Health: 14 th -19 th Century European History
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Transcript of Health: 14 th -19 th Century European History
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Health: 14th-19th Century European History
By Kassi, Clare, Kendall
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Unit I: The Late Middle Ages, The Renaissance, The Reformation
Chapters 11, 12, 13
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The Little Ice Age Drop in overall temperatures Shortened growing seasons 1315-1317 heavy rains destroyed harvests Caused extreme hunger and starvation Killed 10% of European population in first half
of 14th century Malnutrition
Disease Infant mortalitity
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The Black Death mid 14th century Originated in Asia Spread by rats and fleas Symptoms: high fever, aching
joints, swelling of lymph nodes, internal bleeding
Killed 50-60% of victims 20-50% of total European
population killed Reactions by population
Indulgent living Flagellants
Revolts Look in to medical knowledge Health/sanitation laws made
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New Directions in Medicine Hippocrates Galen: 4 humors
Phlegm Yellow bile Black bile blood
Physicians had little or no practice
Rise of surgeons Anatomy Medical textbooks made 14th century: 6 medical
schools Paris most prestigious
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Unit II: Exploration, Conquest, State Building
Chapters 14, 15
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Conquest Aztecs and Incas
No immunity to European germs Measles, small pox
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Unit III: The Scientific Revolution, The Enlightenment
Chapters 16, 17
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Advancements in Medicine Galen
Incorrect anatomy based on animals Treatment based on imbalance of
humors Belief in two separate body systems
Muscular and digestive Paracelsus
Macrocosmic-Microcosm philosophy Disease caused by chemical
imbalances Treated by chemical remedies
Vesalius Anatomy of humans Corrected Galen’s theory of blood from
liver Harvey
Blood from heart blood makes a complete circuit
One body system Modern foundation of physiology
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World of Medicine Hospitals = bad sanitary conditions Hierarchy of practitioners
Physicians, surgeons, apothecaries, midwifes, faith healers
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Popular Culture Alcohol
Gin, vodka Poor would drink selves
into oblivion
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Unit IV: European States: War, Social Change, and Revolution
Chapters 18, 19
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Growth of European Population Decline in death rate
Plentiful food Better transportation of
food supply Improved diets
Introduction of new crops Potatoes Corn
More nutritious food supply End of Plague Typhus, small pox,
influenza, dysentery Poor hygienic conditions
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Birth Control Coitus interruptus
End of 18th century: used to limit number of children
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An Agricultural Revolution Increases in food
production More farm land Healthier livestock
Increase in meat in European diet
Improved climate Jethro Tull
Use of hoe Seed drill
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Peasant Diet Dark bread = staple Water, wine, beer Potatoes, corn More susceptible to
disease when harvests were bad
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Unit V: Industrial Revolution and Reform
Chapter 20, 21
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Population Growth 140 million: 1750 266 million: 1850 Drop in number of deaths from famines Plague and small pox numbers declined Better food supply
More resistant to disease
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The Great Hunger The Potato Famine
Ireland Struck by fungus
Turned potatoes black Decimated Irish
population Over a million died of
starvation and disease
Almost 2 million emigrated to the United States
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Urban Living Conditions in the Early Industrial Revolution Dramatic growth of cities
Miserable living conditions 1 toilet for 20 families Manchester, England: 1842
Average life span = 17 years Countryside, England: 1842
Average life span = 38-40 years Cholera Edward Chadwick
Reported on conditions of laboring population Public Health Act 1848
Attempted to clean unsanitary conditions
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Factory Conditions during the Industrial Revolution Awful 12-16 hour work days 6 day weeks Little breaks for food
malnutrition Dangerous cave-ins,
explosions, gas fumes in mines Cramped conditions
Deformed bodies Dampness
Ruined lungs
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Factory Reforms Improved conditions slightly Longer breaks Shorter work days Women and children couldn’t work in coal
mines
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Bibliography Western Civilization
Spielvogel AP Euro Website
Gnass Google Images