““HEAVEN ON EARTH” HEAVEN ON EARTH”

SOCIALISM AND COMMUNISMSOCIALISM AND COMMUNISM

THE SOCIALIST MOVEMENTTHE SOCIALIST MOVEMENT

Socialism is the idea that people can live Socialism is the idea that people can live cooperatively in modern societycooperatively in modern society

Equality of wealth is goalEquality of wealth is goal Capitalism is responsible for many if not all Capitalism is responsible for many if not all

of the evils of the modern industrial worldof the evils of the modern industrial world Idea first surfaces in French RevolutionIdea first surfaces in French Revolution

UTOPIAN SOCIALISTSUTOPIAN SOCIALISTS In early 19In early 19thth century centuryFactories and cities Factories and cities

were breeding were breeding horrible poverty as horrible poverty as well as great wealthwell as great wealth

in Europe and in Europe and AmericaAmerica

ROBERT OWEN ROBERT OWEN Successful cotton Successful cotton

manufacturermanufacturer Founded idealistic Founded idealistic

community at New community at New LanarkLanark

Later founded utopian Later founded utopian community in New community in New Harmony, Indiana, Harmony, Indiana, U.S.U.S.

KARL MARXKARL MARX Born 1818 in what is now Born 1818 in what is now

GermanyGermany Wrote Communist Wrote Communist

Manifesto in 1848, a year Manifesto in 1848, a year of revolutionsof revolutions

Worked for years on Das Worked for years on Das Capital, a critique of Capital, a critique of capitalismcapitalism

Died in 1883 in London Died in 1883 in London with few followers, but with few followers, but created what was called created what was called “scientific socialism”“scientific socialism”

MARX’S MAIN IDEASMARX’S MAIN IDEAS Conflict between social classes was the Conflict between social classes was the

key to understanding all of human historykey to understanding all of human history Bourgeoisie v. Proletariat = Bourgeoisie v. Proletariat = (from Hegel, German philosopher) (from Hegel, German philosopher)

MARX’S MAIN IDEAS CONT’D.MARX’S MAIN IDEAS CONT’D.

GOODS DERIVE THEIR VALUE FROM GOODS DERIVE THEIR VALUE FROM THE LABOR THAT’S PUT INTO THEM – THE LABOR THAT’S PUT INTO THEM – THAT’S SURPLUS VALUE THEORYTHAT’S SURPLUS VALUE THEORY

MARX’S IDEAS, CONT’D.MARX’S IDEAS, CONT’D.

CAPITALISM PRODUCED ALIENATIONCAPITALISM PRODUCED ALIENATION

MARX’S MAIN IDEAS CONT’D.MARX’S MAIN IDEAS CONT’D.

Capitalism was inevitably going to collapse and Capitalism was inevitably going to collapse and revolution would eruptrevolution would erupt

Predicts a “dictatorship of the Proletariat” would come Predicts a “dictatorship of the Proletariat” would come aboutabout

Marx’s followers would be there to guide eventsMarx’s followers would be there to guide events

MARX’S PREDICTIONS AND MARX’S PREDICTIONS AND PRESCRIPTIONSPRESCRIPTIONS

““FROM EACH ACCORDING TO HIS FROM EACH ACCORDING TO HIS ABILITY, TO EACH ACCORDING TO HIS ABILITY, TO EACH ACCORDING TO HIS NEED.”NEED.”

STATE (GOVERNMENT) WOULD STATE (GOVERNMENT) WOULD “WITHER AWAY”“WITHER AWAY”

FRIEDRICH ENGELSFRIEDRICH ENGELS Wealthy son of a Wealthy son of a

German manufacturerGerman manufacturer Helped popularize Helped popularize

Marx’s writings and Marx’s writings and ideas and subsidized ideas and subsidized himhim

““Workers of the Workers of the World, Unite. You World, Unite. You Have Nothing to Lose Have Nothing to Lose But Your Chains.”But Your Chains.”

COMMUNIST MANIFESTOCOMMUNIST MANIFESTO Published in 1848, a Published in 1848, a

year when revolutionsyear when revolutions erupted across erupted across

EuropeEurope

Attacked monarchy,Attacked monarchy, organized religion, theorganized religion, the familyfamily

SOCIALISM BECOMES A SOCIALISM BECOMES A MOVEMENTMOVEMENT

““Comrade”Comrade” The Internationale:The Internationale:

Listen to some cool Listen to some cool commycommy musacmusac

““REVISIONISM”REVISIONISM”

In 1880s, Socialists In 1880s, Socialists are outlawed in are outlawed in GermanyGermany

Edward Bernstein Edward Bernstein publishes publishes “Evolutionary “Evolutionary Socialism”Socialism”

Revolution wasn’t Revolution wasn’t going to happengoing to happen

““THE GOAL IS THE GOAL IS NOTHING, THE NOTHING, THE MOVEMENT IS MOVEMENT IS EVERYTHING”EVERYTHING”

DEMOCRATIC SOCIALISMDEMOCRATIC SOCIALISM

Improve lives of workers through politics Improve lives of workers through politics and lawsand laws

Social Democrat parties emerge in many Social Democrat parties emerge in many countries and eventually become very countries and eventually become very influential in western Europe – e.g. British influential in western Europe – e.g. British Labour party and esp. in GermanyLabour party and esp. in Germany

Advocate “welfare state”Advocate “welfare state”

LENIN and BOLSHEVISMLENIN and BOLSHEVISM Vladimir LeninVladimir Lenin Advocates Violent Advocates Violent

RevolutionRevolution Masses need an elite, Masses need an elite,

disciplined group to disciplined group to start and guide it.start and guide it.

Publishes “Iskra” – Publishes “Iskra” – the “Spark”the “Spark”

LENIN’S IDEASLENIN’S IDEAS

WORLD REVOLUTION WAS THE GOALWORLD REVOLUTION WAS THE GOAL BECAUSE THE GOAL WAS SO BECAUSE THE GOAL WAS SO

IMPORTANT, THE END JUSTIFIED THE IMPORTANT, THE END JUSTIFIED THE MEANSMEANS

LENIN’S IMPACTLENIN’S IMPACT

FOUNDS “BOLSHEVIKS” – FOUNDS “BOLSHEVIKS” – COMMUNISTS WHO LATER TAKE COMMUNISTS WHO LATER TAKE POWER IN RUSSIA. LENIN BECOMES POWER IN RUSSIA. LENIN BECOMES FIRST COMMUNIST LEADER.FIRST COMMUNIST LEADER.

COMMUNISTS REFER TO THEIR COMMUNISTS REFER TO THEIR PHILOSOPHY ASPHILOSOPHY AS

MARXIST-LENINISM.MARXIST-LENINISM.