H.A.V.P.A. – 10th Grade

• Who? Islamic and Jewish cultures

• When? 1900 B.C. – 700 A.D.

• What? Worship without “gravenimages”

Islamic and Judaic Cultures

• Where? The Middle East

Islamic and Judaic Cultures

• Let’s get this in perspective:

Islamic and Judaic Cultures

You are

here!

Islamic and Judaic Cultures

We are studying about this part of the

world

Islamic and Judaic Cultures

Ancient Israel Timeline• The Hebrews as Pastoral Nomads (Patriarchal Dispensation)

c. 1950 BC: Abraham (”Father of Nations”) leaves Ur for Canaan. (Isaac and Jacob)

c. 1600 BC: Hebrews move to Egypt • The Exodus (Mosaic Dispensation)

c. 1570-c. 1280 BC: Hebrews enslaved in Egypt c. 1280 BC: Moses leads the Hebrews out of Egypt c. 1280-1250 BC: Hebrews wander in the Wilderness.

• From Pastoral Nomads to Early Agriculturalistsc. 1250 BC: Joshua begins conquests Canaan. c. 1250-1200 BC: Hebrews conquer Canaan. c. 1200-1020 BC: Rule of the judges.

• From Early Agriculturalists to Urban Societyc. 1020-1000 BC: Saul becomes king of the Hebrew tribes.

(United Kingdom)c. 1000-961 BC: Reign of David. (United Kingdom)c. 961-922 BC: Reign of Solomon (United Kingdom)c. 922 BC: Kingdom of Israel is divided into the kingdoms of

Israel and Judah. (Divided Kingdom)

Islamic and Judaic Cultures

Ancient Israel Timeline (continued)• The Hebrew State and the Empires of the Ancient World

722 BC: Assyria conquers Israel. 586 BC: Babylon conquers Judah. 586 – 539 BC: Babylonian Captivity

539 BC: Exiles return from Babylon 516 BC: Dedication of second temple 332 BC: Conquest of Jerusalem by Alexander the Great 250 BC: The Septuagint is published 168 BC: Maccabean Revolt 63 BC: Roman conquest of Jerusalem.

6 – 4 BC Birth of Christ (Christian dispensation)c.27-30: Period of Jesus' ministry. 66-73: Jewish rebellions against Romans

70: The Destruction of the Temple in Jerusalem c.70: Herod's Temple is destroyed.

Islamic and Judaic Cultures

The Bible God’s revealed will for mankind Divided into two sections:

1. The Old Testament

a. The Patriarchal Dispensation

b. The Mosaic Dispensation

2. The New Testament

a. The Christian Dispensation

Islamic and Judaic Cultures

The Bible• The Old Testament

1. Books of Law (Torah) 4. The Major Prophetsa. Genesis a. Isaiah

b. Exodus b. Jeremiahc. Leviticus c. Lamentations

d. Numbers d. Ezekiale. Deuteronomy e. Daniel2. Books of History 5. The Minor Prophetsa. Joshua a. Hoseab. Judges b. Joelc. Ruth c. Amos

d. 1 and 2 Samuel d. Obadiahe. 1 and 2 Kings e. Jonahf. 1 and 2 Chronicles f. Micahg. Ezra g. Nahumh. Nehemiah h. HabakkukI. Esther i.. Zephaniah

3. Books of Poetry/Wisdom j. Haggaia. Job k. Zechariahb. Psalms l. Malachic. Proverbsd. Ecclesiastese. Song of Solomon

Islamic and Judaic Cultures

The Bible• The New Testament

1. The Gospelsa. Matthewb. Markc. Luked. John

2. The Acts of the Apostles3. The Epistles (Letters)

a. Romansb. 1 and 2 Corinthiansc. Galatiansd. Ephesiansf. Philippiansg. Colossiansh. 1 and 2 Thessaloniansi. 1 and 2 Timothyj. Titusk. Philemonl. Hebrewsm. Jamesn. 1 and 2 Petero. 1, 2 and 3 Johnp. Jude

4. The Revelation of John

Islamic and Judaic Cultures

A Brief Comparison of Judiasm and Christianity• Law of Moses – “Thou Shalt Not Kill”

Christ said – “If You Hate Your Brother . . .”

• Law of Moses - “An Eye for an Eye”

Christ said – “Turn the Other Cheek”

• Law of Moses – “Love Your Neighbor and Hate Your Enemy”

Christ said – “Love Your Enemies and Pray For Those Who Persecute You”

Islamic and Judaic Cultures

Brief Overview of Islam      The religion of Islam is not named after a person as in the case of Christianity which was

named after Jesus Christ      It is not named after a tribe like Judaism after the tribe of Judah      Islam is believed by Muslims to be the true religion of "Allah" and as such, its name

represents the central principle of Allah's (God's) religion; the total submission to the will of Allah "God"

      The Arabic word "Islam" means the submission or surrender of one's will to the only true god worthy of worship "Allah" and anyone who does so is termed a "Muslim

      It was not a new religion brought by Prophet Muhammad I in Arabia in the seventh century, but (according to Muslims) the true religion of Allah re-expressed in its final form

      According to Muslims, Islam is the religion which was given to Adam, the first man and the first prophet of Allah, and it was the religion of all the prophets sent by Allah to mankind

      The name of God's religion lslam was not decided upon by later generations of man. It was chosen

by Allah Himself and clearly mentioned in His final revelation to man. In the final book of divine

revelation, the Qur'aan, (Koran) Allah states the following:• “This day have I perfected your religion for you, completed My favour upon you, and have chosen for

you Islam as your religion". (Soorah Al-Maa'idah 5:3)

• "If anyone desires a religion other than Islam (submission to Allah (God) never will It be accepted of Him" (Soorah Aal'imraan 3:85)

• "Abraham was not a Jew nor Christian; but an upright Muslim." (Soorah Aal'imraan 3:67)

Islamic and Judaic Cultures

Brief Overview of Islam (continued)      Muslims trace their history through Abraham’s son Ishmael (not Isaac)      Muslims believe that Jesus lived, was born of a virgin, taught many

good things and was a prophet of God (Allah)      They DO NOT believe that Jesus was crucified – or that He is the Son of God

      God is the Almighty, the Creator, the Sovereign, and the Sustainer of everything in the whole universe

      God is All-Hearing, All-Seeing, and All-Knowing      Muslims believe in angels; Among the angels, Gabriel brought down

the Quran (“holy scripture of Islam”) to Muhammad      Muslims believe that God has had many prophets and messengers –

starting with Adam, and including Noah, Abraham, Ishmael, Isaac, Jacob, Moses, and Jesus – and especially Muhammad

Today there are more than 925 million followers of Muhammad

Islamic and Judaic Cultures

• Islamic Architecture

The function of each of these architectural features help to set the mood and guide the worshipers to enhance their experience as they enter the mosque (Muslim place of worship).

Columns – Rows of polished marble columns extend back into the darkness (see next slide) Arches – The columns support horseshoe-shaped arches decorated with yellow and red bands (see next slide) Piers – The columns also support stone piers that carry a second tier of arches three feet above the first Aisles – The direction of the aisles guides the worshiper to the side of the building facing Mecca (The

birthplace of Islam, and the direction that Muslims face when praying

Islamic and Judaic Cultures

The Mezquita Mosque (interior) at Cordoba Spain

Islamic and Judaic Cultures

• The Taj Mahal in India