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Transcript of Health Bridge Indonesia TC Report 07
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Supporting the FCTC Process in Indonesia
Final Narrative and Financial Report
April 2007
Prepared for: International Health Division, International Affairs Directorate, HealthPolicy Branch, Health Canada
Prepared by: HealthBridge (formerly known as PATHCanada)
Agreement Number: 6808-06-2006/6800063
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SUPPORTINGTHEFCTCPROCESSININDONESIA: FINALREPORT 1
HEALTHBRIDGE
SupportingtheFCTCProcessinIndonesia
FinalNarrativeReport
Background
Indonesiais
currently
experiencing
atobacco
epidemic.
With
asmoking
prevalence
rate
of
31.5%(andmorethan60%inruralareas),thecountryhasthefifthhighesttobaccoconsumption
rateintheworld.Inaddition,tobaccoconsumptionhasincreasedsteadilysincethe1970s.For
example,smokingprevalenceamongadults15yearsandolderincreasedfrom26.9%in1995,to
31.5%in2001.Indonesiaisalsothe7thlargesttobaccoproducingcountry.
MostofthecountrieslocatedinWHOsSouthEastAsianRegion(SEAR)havedemonstrateda
strongcommitmenttotheWHOFrameworkConventiononTobaccoControl(FCTC).
Indonesia,however,isanexceptionthereismuchapathyonthepartoftheGovernmentto
accedetotheFCTCandimplementtobaccocontrolpolicies. Asaverypopulouscountrywith
virtuallynotobaccocontrolactivitiesinplace(orevenplanned),substantialgovernment
supportfor
tobacco
production
and
trade,
and
no
strong
NGOs
able
to
counter
the
tobacco
industry,Indonesiaisakeycountrytosupport.
InordertobuildthecapacityofNGOstoadvocatefortobaccocontrolinIndonesia,the
IndonesianPublicHealthAssociation,theSouthEastAsiaTobaccoControlAlliance(SEATCA),
andHealthBridgehostedanadvocacytrainingworkshopforpotentialpartnersinIndonesiain
May2006. Theobjectiveofthetrainingwastoenableadvocatestoidentifyandunderstand
prioritytobaccocontrolissuesinIndonesia,providethemwithbasicadvocacyskills,identify
costeffectiveresourcesthatcouldbeutilizedforadvocacy,anddevelopaconcreteissue
specificactionplanforfutureadvocacyinitiatives.
Theparticipantswereselectedusingcriteriadevelopedcollectivelybylocalandinternational
resourcepersons.Participantsrepresentedorganizationstraditionallyinvolvedintobacco
controlaswellasnewplayersinthefield.Organizationsattendingthetrainingincludedthe
HeartFoundation,CancerFoundation,IndonesiaWomenAgainstTobacco,JakartaCitizen
Forum,NationalScoutOrganizationanduniversitystudentbodies.
Followingthetraining,theIndonesianparticipantorganizationssubmittedadvocacyproposals.
SEATCAcollaboratedwithHealthBridgetosupportfouroftheseproposalsthroughsmall
grants.HealthBridgesProgrammeDirectorprovidedtechnicalassistanceasrequiredbythose
grantees.
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SUPPORTINGTHEFCTCPROCESSININDONESIA: FINALREPORT 2
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GoalsandObjectives
Theoverallpurposeofthisprojectwasto improvethecapacityofIndonesiantobaccocontrol
advocatestocontributetothedevelopmentoftobaccocontrolpoliciesinIndonesia.Itsspecific
objectiveswere:
1. Tostrengthen
policy
efforts
in
Indonesia
by
ensuring
the
creation
and
carrying
out
of
concise,strategicplansforthecountrytoaccedetoandimplementtheFCTC.
2. Tosupportasmall,targetednumberofNGOstoworkdirectlywithgovernmentandmedia
ontheFCTC.
ActivitiesandOutputs
Thefollowinghighlightstheprimaryactivitiesundertakenandoutputsandoutcomesachieved
throughthisproject.
Objective1:StrengthenpolicyeffortsinIndonesiabyensuringthecreationandcarryingoutofconcise,strategicplansforthecountrytoaccedetoandimplementtheFCTCActivity
11:
Assist
advocates
in
fine
tuning
their
plans
to
meet
project
objectives.
Activity12:Helpadvocatestoturntheiractionplansintoconciseproposals.
Activity13:Reviewproposalsandselectgrantrecipients.
ThesmallgrantapplicationandreviewprocessledbySEATCAandHealthBridgetookplaceas
planned,followingtheoriginallyscheduledtimeline.Unfortunately,thismeantthatthereview
andselectionprocesswascompletedbeforeHealthCanada fundingwasofficiallyconfirmed.
Therefore, all Health Canada funding, and HealthBridge technical assistance supportedby
HealthCanada,wasreallocatedtosupportactivitiesundertakeninsupportofObjective2.This
didnot,however,affecttheultimateoutcomesoftheproject.
Objective2:Supportasmall,targetednumberofNGOstoworkdirectlywithgovernmentandmediaontheFCTCActivity21:Provide small grants to selectedprojects that strategically facilitate Indonesia to
accedetoandimplementtheFCTC.
Activity22:ProvideongoingtechnicalassistanceandcapacitybuildingtoIndonesianpartners.
Activity23:Supervisegrantprojects.
Activity24:Organizeafollowupreview/monitoring/trainingmeetingforIndonesiantobacco
controladvocates.
WithadministrativesupportfromSEATCA,HealthBridgefundedthreeadvocacyprojectsand
theupdatingofatobaccocontrolsourcebook.
No Organization ProjectTitle ProjectSpecificObjectives
1 NationalCommission
forChildProtection
(NCCP)
AdvocacyforYouth
ProtectionMeasures
intheTobacco
ControlLaw
Enactmentoftobaccocontrollawwithprovisionson:
1.Comprehensivebanontobaccoadvertising
2.Prohibitionofthesaleofcigarettesinsinglesticks
andkiddypacks
3.Prohibitionofsaleoftobaccoproductsbyminors
4.Childrensrighttosmokefreepublicareas
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2 IndonesianForumof
Parliamentarianson
Populationand
Development(IFPPD)
Facilitatingyouth
interfacewith
Parliamentariansfor
enactmentof
tobaccocontrollaw
1.To increaseyouthunderstandingof tobaccocontrol
policyscenario
2.Togetcommitment fromyoungpeople tourge the
parliamentininitiatingtobaccocontrollaw
3.Todevelopyouthabilityforpolicyadvocacy
3Indonesian
Planned
Parenthood,West
Jawa(IPP)
Advocacy
for
smoke
freeschool
regulationin
Bandung
1.
Increase
Stakeholder
awareness
to
stop
tobacco
consumptionamongstudentsinBandungWestJava
andmobilizetheirsupportinadvocatinglocal
governmenttomakesmokefreeschoolspolicy.
2.Supportaregionalpolicyonsmokefreeschools.
4. IndonesianPublic
HealthAssociation
(IPHA)
UpdatingTobacco
ControlSource
BookforIndonesia
1.ToupdateIndonesiaTobaccoSourceBook2004
2.Todisseminatethesourcebooktotobaccocontrol
workersandrelatedagenciesinIndonesiaandrelated
internationalorganizations
SpecificProjectOutputs
Project1:
Advocacy
for
Youth
Protection
Measures
in
the
Tobacco
Control
Law
Objective:Advocate for inclusionofyouthprotectionmeasures in thenational tobaccocontrol
lawandenlistmentofthedraftbillfordiscussionintheNationalLegislationProgramof2007of
theIndonesianParliament
Activities Outputs
Roadshowsin10schools Youth gained acknowledge about the misleading marketing
practicesofthetobaccoindustry.
Youth were motivated and inspired to get involved in tobacco
controladvocacy.
CapacityBuildingfor
motivatedyouth
leaders
Youth learned about the tobacco control scenario in Indonesiaand
advocacystrategies
for
policy
change
YouthwerepreparedtorepresentIndonesiasfuturegenerationand
advocatetobaccocontrolpoliciestolegislators
EstablishmentofTobaccoFreeYouthForum
Representationto
CommissionVIIIof
Parliamentdealingwith
Childprotection
Legislators of Commission VIII signed the youth petition and
affirmedtheirsupporttoprotectchildrenfromtobaccosharm
Mediacoverage(printandelectronic)(Appendix1)
Representationto
CommissionXof
Parliamentdealingwith
environmentalconcerns
Legislators of Commission X signed the youth petition to protect
childrenfromtobacco
Mediacoverage(printandelectronic)
YouthMeetings Prepared for advocacy events, presentations and petitions to the
Parliamentarians
Youthrepresentative
presentedtheirdemands
toParliamentariansat
IFPPDsseminar
Chairman of House of Representatives was movedby the youth
presentationand further calledon theLegislationBody (Baleg) to
include TC Law in National Legislation Program (Prolegnas)
immediately.(Appendix2)
MeetingwithChairmanof ChairmancalledontheLegislationBody(Baleg)toincludeTCLaw
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HouseofRepresentatives
(AgungLaksono)
inNationalLegislationProgram(Prolegnas)of2007
StreetRally&Press
Conference
Mediacoverage
PreparationofaNational
Childrens
Congress
YouthcalltothePresidentofIndonesiatoenactTCDraftLaw.
Project2:FacilitatingyouthinterfacewithParliamentarianstoenacttobaccocontrollaw
Objective:Tomobilizeparliamentarianstolistdrafttobaccocontrolbillinthelegislationplanfor
2007andthuspreventyouthexposuretoindustrytacticsandsmoking.
Activities Outputs
YouthCoreGroup
Meeting
Commitmentfromtheyouthtoinfluencetheparliamentariansinorder
toprotect them from theharmcausedby tobaccoproductsand tobe
peeradvocates
YouthSeminar
at
the
Parliamentopenedby
SpeakerofParliament
(Appendix2)
1.Inputsfrom
youth
to
strengthen
Parliamentarians
initiative
on
the
draftbilltobelistedintheLegislationPlanfor2007.
2.Youth commitment to advocate their peers in support of tobacco
controleffortatschools/universitiesandtheirsurrounding.
3.Signatures from youth and Parliamentarians on commitment to
tobacco control legislation Fact sheets produced for the
Parliamentariansandmedia(Appendix6)
Pressconferences Responding to theyouthvoice,LegislationBodyand factions (political
parties)urgedtogiveseriousattentionandacceleratethediscussionon
the Bill on Controlling the Impact of Tobacco Products on Health. In
addition, increased awareness of tobacco industry manipulation of
reportingon
tobacco
control
Project3:AdvocacyforsmokefreeschoolregulationinBandungObjective:Toinfluencethelocalgovernmenttodevelopasmokefreeschoolspolicy.
Activities Outputs
YouthMeeting Recommendation andpetitionfromyouthdemandingsmokefree
schools
Stakeholder&
CommunityMeeting
Recommendation&supportfrom10institutionsthatareinfluencialfor
smokefreeschooladvocacy.
Regulations
on
smoke
freeschools Draft
regulation
will
be
produced
Mediaadvocacykit Promotionalandinformationmaterialswillbeproduced
Meetingswithallies
andgovernment
representatives
Supportgainedfromalliesandgovernmentfordraftregulation
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Project4:Tobaccocontrolsourcebook
Objective:Toupdatethe2004IndonesiaTobaccoControlSourceBook
1.Establishateamtoupdatethebook
Writingteam:WidyastutiSoerojo,WidyastutiWibisana,AbdilahAhsan,SriNurwati,
SoeharsonoSoemantri
LocalPartnerscontributedinputandtechnicalassistance:CoordinatorofNationalHealth
Survey(danDwiHapsari)fromtheNationalInstituteofHeathResearchand
Development,MinistryofHealthandSunaryo,astaffmemberoftheDirectorateof
Customs,MinistryofFinance
Overallreview:ShobaJohn,HealthBridgeProgramDirector,BungonRittiphakdee,
SEATCACoordinator,andMenchiVelasco,SEATCAResearchCoordinator.
2.Outlineofthebookdeveloped(Appendix3)
3.Chapterdraftscompleted
4.Chaptersfinalizedwithinputsfromreviewers(ExecutivesummaryattachedasAppendix4)
5.Dissemination
a)Electronicversion(followingfinalediting)willbeputontheIndonesiantobaccocontrol
websiteandwillbeavailableinPDFformatforfurtherusebyMinistryofHealth,media,
andthetobaccocontrolcommunity
b)Hardcopieswillbeproducedanddistributedtorelevantagenciesatthelocal,national,
andinternationallevels.
TechnicalAssistanceProvidedbyHealthBridgetotheProjects
HealthBridgesProgrammeDirectorbasedinIndia(ShobaJohn)maintainedongoing
communicationwiththegranteesandprovidedregulartechnicalassistancetotheprojects,
onsiteandoveremailsandvoiceoverinternetcommunication.ShevisitedJakartainNovember
2007,two
months
into
project
implementation,
to
assess
progress
and
assist
implementation
of
advocacyplans.Aonedaymonitoringmeetingwiththegranteeswasorganizedandwork
planswererevisited,challengesidentified,andalternativestrategiesdeveloped.Thegrantees
werehelpedtomodifytheirworkplansinlinewiththerevisedstrategies.
Ms.JohnalsoassistedIFPPD&NCCPtorecognizethesynergicgoalsoftheirindividual
projectsinacceleratingtheenactmentofnationallawandfacilitateddevelopmentofjointwork
plansandsharingresources.Thishelpedtoincreasethereachoftheprojecttotheirrespective
constituenciesandavoiddelaysandduplicationofefforts.
InameetingwithIFPPDmanagementandstaff,Ms.Johnfacilitatedtheidentificationof
strategies
to
counter
tobacco
industrys
attempt
to
legitimize
its
opposition
to
the
draft
tobacco
controlbillbycollaboratingwiththeUniversityofIndonesia. Shepersonallyattendedand
supportedawalkoutfromtheUniversityseminarchallengingthedraftbill.Shealsoprovided
inputstoIPPasitrefineditsplanstomatchlocalneedsandtimelines. Itprovidedconceptual
clarityonkeycomponentofsmokefreepolicies.
Ms.JohnassistedtheTobaccoSourceBookteamtodevelopitsframeworkandfinalizethe
outline.TheChapterauthorswerethendirectedtopotentialsourcesofinformationrelevantfor
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theupdate. Thedraftswerereviewedandfeedbackprovided.AlongwithSEATCA,Ms.John
metthechapterauthorsinJakartaandfinalizedthechapters.Shemaintainedregular
communicationwiththeProjectCoordinatorandauthorsthroughouttheprocessandoffered
helptodealwithhumanresourceanddatarelatedchallenges.
Ms.
John
organized
a
second
meeting
with
the
project
implementers
in
Jakarta
in
March
2007,duringwhichsheassessedtheprojectsprogressinmeetingtheirobjectives,
helpedtheteamidentifyandsharethelessonslearned,anddiscussedtermination
plans.Inaddition,asacapacitybuildingmeasure,shehelpedrefineNCCPsstatement
onPhilipMorrissdeceptionofIndonesianyouthattheAltriashareholdersmeeting.
HealthBridgealsolinkedmembersoftheprojectteamstointernationalnetworksand
resourcessuchasatGlobalinkandGlobalSmokefreePartnership.
Atthesametime,Ms.JohnvisitedandworkedwiththetobaccocontrolfocalpointintheNon
CommunicableDiseasesDivisionoftheIndonesianMinistryofHealthandhiscounterpartin
theWHOcountryoffice.HealthBridgesaccesstotheGovernmentwasutilisedinseeking
informationand
support
from
the
Government
for
local
tobacco
control
policies.
Ms.
John
persuadedtheWHOAssistantDirectorGeneraltoutiliseherimpendingvisittospecifically
seekIndonesianGovernmentssupportforaccessiontoFCTCandenactmentofnational
tobaccocontrollaw.
OutcomesAchieved
Thekeyoutcomesachievedthroughthisprojectwere:
1.Pressurebuiltfornationalandlocaltobaccocontrolpolicies
The seed grants with focused and strategic policy goals helped to build momentum and
environments
conducive
to
moving
forward
with
the
development
and
implementation
of
local
andnationaltobaccocontrolpolicies.
NCCP successfullybuilt a formidable youth pressure group, which in limited time gained
mediaandGovernmentattention.Thisgroup inturnhasunlimitedpotentialasastakeholder
group in keeping youth concerns on the agenda of the legislators and accelerating the
parliamentarylegislativeprocess.
IFPPD (the Parliamentarians initiative on developmental issues), through this project, has
managed to mobilize increased support from key leaders in the Parliament for the tobacco
controlbillitispilotingintheParliament.
IPPsstrengthisintheprovincesandinworkingwithchildren,parentsandtheschoolsystem.
ThisgivestheminroadstotheEducationalBoardthathastoformulatetheSmokefreeSchool
decree. Having branches in several provinces, IPPs efforts to make smokefree school
regulationsinWestJavacouldpotentiallybecomeamodelforotherprovincesinIndonesiato
initiatelocalsmokefreeinitiatives,evenasthenationallawisyettobecompleted.
TheTobaccoControlSourcebook thathasbeenupdatedwill serveasa resource forvarious
mediaandpolicyefforts. It isbeing referred to in the local tobaccocontroldiscussions,even
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beforeitsformalpublication;thisindicatesitspotentialtobeacredibleinformationsourcefor
localandinternationalagencies.
2.EmergingleadershipinIndonesiantobaccocontrolfostered
Theseedgrantsenabledtherecipients,allrecententrantsinIndonesiantobaccocontrol,togain
greatervisibility
with
the
media
and
the
Government
and
within
the
development
community.
Thiswillenhancetheirplanstofurtherimprovetobaccocontrolpoliciesinthecountry.Thefact
that youth from NCCP were invited to address the media alongside Parliamentarians
exemplifiesthelongertermimpactoftheproject.TobaccocontrolmovementinIndonesiahas
beenabletoidentifyintheChairoftheHouseofRepresentativesanadvocateforitscause.This
couldhelpinmobilisingfurthersupportinensuringthatthetobaccocontrolbillishighlighted
intheParliamentslegislativeprogrammeforthecomingyear.
3.CollaborativepartnershipscreatedinIndonesiantobaccocontrol
NCCPandIFPPDworkedcollaborativelytowardstheirsynergeticgoals.Theirworkplanswere
developed and implemented in a consultative manner. Resources were shared to maximize
their efficiencyand toavoidpotentialduplication.Theorganisationsand theirconstituencieshave developed a trusting relationship that could stimulate further collaborative efforts in
tobaccocontrol.
4.Contributionsmadetointernationaltobaccocontrol
Activities supported through the Health Canadafunded small grants have improved the
capacity of the grant implementers and increased their visibility in international tobacco
control.This in turncouldhelp them tobe resourcesandmodels forother similar initiatives
whilealsoattractingadditionalresourcesfortheirownwork.
The NCCPs Project Officer has come to be closely connected with Essential Action, an
internationaltobacco
control
network
that
challenges
industry
manipulations.
She
was
selected
bythenetwork torepresentglobalandIndonesianyouth inraisingtheirconcernsatthe2007
Altria(formerlyPhilipMorris)ShareholdersMeetinginEastHanover,NewJersey.
IFPPDeffectivelyutiliseditsmembershipinGlobalinktoseekinformationfromcountriesthat
have evaluated the impact of FCTC ratification on tobacco farming and employment, for
movingthetobaccocontrolbillintheirParliamentsagenda.(Appendix5)
TheleadauthoroftheTobaccoControlSourcebookfromIPHAhasbeeninvitedtoparticipate
ontheSteeringCommitteeoftheGlobalSmokeFreePartnership.
Conclusion
Overall the small grants for advocacy projects havebeen a success and have facilitated the
trainingandequippingofanewgroupofconfidentadvocatesinIndonesia.Moreimportantly,
they have initiated advocacy activities that contribute to tobacco control policies atboth the
localandnational levels. It is important that theadvocacyefforts thatwere startedcontinue.
Hence continued support to this group is also important. HealthBridge and SEATCA are
committed to work closely with the Indonesian tobacco control network to support and
strengthentheseadvocatestobeactivecontributorstotobaccocontrolpoliciesinIndonesia.
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Appendix 1:Media CoveragefromAdvocacyfor Youth ProtectionMeasures in the
TobaccoControlLawProject
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activist urges ban on sale (2552x3352x24b jpeg)
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batasi peredaran rokok (2552x3368x24b jpeg)
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anti tobacco-jakarta post (1352x2052x24b jpeg)
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activist urges ban on sale2 (1496x2336x24b jpeg)
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Appendix2:PhotographsfromAdvocacyforYouthProtectionMeasuresintheTobacco
ControlLawProject
Petition from Tobacco Free Indonesian
Children Forum, March 28, 2007 accepted by Honorable HR Agung Laksono
Seminar at Parliament BuildingMarch 28, 2007
Press Conference at Parliament Building (Honourable HR
Agung Laksono,Mrs. Aisyah H. Baidlowi, and Youth Reps, March 28, 2007
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Appendix3:TobaccoSourceBook2007Outline
CHAPTER1 SmokingPrevalence
1.1 GeneralPrevalence
1.2 TobaccoUseamongPopulationSubGroups
1.3
Ageat
Initiation
of
Smoking
1.4 PrevalenceofPassiveSmokers
CHAPTER2 MorbidityandMortalityfromTobaccoUse
2.1 Morbidity
2.2 Mortality
2.3 HealthCareCostsfromTobaccoRelatedDiseases
CHAPTER3 TobaccoProduction,TradeandIndustry
3.1 TobaccoCultivation
3.2 ProductionandTrade
3.3
TobaccoManufacturing
3.4 TobaccoEmployment
3.5 MarketShareofCigaretteManufacturers
3.6 TobaccoExciseTaxRevenue
CHAPTER4 TobaccoConsumptionandEconomicImpact
4.1 CigaretteDomesticConsumption
4.2 AnnualPerCapitaConsumption
4.3 MonthlyAverageCigaretteConsumption
4.4 CigarettePriceandTaxes
4.5
Tobaccoand
Poverty
4.6 PerCapitaIncomeandMinimumWages
4.7 TobaccoSmokingandFireHazards
CHAPTER5 TobaccoControlMeasures
5.1 TobaccoControlLaw
5.2 ControlofTobaccoProduct
5.3 ProtectionForNonSmokers
5.4 TobaccoTaxation
5.5
Health
Education
5.6 CessationServices
5.7 Organizations
CHAPTER6 ResearchonTobaccoUseandTobaccoControl
6.1 ExistingStudies
6.2 ResearchGapsandRecommendationsforFutureStudies
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Appendix4:2007TobaccoControlCountryProfile;ExecutiveSummary
Tobaccouseandhealthrisks
Morethan50millionsmokersinIndonesiaspent,onaverage11.5%oftheirmonthlyhousehold
expendituresoncigarettesin2004,20%increasefromtheyear2001;thepoorestspentmoreon
cigarettes(11%)
than
the
richest
(9.7%).
Smoking
is
estimated
to
kill
427,948
people
annually,
about1172personsperday.Halfoftobaccorelateddeathsareamongpeopleintheirmost
economicallyproductiveyears.Thenegativehealthimpactsoftobaccousehavelongbeen
establishedandlungcanceristheworldsleadingcauseofpreventabledeaths.Basedonthe
mortalitystudyoftheNationalHealthSurvey2001,therelativeriskorlungcancerswere
calculatedashighas8.17andtheestimateddeathswere36,832.
Twooutofthreemalesareactivesmokers.Sixtysevenpercentmaleswithnoeducationordo
notfinishprimaryschoolsmokecomparedto48%universitygraduated.Despiteextremelyfast
growingofcigaretteconsumption,theworryingtrendsinIndonesiaarethelargenumbersof
youngpeoplewhobegintosmokeeachyearandappeartobestartingatyoungerage.The
averageage
of
uptake
in
1995
was
18.8
years
and
continuously
declined
to
18.3
years
in
2001
and17.4yearsin2004.Thevastmajorityofsmokersstartbeforetheyreach19yearsold.The
percentageincreasedfrom68%in2001to78%in2004withthehighestincreaseoccurringinthe
youngestagegroupof59yearsfrom0.4%in2001to1.8%in2004.
Traditionallywomenhavenotsmoked,butthe2004datashowedremarkableincreaseinfemale
smokingprevalenceinallincomeandeducationgroupsfromaaverageof1.3%in2001to4.5%
in2004.Becausediseaseriskbuildsovertimewithsmoking,recentincreasesinrelativelyshort
periodwillaffecthealthoutcomesandeconomicburdeninfutureyears.
In2004,almost3in4Indonesianhouseholdshadatleastonesmokerathomeand84%smokers
15years
and
above
smoke
at
home
in
the
presence
of
family
members.
Eight
of
10
students
wereexposedtotobaccosmokeinpublicplaces.Itisestimatedthatover45millionadultsre
passivesmokersintheirhomesamongwhom37millionwerewomen,4timeshigherthanmen.
The2001datashowedthat70%children014yearswereexposedtopassivesmokeintheir
homes.Extensivestudiesonsecondhandsmokeconfirmedthatpassivesmokeisharmfulto
humanhealthandchildrenareparticularlyvulnerable.
TobaccoProduction,TradeandIndustry
Thelanddevotedtotobaccocultivationisrelativelystableat1.2%oftotalarablelandformore
than40years.With16%expansionoftheabsolutewidthofarablelandforthepast4decades,
increase
in
tobacco
farming
was
insignificantly
from
224
ha
in
1961
to
259
ha
in
2003.
This
gives
ananticipationofthemostprobablegrowthoftobaccofarmersrelativetotheincreasing
demandfortobaccoleafsuppliestosupporttheextensivetobaccoproductionduringthesame
periodof1961(35.5Billionsticks)to2003(186Billionsticks).Tobaccoleafimportistheanswer.
Beginningearly90s,thequantityofimportedtobaccoleafpassedtheexport,thensharplywent
downfrom47tonsto17tonsin19971998duetothesavingofforeigncurrencyreservesduring
theeconomiccrisis.Althoughthequantityofexportexceedingtheimport,butinmonetary
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term,thevaluewasmuchlower.In2004,thenetexportvaluereachedUS$30Mandranged
betweenUS$27MUS$54Minthepast10years.
Indonesiacontributesabout2.1%ofglobaltobaccoleafproduction;Almost67%oftheworlds
supplyoftobaccoleafcomesfromChina,Brazil,IndiaandtheUnitedStatesofAmerica.
Productionoftobaccoleavesfluctuatesovertimeindicatedthattobaccofarmingisnotastable
job.
Thenumberoftobaccofarmersremainedat1.5Mforthepast3years20002003,accountedfor
3.7%ofworkersattheagriculturalsectordespitethefactthattobaccofarmingisnotafulltime
job.Farmersdonotrelysolelyontobaccotomaketheirliving.ThenumberofFullTime
Equivalenttobaccofarmerswas647,750or1.5%ofworkersinagriculturalsectorin2003.
Cigaretteproductionin2005wasreported220Bafterdecreasesintwoconsecutiveyears2003
2004thatwasinterpretedasresultingfromrealcigarettepriceincreaseduring19982002.The
annualtaxincreasewasfrozenin20032004toboostcigaretteproduction.Concurrentlythe
MinistryofFinancefoundcounterfeitedtaxthatcausedrevenuelossamountedRp150B.
ThemarketshareofcigarettesinIndonesiawasdominatedbythreelargecompanies:GudangGaram(32%),Djarum(23%)andHMSampoerna(19%).AfterPhillipMorriestookover
Sampoernainmid2005,themarketshareshiftedwithPhillipMorrisSampoernainthesecond
rank(26%)afterGudangGaram(31.7%)andDjarumbecamethethird(17.2%).
Thenumberofworkersintobaccomanufacturingwas265,364in2002thataccountedfor1.2%
ofthetotalindustryworkers.Ironicaltotherevenuesgainedbythreegianttobaccoindustries,
theaveragemonthlywagesoftobaccoworkerswere6788%ofthemonthlywagesinfood
manufacturingand4964%ofthewagesinallindustries.Itdispelsthemyththattobacco
productionisbeneficialtotheworkersengageinit.
TobaccoConsumption
and
Economic
Implications
Indonesiaranksfifthamongcountrieswithhighestcigaretteconsumptionthatconsumed173B
stickscigarettesin2004.Inlinewiththereporteddataondecreasesincigaretteduring2003
2004,consumptiondeclinedto930percapitaperyearinthesameyears.
Theseeminglydramaticdecreasethatwasassociatedwiththepriorincreaseinrealcigarette
pricemaynotbetherealcasebecauseoftheinelasticdemandfortobaccoasanaddictive
commodityandtheaffordabilityofcigarettesinIndonesia.
CigarettepricesarecheapinIndonesia.UsingMarlboroasanindextocompareaffordability
amongcountries,Indonesiaranksthelowest.
Increasingtobacco
consumption
in
the
past
few
years
was
alarming.
The
poorest
spent
more
on
cigarettethantherichest.Proportionoftobaccoexpendituresinpoorhouseholdspersistently
increasingfrom8%in1996to13.3%in2003,whilemoneyspentoncarbohydratewere
decreasingfrom28%to19%duringthesameyears.Thishasgivenconsiderablyextraburden
forthelimitedhouseholdresourcesofthepoortocoverbasicneeds,nottomentionthecostsfor
treatingdiseasesattributedtotobaccoconsumption.
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Tobaccotaxrevenuesin2005reachedRp32,65trillionthataccountedfor6.7%oftotaldomestic
revenuesand9.8%oftaxrevenues.
Indonesiaappliestieredtaxationsystem,i.e.differenttaxratesfordifferenttypesofproducts
andproductionvolume.Beginning2007,thegovernmentappliesspecifictaxperstickranging
fromRp7,Rp5andRp3forlarge,mediumandsmallindustriesrespectivelyinadditiontothe
existingtieredtaxation.Inproportion,smallerindustrywillgethigherincrease.
TobaccoControlMeasures
Indonesiahassomeoftheweaknesstobaccocontrollegislationintheworld.Despitenostrong
regulationinplace,IndonesiaistheonlycountryinAsiaPacificRegionthatdidnotsignnor
accededtotheFCTC.
Thetobaccodraftbillfailedtobeincludedin2007nationallegislationagenda.Inspiteofthe
politicalbarriers,theleastresistancemeasuresisinplaceinsomelocalities.SmokeFreepolicyis
beginningtotakeplacealthoughwilltakelongertimetofullyimplement.
Thereis
almost
no
restriction
to
all
types
of
advertisements,
sponsorship
and
promotion.
Health
warningbecomesthesecondrelativelypromisingmeasurethantotaladvertisingbanandprice
andtaxpolicy.Preliminarystudyonpictorialwarningisunderway.
Tobaccocontrolorganizationsarebeginningtotakeshape,drivenbyexposureswithtobacco
controlalliancesoutsidethecountry.Thenewemergingnetworksareactivelyinvolvedin
advocacyforpolicychange.
Evidenceiscriticaltosupportpolicyadvocacy.Besidestheexistingresearch,thereare
identifiedinformationgapsthatrequirefurtherstudies.
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Appendix5:IFPPDs use of International Network, Globalink
From:Ms. Itsnaeni AbbasTo:General MessagesSent: Tuesday, December 26, 2006 4:24 PM
Subject: Need some data on FCTC Implementation
Next week, we will have a meeting with expert staff of Legislation Body in parliament. They will reviewour draft bill (Controlling the Impact of Tobacco Product on Health) and give comments on it. They willsubmit back to the speaker of parliament whether the draft bill should be put in National LegislationProgram for 2007.
Therefore, we need some comparative studies or success stories from other countries about FCTC(before and after implementation). Also, we need some researches on the impact of FCTC ratification
in other countries, especially the impact on employment and farming. Because they will make somelists of comparison with other countries in order to put in National Legislation Program for 2007.
Regards,Itsnaeni AbbasProgram OfficerIndonesian Forum of Parliamentarians on Population and Development (IFPPD)Nusantara I Building, 12th Floor, Room 1211DPR RIJl. Jend. Gatot Subroto, SenayanJakarta 10270Phone: +6221-5756395, 70608262, 5737422Fax: +6221-5756366, 5737422
Mobile: +6221818196072e-mail: [email protected]: http://www.ifppd.org/...
This message was sent using GLOBALink Email Platform
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Appendix6:FactsheetsandPetitionsProducedbyIFPPDinBahasaIndonesia
1. KabarBurukdariNegeriTerpuruk=BadNewsfromtheHeavenofSmokers
2. TuhanSembilanSenti=TheNineCentimeterGod:DoyoupreferyourpeopleworshipIT?
3. PetisiAnakIndonesia=PetitionofIndonesianChildren
4.Politik
Cukai
dan
Kedermawanan
Industri
Rokok
=A
Twisted
Mind
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KABAR BURUK DARI NEGERI TERPURUK
Bukan kereta sembarang keretaKereta ini putih sekali
Bukan berita sembarang beritaBerita ini sedih sekali
Kemarin di negeri kita 156 orang meninggal duniaTapi anehnya di koran tidak ada itu beritaTak di radio, tak di televisi, tak satu pun di media
Apakah ada pemboikotan yang begitu merata?Padahal kejadian ini sudah bertahun-tahun lamanya
Setiap hari tercatat 156 orang mati
Lebih ngeri dari bom Kuningan, bom Mariott, dan bom BaliLebih dahsyat ketimbang bencana banjir bandang dan gunung api
Yang masing-masing itu terjadi Cuma satu kaliTermasuk gempa dan gemuruh tsunamiCelakanya, tak tampak oleh mata kita korban sebanyak iniKarena dia menyebar merata di seluruh negeriDan fenomena maut yang satu iniBertahun-tahun, bertahun-tahun berlangsung setiap hari
Setiap 24 jam 156 orang, mayat menjadi
Setahunnya 57.000 *) orang Indonesia matiKorban empat tahun yang lalu sama dengan satu tsunamiKorban empat tahun depan sama dengan satu tsunami lagiKarena merokok, sebabnya pastiGara-gara dicengkeram nikotin sebagai adiksi
Bukan kereta sembarang keretaKereta ini putih sekali
Bukan berita sembarang beritaBerita ini sedih sekali
2004, 2005
*) Prof. Dr. Dadang Hawari, dalam satu makalahnya, 1998
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TUHAN SEMBILAN SENTI
Indonesia adalah sorga luar biasa ramah bagi perokok,tapi tempat siksa tak tertahankan bagi orang yang tak merokok,
Di sawah petani merokok, di pabrik pekerja merokok, di kantor pegawai merokok, di kabinetmenteri merokok, di reses parlemen anggota DPR merokok, di Mahkamah Agung yang bergauntoga merokok, hansip-bintara-perwira nongkrong merokok, di perkebunan pemetik buah kopi
merokok, di perahu nelayan penjaring ikan merokok, di pabrik petasan pemilik modalnyamerokok, di pekuburan sebelum masuk kubur orang merokok,
Indonesia adalah semacam firdaus-jannatu-na'im sangat ramah bagi perokok, tapi tempat siksakubur hidup-hidup bagi orang yang tak merokok,
Di balik pagar SMU murid-murid mencuri-curi merokok, di ruang kepala sekolah ada gurumerokok, di kampus mahasiswa merokok, di ruang kuliah dosen merokok, di rapat POMG orangtua murid merokok, di perpustakaan kecamatan ada siswa bertanya apakah ada buku tuntunancara merokok,
Di angkot Kijang penumpang merokok, di bis kota sumpek yang berdiri yang duduk orang
bertanding merokok, di loket penjualan karcis orang merokok, di kereta api penuh sesak orangfestival merokok, di kapal penyeberangan antar pulau penumpang merokok, di andong Yogyakusirnya merokok, sampai kabarnya kuda andong minta diajari pula merokok,
Negeri kita ini sungguh nirwana kayangan para dewa-dewa bagi perokok, tapi tempat cobaansangat berat bagi orang yang tak merokok,
Rokok telah menjadi dewa, berhala, tuhan baru, diam-diam menguasai kita,
Di pasar orang merokok, di warung Tegal pengunjung merokok, di restoran di toko buku orangmerokok, di kafe di diskotik para pengunjung merokok,
Bercakap-cakap kita jarak setengah meter tak tertahankan abab (ansich) rokok, bayangkanisteri-isteri yang bertahun-tahun menderita di kamar tidur ketika melayani para suami yang baumulut dan hidungnya mirip asbak rokok,
Duduk kita di tepi tempat tidur ketika dua orang bergumul saling menularkan HIV-AIDSsesamanya, tapi kita tidak ketularan penyakitnya. Duduk kita disebelah orang yang dengancueknya mengepulkan asap rokok di kantor atau di stopan bus, kita ketularan penyakitnya.Nikotin lebih jahat penularannya ketimbang HIV-AIDS,
Indonesia adalah sorga kultur pengembangbiakan nikotin paling subur di dunia, dan kita yangtak langsung menghirup sekali pun asap tembakau itu, bisa ketularan kena,
Di puskesmas pedesaan orang kampung merokok, di apotik yang antri obat merokok, di pantipijat tamu-tamu disilahkan merokok, di ruang tunggu dokter pasien merokok, dan ada jugadokter-dokter merokok,
Istirahat main tenis orang merokok, di pinggir lapangan voli orang merokok, menyandang raketbadminton orang merokok, pemain bola PSSI sembunyi-sembunyi merokok, panitiapertandingan balap mobil, pertandingan bulutangkis, turnamen sepakbola mengemis-ngemismencium kaki sponsor perusahaan rokok,
Di kamar kecil 12 meter kubik, sambil 'ek-'ek orang goblok merokok, di dalam lift gedung 15tingkat dengan tak acuh orang goblok merokok, di ruang sidang ber-AC penuh, dengancueknya, pakai dasi, orang-orang goblok merokok,
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Indonesia adalah semacam firdaus-jannatu-na'im sangat ramah bagi orang perokok, tapi tempatsiksa kubur hidup-hidup bagi orang yang tak merokok,Rokok telah menjadi dewa, berhala, tuhan baru, diam-diam menguasai kita,
Di sebuah ruang sidang ber-AC penuh, duduk sejumlah ulama terhormat merujuk kitab kuningdan mempersiapkan sejumlah fatwa. Mereka ulama ahli hisap. Haasaba, yuhaasibu, hisaaban.Bukan ahli hisab ilmu falak, tapi ahli hisap rokok. Di antara jari telunjuk dan jari tengah merekaterselip berhala-berhala kecil, sembilan senti panjangnya, putih warnanya, ke mana-manadibawa dengan setia, satu kantong dengan kalung tasbih 99 butirnya,
Mengintip kita dari balik jendela ruang sidang, tampak kebanyakan mereka memegang rokokdengan tangan kanan, cuma sedikit yang memegang dengan tangan kiri. Inikah geranganpertanda yang terbanyak kelompok ashabul yamiin dan yang sedikit golongan ashabus syimaal?Asap rokok mereka mengepul-ngepul di ruangan AC penuh itu. Mamnu'ut tadkhiin, ya ustadz.Laa tasyrabud dukhaan, ya ustadz. Kyai, ini ruangan ber-AC penuh. Haadzihi al ghurfatimalii'atun bi mukayyafi al hawwa'i. Kalau tak tahan, di luar itu sajalah merokok. Laa taqtuluuanfusakum.
Min fadhlik, ya ustadz. 25 penyakit ada dalam khamr. Khamr diharamkan. 15 penyakit adadalam daging khinzir (babi). Daging khinzir diharamkan. 4000 zat kimia beracun ada padasebatang rokok. Patutnya rokok diapakan? Tak perlu dijawab sekarang, ya ustadz. Wayuharrimu 'alayhimul khabaaith. Mohon ini direnungkan tenang-tenang, karena pada zamanRasulullah dahulu, sudah ada alkohol, sudah ada babi, tapi belum ada rokok. Jadi ini PR untukpara ulama. Tapi jangan karena ustadz ketagihan rokok, lantas hukumnya jadi dimakruh-makruhkan, jangan,
Para ulama ahli hisap itu terkejut mendengar perbandingan ini. Banyak yang diam-diammembunuh tuhan-tuhan kecil yang kepalanya berapi itu, yaitu ujung rokok mereka. Kini merekaberfikir. Biarkan mereka berfikir. Asap rokok di ruangan ber-AC itu makin pengap, dan ada yangmulai terbatuk-batuk,
Pada saat sajak ini dibacakan malam hari ini, sejak tadi pagi sudah 120 orang di Indonesia matikarena penyakit rokok. Korban penyakit rokok lebih dahsyat ketimbang korban kecelakaan lalulintas, lebih gawat ketimbang bencana banjir, gempa bumi dan longsor, cuma setingkat di bawahkorban narkoba,
Pada saat sajak ini dibacakan, berhala-berhala kecil itu sangat berkuasa di negara kita, jutaanjumlahnya, bersembunyi di dalam kantong baju dan celana, dibungkus dalam kertas berwarnidan berwarna, diiklankan dengan indah dan cerdasnya,
Tidak perlu wudhu atau tayammum menyucikan diri, tidak perlu ruku' dan sujud untuk taqarrubpada tuhan-tuhan ini, karena orang akan khusyuk dan fana dalam nikmat lewat upacaramenyalakan api dan sesajen asap tuhan-tuhan ini,
Rabbana, beri kami kekuatan menghadapi berhala-berhala ini.
2000, 2003
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Dengarkan Suara K am i !Dengan ini kami atas nama anak dan remaja Indonesia
MEMINTA
kepada wakil rakyat Republik Indonesia untuk
memperjuangkan :
1. Melarang segala bentuk iklan, promosi dan sponsor rokok.2. Menaikkan harga rokok agar tidak terjangkau oleh anak-
anak Indonesia.
3. Melarang penjualan rokok secara batangan serta membatasitempat penjualannya.
4. Menjadikan tempat-tempat umum bebas dari asap rokok.5. Mendorong undang-undang yang secara menyeluruh
melindungi kami dari dampak produk tembakau.
Jakarta, 28 Maret 2007
Forum Remaja Indonesia Bebas Tembakau
Komisi Nasional Perlindungan Anak