onlyonesitehassincebeenaddedtotherecordeventhoughtherearestillsomeareasofthestateworthyofreviewforthepresenceoffeatureswithgeologicalheritagestatus.

ThestatusofGeologicalMonumentbeingconferredonanysitebytheGeologicalSocietyofAustraliadoesnotautomaticallygiveprotection.Allgeologicalmonumentslocatedwithinreservesdeclaredunderthe National Parks and Wildlife Act 1972 havetheprotectionprovidedbythisAct.

The 54 Geological Monuments that arelistedasStateHeritagePlacesintheSouthAustralianHeritageRegisterareprotectedundertheprovisionsoftheState Heritage Places Act 1993.

In 2004, amendments to the Commonwealth Environment Protection and Biodiversity Conservation Act 1999 introducedanewsystemofheritagerecognitionandprotectionatthenationallevelbycreatingbothaNationalHeritageandaCommonwealthHeritageList

TheselistscouldincludeplacesandfeaturesthatwereformerlyontheRegisteroftheNationalEstate.Atthetimeofwriting,theonlysiteinSouthAustraliadesignatedasaGeologicalMonumentthatisontheNationalHeritageList,istheNaracoorteCavecomplex.TherearenoSouthAustralianfeaturesofgeologicalheritagestatusontheCommonwealthHeritageList.

Whileregistersarevitaltoolsformanagingheritage,recognitionisneededofthefactthatsitesdonotremainstatic.Theirconditionmaychangeovertime.Continuedeffortisrequiredtoensurethatsitesaremonitored,maintainedandprotected.


The Aboriginal Heritage Act, 1988 (Ss9 & 10) require the Minister to keep centralarchivesofsitesorobjects.ThepresumptionbuiltoveryearshasbeenthattheCentralArchivesmaintainedbytheAboriginalAffairsandReconciliationDivisionoftheDepartmentofPremierandCabinetistheonlysuchrepositoryofrecordsforSouthAustralia,thatitcontainsrecordsofmostsiteswithinthestateandthattherecordsareaccurate.Thesepresumptionsarethemselvesinaccurate.

Duetothediversityofsitedatacollectionmethodsandrepositories,standardsofrecordingandinformationmanagementare not uniform. In fact, there is an absenceofastrategicplanningforrecordingandconservingheritageacrossalllevels.Themainemphasisisonpartnerships with Indigenous communities withlittleattentiontooutcomes.

Documentationofsiteinformationisbecomingincreasinglyvaried.Thereneedstobeagreaterawarenessoftherequirementsforcollectinginformationandconsolidatingrecordssothatarecognisedstandardismet.

ThestateholdsrecordsofonlyasmallproportionofthetotalnumberofAboriginalHeritagesitesinSouthAustralia.Themajorityofsurveysareconductedinresponsetotherequirementsofdevelopersandtheexplorationindustry.

Theprotectionoflandscapesisanemergingculturalheritageissueparticularlyalongthecoastline,whereincreasingdevelopmentandvisitoruseiscompromisinglandscapesandscenicamenity.Oncedestroyedoraltered,theselandscapesandthesitestheycontaincannotbereplaced.TheremustbemorerecognitionofthevalueofconservingindividualsitesasfortheAboriginalpeopletheyformpartofalargerculturallandscapeincorporatingbothnaturalandculturalvalues.

Culturallandscapes,particularlythecoastline,areincreasinglyimpactedby

What are the pressures?

HERITAGE

Key facts – Shipwrecks• Any shipwreck which is 75 years or

olderisautomaticallyprotectedasaHistoricShipwreck.

• SouthAustralianshipwrecksaretimecapsulesrevealingrareinformationaboutthepastincludingtechnology,tradeandshipboardlife.

• If shipwrecks are not cared for, theirpotentialforarchaeologicalresearch,tourismandrecreationisgreatlydiminished.

• Onceawrecksiteisdamagedordisturbedthedisintegrationofthewreckisacceleratedandthesevaluableassetsareeventuallylost.

• TheSouthAustralian,wreckedatEncounter Bay in 1837, is South Australia’searliestrecordedshipwreck.

• ThescrewsteamerClanRanaldistheonlyexampleinAustralianwatersofaconstructiondesignknownasaturretship.

Geltwood near Southend in the SE of SA.

Photo: DEH.


erosionanddamagedbyrecreationalactivityorunsympatheticdevelopment.Damagetomiddenandburialsitescanbeobservedthroughoutthedunesborderingthesoutheastandfarwestcoasts:muchofthatdamagehasbeencausedthroughuncontrolledaccessby4WD and other recreational vehicles.

WithouttheparticipationofAboriginalpeopleinthemanagementofculturalinformationandthedocumentationof heritage sites, the significance of importantsitesmaynotberecognised.ForAboriginalheritageplaces,thecustodialcommunitiesmustbeinvolvedwhenplanningprojectstoensurerespectfortheirtraditionsandpracticesinrelationtocareforthelandandsignificant places.

AlllanduseproposalsinvolveconsiderationoftheirimpactonAboriginalheritage.Forcertaintyandtimelinessinnegotiationanddecision-making,goodprocessesandsupportarerequired.RepresentativesofAboriginalcommunitiesandgroupsrequiresupporttogivecertaintytostakeholdersaboutwhoisspeakingfortheircountrythroughappropriateconsultation.

It is the role of state agencies to protect heritagewherelegislationhasbeenenactedrequiringthemtodoso.Thedevelopmentofpartnershipswithotheragenciesandcommunitygroupsisvitalinassistingintheprotectionofheritage.

TheincreasingamountofancestralmaterialbeingmadeavailableforrepatriationfromwithinAustraliaandoverseasrequirestheallocationoflandthatisculturallyappropriate,suitableforreburialsandsupportslongtermconservationoftheburialsites.

Maritime Heritage

Whiletheinformationcontainedinregistersisextremelyimportant,itmustbeacknowledgedthatsitesarenotstaticandtheirconditionmaychangeovertime.Asthestate’sregistersbecomemorecomprehensive,additionalworkwillberequiredtomonitorandmaintaintheconditionofknownsitesandtorecordandconservenewones.

Systematicmonitoringandmaintenanceisrequiredforrecordedsitesandobjects.Manyoftheseareatriskofdeteriorationandultimately,loss.Thisaffectstheintegrityoftheinformationheldonaregister.Thequalityofsiterecordings

hasvariedovertimeandtheinformationneedstobeupdatedtoensurecontinuedaccuracyandconsistency.

Strategiestomitigatethesepressuresinclude:

• Completionofsurveyandconserva-tionworktoenablemonitoringoftheconditionofwrecksites.

• Increasing public knowledge andunderstandingofshipwrecklegislationandcomplianceissuesandenhancingpublicawarenessandappreciation of the significance of thestate’sshipwreckheritage.

• Managingrecreationaluseofthesesitestoreducedeliberateandaccidentaldamage.

• Managingchangerelatingtodevelopment,e.g.aquacultureandcoastaldevelopmenttoensureappropriateprotectionofourmaritimeheritage.

Geological heritage

Thestate’sgeologicalheritageisveryimportantandprovidesasenseofplaceforSouthAustralians.Thereiscurrentlynospecific legal protection for geological heritagesitesapartfromlistingundertheHeritage Places Act 1993yetthepressuresonthesestateassetscontinuetoincrease.

Residentialdevelopment,coastaldevelopmentssuchasmarinas,mineralandpetroleumexplorationandminingare significant threats. In order to address thethreatsgreaterlegislativeprotectionsandadditionalstatepoliciesaddressingtheprotectionofgeologicalheritagearerequired.

Pages of History Shipwreck Trail on Kangaroo IslandDEHinterpretsthestate’smaritimeheritagesitesthroughnumeroustrails,signs and publications. In 2007 a newShipwreckTrailwasinstalledonKangaroo Island to interpret seven of the most noteworthy of the Island’s manyshipwreckstories.

CalledPagesofHistory,thisnovelinterpretivetrailusescontemporarynewspaperreports,diariesandpersonalaccountstohighlightsignificant aspects of each catastropheandtoprovidevisitorswith a different ‘voice’ in the telling ofthesetales.

Underwater interprative plaque, Wardung

Island. Photo: DEH.

Enhines Portland Maru, North Coast of

Kangaroo Island. Photo: DEH.

Cultural Her i tage


What are we doing about it?

Aboriginal heritage

TheAboriginalAffairsandReconciliationDivisionwithintheDepartmentforPremierandCabinet(AARD)istheresponsibleagencywithingovernmentfortheprotectionofAboriginalheritage.It is committed to developing and promotingAboriginalpeople’srolesinthemanagementoftheAboriginalheritageagenda.

TherecognitionthatAboriginalculturebelongstoAboriginalSouthAustralianswill result in the identification, active managementandmaintenanceofculturebyAboriginalpeople.

AstrategicapproachtoacceleratetherecordingofAboriginalsiteswiththeactiveparticipationoftheappropriateAboriginalgroupshasbeenagreedbytheMinister.Thisinvolvesamulti-facetedapproachcomprisingthefollowinginitiatives:

• Developing partnerships with and between Aboriginal heritage and native title groups.ThishasinvolvedsupportingthedevelopmentofaWorkingRelationshipAgreementbetweentheStateAboriginalHeritageCommittee(appointedtoadvisetheMinister)andtheHeritageSub-CommitteeoftheAboriginalCongress of South Australia Inc. Committees.Thepartieshavesignedthisstate-levelagreement.Atthelocallevel,negotiationsareunderwayacrossthestatebetweenHeritageandNativeTitlecommitteestoachievesimilaroutcomesasthebasisfornegotiationsaboutotherlocallevelheritageinitiatives.

• Enhancing the capacity for Aboriginal groups to manage their heritage and to address their own priorities for recording and conserving sites of significance to them.TrainingprogramshavebeenandcontinuetobeconductedinconjunctionwithFlindersUniversity,forgroupsinsituacrossSouthAustraliaaddressingsiterecordingandconservation.ThiscanenableAboriginalpeopletoworkinpartnershipwithdevelopersandexplorersontherecordingofinformationandcanleadtoincreasedrecordingandreportingofsites.

• Improving the standard of heritage records.Processesaretobenegotiatedwithstakeholdersforimprovementstothestandardofexistingandnewsiterecordstoensuretheinformationispresentedinamannerthatwillensurethesites’protection.

• Encouraging informed decision-making.TheentirerecordsoftheCentralArchiveshavebeendigitisedtoenableconsultationsupportedbyvisualinformation,toencouragemoreinformeddecision-making.

PartnershipsbetweenstakeholdersareessentialifAboriginalheritageistobesuccessfullyprotectedandconserved.Establishingandsupportinglinksbetweenmajorlanduseregimesisimportant.

ThepreservationofAboriginalheritagesites,objectsandhumanremains,isan important aspect of Indigenous LandUseNegotiationAgreements.ThishasresultedinprojectssuchasthedevelopmentofmanagementplansforculturallyimportantsitessuchastheBreakawaysnearCooberPedy.

Aboriginalheritageincorporatesnaturalvaluesaswellasculturalones.TofacilitatethisAARDisworkingwithland and coast care officers, providing adviceandassistancewithculturalheritagemanagementissuestoensuretheprotectionofAboriginalHeritage.TheincreasinginvolvementofAboriginalcommunitiesinNaturalResourceManagementactivitiesthatincorporateculturalheritagemanagementintootherprojectsisensuringthatsiteidentification and protection are integraltotheplanningandexecutionoftheseactivities.

SomefundingforAboriginalparticipationinmaintainingheritagesitesisbeingprovidedthroughNRMprojects.ExamplesincludetheSouthAustralianAridLandsAridRiversNaturalandCulturalHeritageProgram,siteconservationplanningatChowillaintheMurraylandsandgrantfundingfrom the Eyre Peninsula NRM Board. In addition,manyNRMboardsareworkingthroughprotocolsdetailingcontactsandmeasuresforminimisingdamagetoAboriginalheritagesiteswithintheirregions.

Information about the Heritage Act isimportant.AARDhasproducedasetofguidelinesfortheAboriginal

HERITAGE

Key facts – Geologicalher i tage• There are 433 designated

geologicalheritagesites.

• There is no specific legal protectionforgeologicalheritagesites.

Oolgelima Boulder Field. Photo: PIRSA.

Sinkholes in the lower South East. Photo: PIRSA.

Murphy’s Haystacks Photo: PIRSA.


Heritage Act, 1988 toassistpeopletounderstandandcomplywithitsrequirements.ThroughtheseguidelinestheAboriginalHeritageBranchaimstopromoteandmaintainstandardsforsiterecording,surveysandconservationandtoensurequalityandconsistencyinthemanagementandconservationofAboriginalHeritageinSouthAustralia.

Maritime Heritage

• TheDepartmentforEnvironmentandHeritagehasasurveyprograminplacetolocateandrecordshipwrecksinSouthAustralia.Publica-tionshavebeenproducedformostCommonwealthwaterswithplanningcompletedforsurveysofbothGulfsSt.VincentandSpencer.

• DEHundertakessystematicmonitoringandinspectionofsignificant sites thought to be at risk.

• ProtectedZonescontrolledbyanentrypermitprocess,havebeenestablishedfortwooftheState’ssignificant wreck sites in Gulf St. Vincent(surroundingtheZanoniandformerHMASHobart)toofferanincreasedlevelofprotection.

• Partnershipswithcommunityclubsandeducationalinstitutionshavebeenestablishedtosupportsurveyandmonitoringofshipwrecksites.

• Educationalprogramsandinitiativeshavebeenestablishedtoraiseawarenessamongrecreationaldiversandboatownersaboutlegislation concerning, the signifi-canceofandpotentialfordamagetoshipwrecksites.

• DEHisworkingwithauctioneersandotherrelevantpersonstohighlighttheirresponsibilitiesunderHistoricShipwreckslegislation.

• DEHworkswithvolunteersandstaffofmaritimemuseumstocatalogueandconserveshipwreckartefacts.

• TheprovisionsoftheDevelopment Act, 1993 anditsRegulationsprotecthistoricshipwrecksandrelics.Theseensuremonitoringandifneeded,control of development within 500m ofhistoricshipwrecksandrelics.

• Interpretation initiatives such as trails, websitesandpromotionalmaterials,increasepublicawarenessandappreciationofSouthAustralia’sshipwreckheritage.

Geological heritage

AninteractiveDVDentitledGeological Monuments in South Australia producedasajointprojectbytheSouthAustralianDivisionoftheGeologicalSocietyofAustralia and Primary Industries and Resources South Australia (PIRSA) is soontobereleased.Thiswillbewidelyavailabletolandusersandregulatoryauthoritiestobothpromoteandhelpmanagethestate’sgeologicalheritagethatoncedamaged,cannotberestored.

PIRSA liaises closely with the Geological SocietyofAustraliainitsadministrativeprocessesinvolvinggeologicalmonumentsrelatingtoitsmineralandpetroleumdevelopmentandotherplanningandadvice.

Cultural Her i tage


What more should we be doing?

TheEnvironmentProtectionAuthorityrecommendsthefollowing:

R7.3 ReviewtheAboriginalHeritageActtoimprovetherecordingandprotectionofculturalheritage.

AARD Central ArchiveincludingtheRegisterofAboriginalSitesandobjects,GovernmentofSouthAustralia,Adelaide

SA Shipwrecks database,EnvironmentalinformationUnit,DEH,GovernmentofSouthAustralia,Adelaide

References Fur ther in format ion

HERITAGE

Alignment of Recommendations with South Australia’s Strategic Plan targets

Forfurtherdetailon South Australia’s Strategic Plan visitwww.stateplan.sa.gov.auSouth East Coast midden. Photo: DEH.

Aboriginal Affairs and Reconciliation Division www.premcab.sa.gov.au/dpc/department_aard.html

Department for Environment and Heritage - Maritime www.environment.sa.gov.au/heritage/maritime.html

Ships’ Graveyards of South Australia website www.shipsgraveyards.sa.gov.au

Australian Government Department of the Environment, Water, Heritage and the Arts – Shipwrecks www.environment.gov.au/heritage/shipwrecks

Primary Industries and Resources – Geological Monuments www.pir.sa.gov.au/minerals/geology/geological_monuments

Geological Society of Australia www.gsa.org.au/heritage.html

R7.3

Growing Prosperity

Improving Wellbeing


Fostering Creativity and Innovation T4.5



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