History of Marine Science 10,000 B.C. – 800 A.D..
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Transcript of History of Marine Science 10,000 B.C. – 800 A.D..
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History of Marine Science
10,000 B.C. – 800 A.D.
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Homework
• Read Chapter 2• Pages 2- 10• Answer study questions 1-5 p 2-4• Be prepared to answer the two questions
on page 2-2 in class• What are the 3 reasons to learn the history
of Oceanography?• What are the four main stages in the
history of oceanography?
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_________ people used bone to make harpoons.
__________ people made fishing hooks and nets more than 10,000 years ago.
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________- refuse (garbage dump) of shells and bones found in piles near beachfronts. Give clues to what was eaten by these prehistoric peoples.
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Simple rafts such as these trees lashed together were mans first attempts at navigation. Man’s first relationship with the sea was based on the finding of _____.
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Paleolithic people made bone ___________ to fish from shore.
Net
s
Fis
hing
Hooks
Har
poons
Kniv
es
0% 0%0%0%
1. Nets
2. Fishing Hooks
3. Harpoons
4. Knives
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Over 10,000 years ago _________ people made fishing nets and
hooks to fish.
Neo
lithic
Pal
eolit
hic
Mode
rn No
0% 0%0%0%
1. Neolithic
2. Paleolithic
3. Modern
4. No
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A Midden is a garbage dump.
Tru
e
Fal
se
0%0%
1. True
2. False
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Fastest Responders (in seconds)
1.84 Dominick Guastella
3.53 Charles Badman
3.93 Kristy Benevento
4.52 Katherine Petryczka
4.71 Douglas Miller
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The first sea voyage?
• The earliest recorded sea voyage took place around ___________under the leadership of the Egyptian Pharaoh Snefru
• Historians and Scientists believe that seafaring was commonplace for some time before that in ancient Egypt
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Other firsts…..
• First voyage of exploration documented around _________ B.C.
• Egyptians entombed an entire ship (reed boat) in the _____________________
• This gives us the earliest glimpse of a ancient ship building
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Boat of ________
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The Phoenicians
• The Phoenician Empire centered in what is now modern day Libya is today
• The established the first _______ ______ _________ as far as the British Isles.
Early Phoenician Coin depicting Phoenician war ship
Notice the Sea Monster!
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The Oldest Shipwreck
• Marine Archeologist _________found this ship which dates back to around _______ (King Tut was the Pharaoh of Egypt at the time of its sailing)
The ship itself has disappeared but the cargo remained largely intact
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Phoenician Ships
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______years ago Polynesianand Micronesiannavigators were makingsome of mankind’sgreatest voyages ofdiscovery. Within 2500years they had settledalmost every island in thePacific – an area of about_______ _____________
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Simple yet extremely effective!!
• Imagine Traveling thousands of miles on the open ocean in one of these
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A ________________________is a sophisticatednavigation aid based on knowledge the directions of approaching swells aswell as wave refraction.Polynesians also used the stars to explore Micronesia in their double-hulled canoes.
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Marshallese sailorsnavigating with a“stick chart.”
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Kon Tiki
• In 1947 _______ _____________ built a replica of a _________________to see if such a craft was capable of sailing
thousands of miles in the open ocean. Sailing from Peru to
• Movie and Book were produced from this adventure
• The trip lasted _____ days and the 5 men traveled over ______ ________
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The Kon Tiki Raft at the Kon Tiki Museum in Oslo Norway
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Earliest recorded sea voyage was by the
Poly
nesia
ns
Egyp
tians
Phoen
icia
ns
Euro
peans
0.0% 0.0%0.0%0.0%
1. Polynesians
2. Egyptians
3. Phoenicians
4. Europeans
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The earliest surviving ship was entombed in the
Pyr
amid
of S
nefru
Pyr
amid
of K
hufu
Pyr
amid
of T
ut
None
of the
abo
ve
0.0% 0.0%0.0%0.0%
1. Pyramid of Snefru
2. Pyramid of Khufu
3. Pyramid of Tut
4. None of the above
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The Marine Archeologist who found the oldest shipwreck
0.0%
0.0%
0.0%
0.0% 1. Robert Ballard
2. George Bass
3. James Cook
4. John Harrison
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The Polynesians sailed the ________ Ocean in double hulled
canoes
0.0%
0.0%
0.0%
0.0% 1. Atlantic
2. Indian
3. Pacific
4. Polynesian
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The Kon Tiki voyage lasted
0.0%
0.0%
0.0%
0.0% 1. 2 weeks
2. 1 year
3. 196 days
4. 101 days
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Fastest Responders (in seconds)
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Greek Exploration and Discovery
• Greek contributions are mainly in the areas of Navigation and Cartography (map making)
• _________ determined that tides can be predicted based on the phases of the Moon.
Born: 380 ADDied: 310 AD.
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• Eratosthenes calculated the circumference of the earth. He also invented the first Latitude Longitude system (irregular)
• __________ improved on his system and we still use this regular grid system today!
• Over 2000 years later!!!!
EratosthenesHipparchus
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Maps• ____________ – the “Father of History”
Publishes _____________ in 450 BC
No copies survive
This is what they
Believe it looked
like
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______ determined that tides can be predicted based on the phases
of the Moon
Era
tost
henes
Hip
parch
us
Pyt
heas
Pla
to
0.0% 0.0%0.0%0.0%
1. Eratosthenes
2. Hipparchus
3. Pytheas
4. Plato
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__________ published the first map of 450 BC
0.0%
0.0%
0.0%
0.0% 1. Herodotus
2. Aristophanes
3. Hipparchus
4. Eratosthenes
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The grid system invented and perfected by the Greeks is know
today as
Gra
phing
Lat
itude
and
Longitu
de G
PS
Map
ping
0.0% 0.0%0.0%0.0%
1. Graphing
2. Latitude and Longitude
3. GPS
4. Mapping
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Fastest Responders (in seconds)
0 Participant 1
0 Participant 2
0 Participant 3
0 Participant 4
0 Participant 5