Heart
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Transcript of Heart
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Heart PositionExternal morphologyRelationsCardiac chambersConductionVesselsPericardium
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Position• Lies within the pericardi
um in middle mediastinum
• Behind the body of sternum and coastal cartilages 2 to 6
• In front of thoracic vertebrae 5 to 8
• A third of it lies to the right of median plan and 2/3 to the left
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External morphology
one apex,one base,two surfacesthree bordersthree grooves
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the apex formed by the left ventriclethe base faces backward,upward and to the right. Formed mainly by the left atrium and partly by the right atrium.two surfaces: sternocostal and diaphragmatic surfacesthree borders: right,left and inferior borders *the cardiac apecal incisure is on the inferior border and right to the apex *atrioventricular crux is a point of the coronary and posterior interventricular grooves. It is a important superficial markthree grooves: coronary groove ant. interventricular groove post. interventricular groove
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Chambers• right atrium• right ventricle• left atrium• left ventricle
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—two parts(divided by the terminal crest) ant.part atrium proper post.part sinus *four openings orifice of the sup.vena cava
orifice of the inf.vena cava inlet orifice of the coronary sinus
the right atrioventricular orifice---outlet
*the fossa ovalis (oval foramen) *the triangle of Kock(tricuspid valves , orifice of the coronary sinus, tendon of todaro)
Atrioventricular node is located in.
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Right ventricle
pulmonary valvetricuspid valves chordae tendineaepapillary muscles(3 groups)
inflow tracts outflow tracts(divided by the supraventricular crest)
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Left atrium
left auricle —five openings*four orifices of the pulmonary veins*the left atrioventricular orifice
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Left ventricle
※ the papillary muscles(2 groups)
inflow and outflow tracts(divided by the ant.cusp of the bicuspid valves)
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structurethe walls of the heart3 layers—endocardium *continue with the lining of the large
blood vessels—myocardium *2 kinds: the ordinary cardiac muscle
s the specially m.— epicardium
• Septum interatrial septum----Oval fossa interventricular septum----Membranous part
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Conduction SystemIt is consists of the special
cardiac muscles
5 parts: sinoatrial nodeatrioventricular node,atrio-ventricular bundleLeft and right branchesPurkinje fibers.
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—The sinoatrial node(SAN) *It is lies the junction between the right auricle and the sup.vena cava —The atrioventricular node(AVN) *It is lies in the lower portion of the interatrial septum just above the orifice of the coronary sinus—Purkinje fibers
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The vessels of the heart
The arteries—the right coronary a.*arise from the right aortic sinus and runs along th
e right portion of the coronary groove*2 branches: post.interventricular branch post.branch of the left venticle*To supply right atrium,right ventriclepost.1/3 of the interventricular septum,the diaphragmatic surface of left ventricle,the SAN and AVN. —The left coronary a. *arises from the left aortic sinus *2 branches: ant.interventricular br. circumflex br. *To supply the left atrium,left ventricle,the ant. su
rface of the right ventricle,ant.2/3 of the interventricular septum,sometimes, supply the
SAN and AVN.
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2. The veins of the heart —The coronary sinus *It lies in the post.portion of the coronary sulcus between the left atrium and left ventricle *It opens into the right atrium *It receives: **the great cardiac v. **the middle cardiac v. **small cardiac v. —the other veins opening into the right atrium directly *the ant. cardiac v. *the smallest v.
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Pericardium 1. It comprises 2 sacs: —the fibrous pericardium —the serous pericardium: *parietal layer *visceral layer2.The pericardial cavity: —the transverse sinus —the oblique sinus
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Pericardium sinus• Transverse sinus of pericardium - posterior to ascending aorta
and pulmonary trunk, anterior to superior vena cava and left atrium.• Oblique sinus of pericardium - cul-de-sac , posterior to heart, b
ounded by pulmonary veins on either side