Hack to the Future: The Resurrection of Industrial Voids

THE RESURRECTION OF INDUSTRIAL VOIDS

TED HOGAN WITH:

KYLE BEINING

KATE LINDGREN

TABLE OF CONTENTS

4-15 INTRODUCTION

16-29 SITE ANALYSIS

30-67 PRECEDENTS

68-85 PROGRAM & DESIGN STRATEGIES

86-90 WORKS CITED

INTRODUCTION

6-7 THESIS STATEMENT

8-9 INDUSTRIAL VOIDS

10-11 GROWTH OF CHICAGO

12-15 SITE

THESIS STATEMENT

I would like to take this time to acknowledge several individuals without whom this thesis may not have been possible:

Harvey Z. RabinowitzRobert BensonMatthew Jarosz& James Carlson (of Bucketworks Milwaukee)

ACKNOWLEDGEMENTS:

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Develop a masterplan that will reconnect the torn urban fabric of Chicago due to industrial voids and within the masterplan develop a building that will focus on igniting The new Kinetic Program of a hackerspace within the masterplan that we have developed. While additionally integrating new industry, such as a Boeing Interior Prototype Center onto the site to create a partnership between the two that will benefit both.

THESIS STATEMENT:

Industrial HistoryIndustrial History

-Chicago Union -Chicago Union Rail Yards Once Rail Yards Once the worlds the worlds largest rail hub largest rail hub

-US Steel was -US Steel was Chicago’sChicago’s

largest company largest company employing employing 18,000 18,000

-Chicago was at -Chicago was at one point one one point one of the world’s of the world’s largest shipping largest shipping portsports

INDUSTRIAL VOIDS

Industry played a major role in the early development of many major U.S. cities. However, since the late 1970’s industry and manufacturing jobs have left major urban centers in search of cheaper land and labor. With the exit of industry large voids have been created in the urban fabric. These voids are particularly visible in population density maps. They tend to remain unused land due to their large scale and due to their industrial past which has left many of them as brownfields with contaminated soils. Similarly, the voids are evidence of massive economic voids and major disconnects between neighborhoods in the city.

The goal of this project is to focus on reweaving an industrial void in downtown Chicago, back into the existing fabric. This will be achieved through a master plan that addresses and connects with the surrounding neighborhoods and the Chicago River while simultaneously introducing new economies and programs into the site.

Industrial Voids of Chicago

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Industrial Voids of Philadelphia Industrial Voids of New York Industrial Voids of Milwaukee

Chicago industrial voids overlaid with 1914 industrial map

These diagrams show the voids left by industry in four major U.S. cities that were historically developed around industry. These voids have caused the decentralization of cities, and in addition to separating the neighborhoods of these cities they often prevent the inhabitants of the cities from being able to access the major rivers and lakes which they were built around. The mending of theses voids will play a major role in the rehabilitation of urban centers.

During its first century as a city, Chicago grew at a rate that ranked among the fastest growing in the world. Within the span of forty years, the city’s population grew from slightly under 30,000 to over 1 million by 1890. By the close of the 19th century, Chicago was the fifth largest city in the world, and the largest of the cities that did not exist at the beginning of the century. Within fifty years of the Great Chicago Fire of 1871, the population had tripled to over 3 million. As of the 2000 United States Census, there were 2,896,016 people, 1,061,928 households, and 632,909 families residing within Chicago. More than half the population of the state of Il-linois lives in the Chicago metropolitan area. The population density of the city itself was 12,750.3 people per square mile, making it one of the nation’s most densely populated cities. There were 1,152,868 housing units at an average density of 5,075.8 per square mile. Of the 1,061,928 households, 28.9% have children under the age of 18 living with them, 35.1% were married couples living together, 18.9% had a female householder with no husband present, and 40.4% were non-families. The me-dian income for a household in the city was $38,625, and the median income for a family was $46,748.

THE GROWTH OF CHICAGO

1837 - 1837 - Incorporated as Incorporated as a Citya City

1848 - 1848 - Illinois & Illinois &

Michigan Canal Michigan Canal CompletedCompleted

1855 - 1855 - Street Level Street Level

ChangeChange1871 - 1871 - The Great Fire The Great Fire1892 - 1892 - First Elevated First Elevated

Rapid Transit Rapid Transit LineLine

1893 - 1893 - World’s World’s

Columbian Columbian ExpositionExposition

1900 - 1900 - Flow of Chicago Flow of Chicago

River ReversedRiver Reversed1909 - 1909 - Chicago Plan Chicago Plan

PublishedPublished1928 - 1928 - Straightening Straightening

of the Chicago of the Chicago RiverRiver

1943 - 1943 - Chicago’s First Chicago’s First

Subway OpenedSubway Opened

History of Chicago growth

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The Chicago River has under gone many drastic changes in its lifetime, including reversing the river’s flow and introducing several new channels to handle growing pollution issues with Lake Michigan. However, it was during the 1920’s and 1930’s, that the last major changes to the Chicago River were made. The City of Chicago began to discuss the possibility of straightening the South Branch of the river in the early 1920’s, and the project was finally begun in 1928. The straightening of the South Branch was done mainly for purposes of transportation, but it had the side effect of making Chicago a more beautiful place. This 1921 map clearly shows the eastward bend in the Chicago River south of the Loop. The bend cuts off several north-south streets and creates irregularly shaped pieces of real estate in the city’s general grid pattern. The proposed channel that would straighten the river is marked with dotted lines.

Map and image of the Chicago river before straightening

Location:Location: Chicago, Illinois Chicago, Illinois

Boundaries:Boundaries:

North: W North: W Roosevelt Rd Roosevelt Rd

East: S Clark St East: S Clark St South: W 18th St South: W 18th St

West: Chicago West: Chicago RiverRiver

Area: Area: 800 ft width x 800 ft width x

3340 ft length3340 ft length (2,672,000 Sq ft) (2,672,000 Sq ft)

The project site is located in the south western plot of land located at the corner of Roosevelt Rd. and State St. It is bordered to the north by the Roosevelt collection, to the east by Dearborn Park, to the south by China Town, and the west by the Chicago river. Going past the immediate borders,

SiteGrant Park is four blocks east of the site, and the Loop is located eight blocks north of the site.

The figure ground shows that the buildings of the surrounding area have a rich variety of sizes. Building footprints range from small homes to

large residential complexes and some industrial buildings can be found across the river. This indicates the site need not be restricted to a single predetermined building size, but can rather develop building sizes based on individual programmatic needs.

Greater Chicago Area

Downtown Chicago

Project Site

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CommercialPlanned ManufacturingDowntown ResidentialPlanned DevelopmentDowntown MixxedDowntown ServiceParks & Open Space

The site is currently zoned for “Planned development” and surrounded by a variety of differing neighborhoods, making it ideal for urban ecotone development purposes. The surrounding area is composed of a patch working of mostly “Downtown mixed”, “Downtown Service”, while more “Planned development”. The other “Planned

Figure Ground Zoning Map

development” sites are represented predominantly by the Roosevelt Collection to the north and Dearborn Park to the east. To the south, the site’s historical use for industry and manufacturing can still be seen in its neighbors.

SITE ANALYSIS

18-19 POPULATION &AGE

26-27 WALKABILITY

22-25 TRANSPORTATION

28-29 PHYTOREMEDIATION

20-21 SCHOOLS & UNIVERSITIES

Population HistoryPopulation History

1840: 4,4701840: 4,470

1850: 29,9631850: 29,963

1860: 112,1721860: 112,172

1870: 298,9771870: 298,977

1880: 503,1851880: 503,185

1890: 1,099,8501890: 1,099,850

1900: 1,698,5751900: 1,698,575

1910: 2,185,2831910: 2,185,283

1920: 2,701,7051920: 2,701,705

1930: 3,376,4381930: 3,376,438

1940: 3.396,8081940: 3.396,808

1950: 3,620,9621950: 3,620,962

1960: 3,550,4041960: 3,550,404

1970: 3,366,9571970: 3,366,957

1980: 3,005,0721980: 3,005,072

1990: 2,783,9111990: 2,783,911

2000: 2,893,6662000: 2,893,666

Population Totals(Based on 2000Census Tracts)

0 - 1,2501,251 - 2,5002,501 - 5,0005,001 - 10,00010,001 +

POPULATION & AGE

The population of Chicago (2,896,016 in 2000 as seen in the maps, and 2,695,598 in 2010) is not evenly dispersed through out the city’s 77 community areas. The map to the right show’s the population totals distributed across the city. The industrial voids effects on the city should be seen as opportunities to create new high density neighborhoods in areas of low density surrounded by otherwise high density areas.

The neighborhoods highest in population tend to be the area’s that are farther from the Loop. As the neighborhoods get closer to the Loop the population begins to dip down. However, at the Loop itself the population begins to return to higher levels. This is primarily because of the amenities and connectivity offered within the loop.

The project site is located in the South Loop neighborhood, the population level is in the range of 1,251-2,500, while the population of the neighborhood just to the right of our site is between 5,001-10,000. This shows that a population and desire to live in the area does exist, but that the site is drastically underdeveloped. Not only is there enough of a surrounding

Population Density Map

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population to support a development of the site, but the population is high enough to support a large high density development on the site.

In order to maintain the high density of the site’s plan, a large range of age groups will be needed to occupy the site. Below are maps displaying population dispersal throughout the

city based on age groups: 0 to 19 years old, 20 to 64 years old, and 65 years old and above.

The site has a relatively low population of 0 to 19 years old (451- 900), an average population for 20 to 64 year old (1,501- 3,000), and a population of 65 year old and above that higher than average (601-1,200). This shows that the current demographics of

the site lean towards older occupants that tend to have no children living with them. In order to foster a richer variety of age ranges on the site, the plan will have to provide amenities for younger age groups as well.

Ages 0-19 years Ages 20-64 years Ages 65 + years

Campus in or near Campus in or near the Loop:the Loop:

Columbia College:Columbia College: 11,922 Students 11,922 Students

DePaul University:DePaul University: 25,066 Students 25,066 Students

Roosevelt University:Roosevelt University: 7,306 Students 7,306 Students

School of the ArtSchool of the Art Institute of Chicago: Institute of Chicago: 3,246 Students 3,246 Students

University of Illinois University of Illinois at Chicago: at Chicago: 28,091 Students 28,091 Students

Satellite Campus in Satellite Campus in or near the Loop:or near the Loop:

Loyola University:Loyola University: 16,040 Students 16,040 Students

NorthwesternNorthwestern University: University: 19,184 Students 19,184 Students

University of Chicago:University of Chicago: 15,438 Students 15,438 Students

SCHOOLS & UNIVERSITIES

The following maps show the locations of the Elementary schools & Universities in relation to the site. Both will play major roles in the attraction of residents to the project. The elementary schools represent one of the most highly desired amenities for families with young children, and the universities represent a large student population which the project can seek to draw residents from.

The map to the right shows the schools surrounding the site. There are four elementary schools within 10 minutes of the site. Of those four schools, two are private schools and a third is a Charter school. The schools meet the need of the currently low population of 0 to 19 year old in the area, however the scope of the development would drastically increase the population of 0 to 19 year old in the site and warrant additional elementary school facilities.

The site is located in prime location for easy access to the four main universities in the loop (Columbia, Roosevelt, De Paul, and School of the Art Institute of Chicago) and also the University of Illinois at Chicago. Additionally, just north of the Loop Northwestern, University of Chicago, and Loyola all have satellite campus’.

The Universities with their campus located in or near the loop provides the development with the opportunity to attract residents from a total student population of 75,631 college students. Additionally, the satellite campuses and other younger demographics such as the creative class can be tapped into for prospective clients.

Primary Education Map

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Northwestern University

Columbia College Chicago

Roosevelt UniversityDe Paul University

University of Illinois at Chicago

Loyola UniversitySchool of the Art Institute of Chicago

University of Chicago

University Map

TRANSPORTATION CTA Facts :CTA Facts :

-Began April 25, -Began April 25, 1859 1859 with horse car with horse car serviceservice

-2nd largest -2nd largest transit transit system in the system in the USUS

-1.64 million riders -1.64 million riders daily (roughly daily (roughly 1/2 of the 1/2 of the population)population)

-517 million riders -517 million riders annuallyannually

-Serves 3.8 million -Serves 3.8 million peoplepeople

-Transit lines -Transit lines include: include:

-Bus -Bus -Above ground -Above ground rail rail

-Underground -Underground rail -Regional rail -Regional rail -Water Taxirail -Water Taxi

All StopsMiles Traveled Per Day323,322

Subway11.4 Miles

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Bus1,959 Miles

Water Taxi5.7 Miles

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Regional TrainServes 40 Suburbs

The El 35.8 Miles

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Transit stops in relationship to our site

WALKABILITY

- “Urban Residents - “Urban Residents were three times were three times more likely to be more likely to be physically active physically active in high-greenery in high-greenery neighborhoods.”neighborhoods.”

- Highly connective - Highly connective zones result in zones result in people who are 3-4 people who are 3-4 times more likely to times more likely to walk or use public walk or use public transit.transit.

- Neighborhoods - Neighborhoods with high levels of with high levels of convenience (shops, convenience (shops, park, beach, or bike park, beach, or bike path) within walking path) within walking distance show a distance show a 70% increase in 70% increase in walking.walking.

- “People in - “People in high walkable high walkable neighborhoods neighborhoods achieve 50% achieve 50% more moderate-more moderate-intensity physical intensity physical activity than those activity than those in low walkable in low walkable neighborhoods.”neighborhoods.”

An urban area’s successfulness can be defined by its accessibility to public amenities such as parks, plazas, and transit, as well as its accessibility to programs such as; retail, commercial, and entertainment. While this master plan will include all of these necessities with in it, it’s still important to analyze the accessibility of the site to the rest of Chicago. The following set of diagrams show the walkability of Chicago in

relationship to the project site in red. The orange highlights the area that can be reached by a combination of ten minute walking circles and public transit. This analysis demonstrates the centrality of the site within the city and the potential it has to become a successful neighborhood in Chicago.

5 min. 10 min.

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15 min. 20 min. 60 min.

Extracted Extracted Elements:Elements:

Aluminium (Al)Aluminium (Al)Arsenic (As)Arsenic (As)Caesium (Cs)Caesium (Cs)Cadmium (Cd)Cadmium (Cd)Chromium (Cr)Chromium (Cr)Cobalt (Co)Cobalt (Co)Copper (Cu)Copper (Cu)Lead (Pb)Lead (Pb)Manganese (Mn)Manganese (Mn)Nickel (Ni)Nickel (Ni)Plutonium (Pu)Plutonium (Pu)Strontium (Sr)Strontium (Sr)Uranium (U)Uranium (U)Zinc (Zn)Zinc (Zn)

Phyto Degradation:Plants take up and break down contaminants through the release of enzymes and metabolic process such as photosynthetic oxidation/reduction. In this process organic pollutants are degraded and incorporated into the plant or broken down in the soil.

Phyto Extraction:Plants take up contaminants, mostly metals metalloids and radionucields, with their roots and accumulate them in large quantities within their stems and leaves. These Plants have to be harvested and disposed as special waste.

Phyto Volatilization:Some plants take up volatile contaminants and release them into the atmosphere through transpiration. The contaminant is transformed or degraded within the plant to create a less toxic substance before and then released into the air.

Phyto Stabilization:Some plants can sequester or immobilize contaminants by absorbing them into their roots and releasing a chemical that converts the contaminant to a less toxic state. The mechanism limits the migration of contaminants through water erosion, leaching, wind, and soil dispersion.

PHYTOREMEDIATION

into the final designs on the site. The diagram above gives a detailed account of the phytoremediation process, and the plants to the right are a catalogue of hyper-accumulators that will be used on the site. Included are the contaminants which they remove from the site, and whether they are native to the area (Beige) or not native to the area (Green).

The Project’s site being previously industrial and rail yards will require site remediation before development can be started. The remediation that will be used is phytoremediation. Phytoremediation is a natural and environmentally friendly soil remediation process. The process involves the strategic planting of very specific plants known

as hyper-accumulators, which are plants that remove heavy metals and other contaminants from the soil in their natural growth cycle. T h i s process is extremely cost effective and safe, making it ideal for post-industrial sites. The process will be integrated into the project’s multiple year build out plan, and much of the vegetation will be retained and incorporated

Phytoremediation Diagram

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Smooth hydrangeaSmooth hydrangea(Hydrangea arborescens)Not native

Al

Panicle hydrangeaPanicle hydrangea(Hydrangea paniculata)Native

Al

(Hydrangea quercifolia)Native

Al

Oakleaf hydrangeaOakleaf hydrangea

American Sweet GumAmerican Sweet Gum(Liquidambar styracifl ua)Native

Pu, Sr, Cs

White OakWhite Oak(Quercus alba)Native

U

(Quercus bicolor)Native

U

Swamp white oakSwamp white oak

Tulip treeTulip tree(Liriodendron tulipifera)Native

Pu, Sr, Cs

Golden Baby GoldenrodGolden Baby Goldenrod(Helianthus annuus)Native

Al

(Helianthus annuus)Native

Al

Rough-stemmed goldenrodRough-stemmed goldenrod

Sunfl owerSunfl ower(Helianthus annuus)Not native

Pb, Ur, Sr, Cs, Cr, Cd, Cu, Mn, Ni, Zn

Indian MustardIndian Mustard(Bassica Juncea)Not native

Pb, Zn, Ni, Cu, Cr, Cd, Ur

Alpine PennycressAlpine Pennycress(Th laspi caerulescens)Not native

Zn, Cd, Co, Cu, Ni, Pb, Cr

Bent GrassBent Grass(Agrostis castellana)Not native

As, Pb, Zn, Mn, Al

Red MapleRed Maple(Acer rubrum)Native

Pu, Cs, Sr

(Armeria maritima)Native

Pb

Common Th rift Common Th rift

PRECEDENTS

36-37 MARIBOR-POBREŽJE COMPLEX38-41 SHAN-SHUI MASTERPLAN

52-55 VIA VERDE

42-45 LINKED HYBRID46-49 CARLSBERG CAMPUS50-51 BATTERY PARK CITY

32-35 SKIEN BRYGGE

PLANNING

BUILDING

56-57 BANGKOK RISING58-59 ATLANTIC YARDS60-61 8 HOUSE62-63 COOPER UNION64-65 1 HAWORTH CENTER66-67 VILHELMSRO PRIMARY SCHOOL

SKIEN BRYGGE

Architect:Architect:A-lab & SEAA-lab & SEA

Location:Location:Skien, NorwaySkien, Norway

Area:Area:10 acres10 acres

Year:Year:20082008

Project type:Project type:Urban Urban Development Development CompetitionCompetition

Skien Brygge takes maximum advantage of the surrounding context of the city it is located in. Focusing on creating a dense program, a “public space network”, and blue recreation spaces along the river’s edge. The area of the project is about one-sixth the size of the site in Chicago. Skien Brygge’s plan utilizes a grid system that is derived from

“We believe successful urban Planning takes as a starting point the social interaction between people.” ~ A-lab & SEA

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the city’s grid system. However, the grid is deformed in such a way that the grid responds to both the context of the surrounding city and to the specific issues of the site and design. The resultant is a plan that weaves seamlessly into the city, while still achieving the design goals of the architects.

The project covers such a large scope that it requires a several year build out plan. The build out plan is broken down into four main stages:

1. Develop the most significant buildings and spaces.

2. Develop streets closest to the existing urban fabric.

3. Develop next street back and integrate Public transportation.

4. Develop the water front properties.

This system ensures that all the programs and buildings that are most important to the development exist from the first inhabitation. It then slowly weaves itself into the existing fabric of the city, including establishing access to the site with public transportation. Finally, it ensures that the properties that border the water will have the highest value when it comes time for them to be fully developed.

Skien Brygge, like the Chicago site is located along the edge of a river. The architects take full advantage of this opportunity by establishing not only green public spaces, but also integrating a complex network of recreational blue spaces. The river front in

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this project is not just an after thought of a simple path along side the river, but instead it offers a rich and dynamic series of changing experiences. The six blue spaces shown below depict different uses for the river front, each of which attracts a unique variety of users to the site and an overall larger number of users than a single uniform design would achieve. This makes the river not just a destination for the inhabitants of the site, but also a destination for all of the city.

Architect:Architect:EcosistemaEcosistemaUrbanoUrbano(Belinda Tato)(Belinda Tato)

Location:Location:PobrežjePobrežjeMaribor, Maribor, SloveniaSlovenia

Year:Year:20082008

Project type:Project type:Landfill ReuseLandfill ReuseMasterplanMasterplan

MARIBOR-POBREŽJE COMPLEX

“We propose a soft urbanism, able to blend landscape design, housing and facilities with open air public green areas” ~ Ecosistema Urbano

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The Maribor-Pobrežje complex, is a proposal to create a new usable space on top of an existing landfill in Slovenia. What makes the project unique, is that it is designed with time as a factor. It is meant only to temporary project, while the land fill decomposes and the land is remediated. The project consists of a series of elevated green spaces that adhere to a circular grid pattern. Included in the design is a series of public and event spaces which the buildings surround in a ring shaped pattern. The design is flexible so that buildings and programs can constantly be changing to reflect the people’s needs. Despite the project being designed as a temporary installation, the buildings are still capable of being converted to permanent structures and expand the master plan, should they prove to be popular enough.

Housing & Public Program

Upper Pedestrian Pathway

Infrastructure nodes

Lower Pedestrian Pathway

Energy Network

Car Parking

Water Treatment Cycle

Vegetation

Architect:Architect:Steven HollSteven HollArchitectsArchitects

Location:Location:Hangzhou, Hangzhou, ChinaChina

Area:Area:19.3 Acres19.3 Acres

Year:Year:20112011

Project type:Project type:InternationalInternationalTourism Tourism ComplexComplex

Shan-Shui Masterplan

The Shan-Shui master plan is a project set to redevelop the post-industrial site of oxygen and boiler plants in the Hangzhou region of China. The project focuses on the two main natural contexts bordering the site, the water to the west and the land the east. The result is two separate zones within

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the plan, one water and one earth. In the center of the plan the two zones meet in two vertical elements which act as an urban ecotone.

The design of the water zone incorporates the water canals established by the site’s industrial past, which are expanded into a major design aspect. The water is used to remediate the industrial contaminants of the soil and the other canals, similar to the natural remediation processes that occur in wetlands, while the canals also act to provide a geothermal heat source for the site. At the northern end of the site six “lantern” towers stand. The towers act as physical icons, and literal beacons, for the site as they release the energy gathered throughout the day at night as light. The towers themselves are mixed program, and the smaller surrounding industrial buildings will be hollowed out and used as artistic and cultural display spaces.

The main focus of the earth zone in the plan is a large “3d park” which is made of a faceted landscape form that has punctures to allow light into the spaces below.

Shan Shui site is about a third of the size of the Chicago site and explores new ways in which the surrounding water of a site can be used. The design of the water in this plan goes beyond simple recreation purposes but also includes sustain ability and transportation through out the site. Additionally, the tower in the center of the site gives a precedent for the use of an urban ecotone to unify two distinct zones in a master plan.

“Steven Holl’s Linked Hybrid in Beijing provides a vision of mixed-use development that engages the city around it and operates sustainably”

Clifford A. Pearson

Linked HybridArchitect:Architect:Steven HollSteven Holl

Location:Location:Beijing, ChinaBeijing, China

Area:Area:2.4 Million Sq Ft2.4 Million Sq Ft

Year:Year:20102010

Project Type:Project Type:Mixed use Mixed use

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Linked Hybrid is a 2.4 million square foot mixed use development that consist of eight apartment towers that rang from 14 to 21 stories. These towers of linked on the ground floor by outdoor passage ways and above by one to two story sky bridges. These sky bridges serve more than just a as a means of circulation but also as a means of program. Within the bridges there are spaces for art galleries, shops, cafes, a fitness club, and a pool. The bridges give the development an unique theme that will bring people to the development.

The other factor that makes this development intriguing is the variety of uses that are within the highly residential site. There is a, kindergarten, preschool, cinema, hotel, spa, and large green spaces. This mix of uses helps make the site highly transient and adaptable for many different lifestyles.

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The final concept of this development is stainability. There is a 655 well geothermal system on site that provides most of the heating and cooling needs of the site. There are multiple green roofs on the site. The development also employes a gray water recycling system to irrigate plating areas. The central reflecting ponds double as storm water retaining areas that reduce runoff into the city sewer system. Another less apparent sustainable aspect of the development is that it maintains a high density while maintaining large amounts of open valuable open space for the city.

Open International Open International Ideas CompetitionIdeas Competition

Architect: Architect: Bjarke Ingles Bjarke Ingles GroupGroup

Location:Location:Vesterbro,Vesterbro,CopenhagenCopenhagen

Area: 33 hectareArea: 33 hectare

Year:Year:June 2008June 2008

Project Type:Project Type:Mixed UseMixed Use

CARLSBURG CAMPUS

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Carlsberg is an area straddling the border of Valby and Vesterbro districts in central Copenhagen, Denmark. It covers an area of 33 hectares and is the former industrial site of the Carlsberg Breweries. This large area is dominated by numerous historic and restored 19th and early 20th century buildings, as well as two historic gardens. After the decision was made to close the brewery, plans were launched to redevelop the area into a new district.

1. Involvement: “There is no better expert on city life than the people who live in it.” BIG was able to clearly articulate one of the major ways to not only create a lively neighborhood, but an environment that is tailored to the people who live and work in it.

2. Urban Curation: Rather than making a very specific master plan, BIG proposed a plan that created flexible community guidelines which relied on exterior influence and vibrancy to fill in the gaps. This approach created a unique set of built conditions, while still retaining a common thread through out the community

3. Local Puzzle: A firm stance was taken on the idea that the resultant proposal would have to take into account that many different influences are inherent in the site. This philosophy allowed for the creation of more flexible site guidelines and site layout, then the static city blocks found in most urban developments.

4. 0-energy city: BIG used many techniques, such as geothermal, solar panels and good site and building design to create a sustainable community for Carlsberg.

Building Height:

When designing the overall plan for the Carlsberg Campus, BIG saw it as a new hub for the area and accordingly wanted a strong center of tall buildings. However, in order to relate to context, they sloped the building heights downward and outward from

Th e heights accommodate the existing heights

of Carlsberg and its surroundings

the top of the community center to meet the heights of the adjoining neighborhoods. This method created a focal point for the plan while not disrupting the flow of the existing environment.

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Preservation of historical landscapes and buildings of value and potential.

Defi ning a new compact urban grid.

Letting the new program clashwith the old.

Clear Zones:

As equally important as the preservation of historical structures or the implementation of a grid, was the decision of where green or open spaces would occur. First, these clear spaces were proportioned to support a variety of activities for different user groups who exhibit many different needs. The sizable parcels of

Defi ning an urban canvas of outdoor spaces on the new Carlsberg Campus

Connections...The Warped Chessboard:

Although using the standard method of building preservation and site gridding, when creating their plan, BIG’s final master plan for the community of Carlsberg took a unique final form because of their spin on traditional space planning. The firm’s first move was to preserve specific buildings on the site, regardless of their size and location. Next they filled in the resulting space with a warped block pattern that was based on the interaction of the historical buildings and surrounding grid lines. This warped chessboard provided the basic framework for the future planning of the Carlsberg Campus. The black squares on the board represent the buildings, whereas the white squares represent public recreational areas and open space. In this way they created a gradual blurring of built space and open space into the green spaces of the area. The vision assures that when Carlsberg is completed, there will be an equal number of black and white squares. This plan also created much more irregular and diverse pathways through the site, which is in contrast to the traditional rigid city, while still maintaining a sense of order.

open spaces leave room for activities ranging from sports, to playgrounds, parks, gardens and a wide variety of other uses. They were also used to clearly define zones and accentuate the preserved structures.

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Work..Live..Play:

BIG proposed a framework for the Carlsberg Campus that allowed for a large array of different people, activities, target groups, daily rhythms and social groups. To accomplish this, the plan was further divided into six neighborhoods defined by two arterials running through the district.

Grande AvenueGallery WalkThe Power CenterThe Scholarship DistrictThe VillagePlaygroundAcademy Grounds

BATTERY PARK CITY

5 Districts:5 Districts:

-Gateway Plaza-Gateway Plaza

-Rector Place -Rector Place Residential Residential Neighborhood Neighborhood

-Battery Place -Battery Place Residential Residential Neighborhood Neighborhood -World Financial -World Financial Center Center

-North Residential-North Residential Neighborhood: Neighborhood: Stuyvesant High Stuyvesant High School School

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Battery Park City began as a vision of what cities could be in the future. The original master plan, developed in the 1960’s was a modular assembly of futuristic designs that incorporated pedestrian traffic with park-like spaces on one level and transportation uses on another subterranean level.

There were many different plans for Battery Park City proposed between 1962 and 1975. However, they all had three goals in common:

1. To expand the area of lower Manhattan2. To get people living downtown again3. To provide lower Manhattan with a few more trees and some open space.

In 1979, after several schemes were submitted and rejected, a plan was finally adopted. Streets and sidewalks were returned to grade level and made an extension of Manhattan’s grid. This yielded conventional development blocks, which, in turn, yielded conventional building forms. Each block could be parceled out to different developers at different times, according to market demand. The commercial center was moved from the southern end of the site up to the middle, tying it to the World Trade Center. The plan is more a framework for development than it is a fixed design.

The 1979 Master Plan allocated the land as follows:

•42% residential up to 14,000 housing units; •9% commercial: six million square feet of

office space located opposite the World Trade Center; •30% open space: includes public parks, plazas, and esplanade; •19% streets and avenues.

The Master Plan extends the street grid of Lower Manhattan into Battery Park City, dividing the site into development parcels, thus connecting a new part of the city with the old. Individual parcels are leased to private developers who build on them in accordance with Design Guidelines created especially for Battery Park City. These guidelines prevent a “super block” appearance and provide for a variety of building types and designs common to older neighborhoods in New York City.

VIA VERDE

ArchitectArchitectGrimshaw Grimshaw ArchitectsArchitects

LocationLocationBronx, New York Bronx, New York

AreaArea288,000 Sq Ft288,000 Sq Ft

YearYear20112011

Project TypeProject TypeMixed use Mixed use

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The Via Verde project, meaning “The Green Way,” is an affordable housing project conceived by the partnership PRDG (developers Phipps House and Jonathan Rose Companies, and architects Dattner Architects and Grimshaw Architects) that came together as a result of a design competition sponsored by a group called New Housing New York. Via Verde was the winning proposal for the for the competition because of its innovative ideas on affordable housing and living a healthy and sustainable lifestyle.

Via Verde consists of three housing types that ascend in a L-shape from low to high in the following order:

-Townhouses -Duplexes -Apartments

These differing unit types are linked by roof terraces that can be ascended from the outside from the ground up. The roof terraces become gardens, green roofs, and gathering spaces for the residence.

Social and multicultural living is one of Via Verde’s main concepts which is achieved by the afore mentioned roof terraces and mixed housing types that range from affordable to market rate housing. This idea helped PRDG to win the competition. The another concept that makes the project great is its idea on stainability. Via Verde incorporates elements like green roofs, cross ventilation, storm water management, energy efficient mechanical systems, energy star appliances, bike parking,

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and sustainable building materials. These help reduce its carbon footprint. The project was also built on a blighted industrial brownfield which fills the urban void and helps unify the neighborhood. The the final concept and most unique

concept of Via Verde is its idea of living a healthy lifestyle. The program includes urban gardens to grown fruits and vegetables, an organic food Co-op to buy and sell the fruits and vegetables, a health clinic, and the site was designed to promotes walking to increase

the amount of exercise the residence get. These concepts are great starting points to developing a new neighborhood in an already developed city. Which should influence the cities and neighborhoods tomorrow.

“...An architecture that encloses and protects its inhabitants while revealing the

inner life of their city.” -OMA

ArchitectArchitectOMAOMA

LocationLocationBangkok, Bangkok, ThailandThailand

AreaArea1.5 Million Sq 1.5 Million Sq FtFt

YearYear20112011


BANGKOK RISING

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Bangkok Rising by OMA is a 77 story glass tower that is located in Bangkok, Thailand. The building is comprised of glass boxes that are pushed and pulled out of the facade to create outdoor balconies and gathering spaces. The juxtapositions of the boxes also gives the skyscraper a distinct pixilated look which makes it unique in comparison to a traditional skyscraper.

This mixed use tower in made up of high-end retail, a hotel, bar and restaurant, public plazas, and 200 homes. Bangkok Rising will be the tallest building in Bangkok and will become an icon for the city.

The final articulation of the volumes... Present a variety of colors, materials and fabrication techniques,

creating an assortment of patterns and textures on Brooklyn’s skyline.

- Irina Vinnitskaya

B2 AT ATLANTIC YARDS

ArchitectArchitectSHoP ArchitectsSHoP Architects

LocationLocationBrooklyn, Brooklyn, New YorkNew York

AreaArea22 acres22 acres

YearYear20122012


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B2 is the first of three residential projects in the Atlantic Yards development. B2 will be directly related to the Barclays Center which will be the new basket ball arena for the New Jersey Nets.

The form of B2 was based on design guidelines established by the Empire State Development Corporation. The facade is a series of setbacks which are distinguished by different materials, colors, and massing. The buildings massing are directly related to the function of each part of the building.

8 HOUSE

...The 8 House stacks all ingredients of a neighborhood into horizontal lay-ers of typologies...Creating a three-dimensional urban neighborhood where suburban life merges with the energy of a city, where business and housing coexist. - Kelly Minner

Architect:Architect:BIGBIG

Location:Location:Copenhagen, Copenhagen, DenmarkDenmark

Area:Area:215, 300 Sq Ft215, 300 Sq Ft

Year:Year:20102010

Project type:Project type:Mixed Use Mixed Use Housing Housing developmentdevelopment

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The 8 house by big is a mixed use large scale urban development project in Copenhagen, Denmark. The project contains 476 residences, offices and commercial spaces. The primary driving force of the design is the unusual arrangement of usual program types. Layers of program are established and their dimensions and arrangements are based on their programmatic needs. The overall building form is then further derived from the application of addition programmatic needs, such as sun angles, green space access, sight lines and views, and programmatic connectivity. The result is a figure 8 shaped building with two main courtyards and a green roof that follows an exterior circulation path intertwined through out the entire project.

41 COOPER SQUARE

The Cooper Union, aspires to manifest the character, culture and vibrancy of both the 150

year-old institution and of the city in which it was founded.

-Nico Saieh

Architect:Architect:Thom MayneThom MayneMorphosisMorphosis

Location:Location:New York City, New York City, New YorkNew York

Area:Area:175, 000 Sq Ft175, 000 Sq Ft

Year:Year:20102010

Project type:Project type:Arts & Sciences Arts & Sciences UniversityUniversity

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41 Cooper Square by Thom Mayne/Morphosis is an addition to the existing Cooper Union. The building was designed to emphasize the University’s own spirit. The interior of the project has a central grand staircase which rises four stories before morphing into a double height student lounge. The design of which was meant to evoke a discussion between the three different majors that occupy the building. The exterior is an undulating and perforated stainless steel screen placed in front of a glass box. The effect achieved by the double layer facade not only creates an architectural icon from a distance, but also allows for visual access into the building from a closer distance which echoes the school’s notion of creating an educational environment that is open to people of all backgrounds.

ONE HAWORTH CENTER

“The fully renovated environment will function as a living laboratory of innovative organic

workspace solutions.” - Haworth

Architect: Architect: Perkins + WillPerkins + Will

Location: Location: Holland, Holland, MichiganMichigan

Area: Area: 300,000 Sq ft300,000 Sq ft

Project Year: Project Year: 20062006

Project Type:Project Type:Corporate OfficeCorporate Office

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Each level of One Haworth Center features different organic workspace configurations and products designed to fit the work styles of the employees. A much larger emphasis was placed on collaborative design in the new renovation than the previous headquarters. This was accomplished through a proportion of 60% individual work spaces and 40% group areas and conference rooms.

Another design point was the thin floor plates and large glazing areas. Nearly all employees have access to daylight and views, which research has shown has positive effects on performance and mood. In addition, engaged employees tend to be more productive and miss fewer work days.

Finally, One Haworth Center features a 45,000 square foot green roof system that utilizes pre-vegetated, recycled interlocking plastic trays. That way, roof maintenance is easily performed by removing trays where necessary. The green roof also utilizes vegetation such drought-tolerant sedum and includes 5,000 sq. ft. of reflective white pavers that reduces air conditioning and heating costs and rainwater run-off. This higher frequency of green roofs in new buildings, is a direct response to not only greater environmental responsibility, but fiscal returns and visual gratification in dense urban areas.

One Haworth Center was a renovation project of the existing headquarters for Haworth, Inc. in Holland, Michigan. It was a two-phase project, that was completed in 2008 and received a LEED Gold certification.

VILHELMSRO PRIMARY SCHOOL

“..Taking the undulating hillside of the site as a point of departure, the design features a series of bands which pleat and crisscross to merge

with the surrounding topography.” - BIG

Architect: Architect: BIGBIG

Location: Location: Asminderoed, Asminderoed, DenmarkDenmark

Area: Area: 75,347 Sq ft75,347 Sq ft

Project Year: Project Year: 20102010

Project type:Project type:Elementary SchoolElementary School

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Vilhelmsro Primary School is an academic facility in Asminderoed, Denmark that focuses their curriculum on nature and sustain ability. Because of both their educational focus and the relationship the school wanted with their environment, BIG took the undulating hillside of the site as a point of departure, and created a design which features a series of bands which pleat and crisscross to merge with the surrounding topography. This oscillating and ribbon like roof line is experienced in both the interior and exterior spaces. Outdoor green terraces and courtyard spaces were also placed in between buildings to create access paths and exterior interaction zones. Although most of the spaces are one story, the alternating peaks and ceiling heights allow natural daylight to stream into every class room, along with promoting ventilation. Cross-ventilation is also encouraged through operable windows and overlapping openings. As for the massive use of green roofs, the sod makeup facilitates passive energy measures such as mitigating heat island effect, acting as thermal mass and evaporative cooling qualities. Rain water runoff is reduced, collected and stored for non-potable usage.

PROGRAM

70-73 MASTER PLAN STRATEGIES

74-75 STREET SECTIONS

80-81 ARTIST HOUSING

82-83 CONCERT VENUE

84-85 CIVIC CENTER

76-77 POCKET PARKS

78-79 SITE PLAN & HEIGHT FIELD

SITE STRATEGIES: EXQUISITE CORPSE

Industrial voids not only separate neighborhoods, but due to their large sizes they can often be a barrier between two or more neighborhoods that are completely different from a typology standpoint. In order to address this issue the masterplan will utilize the surrealist parlor game, The Exquisite Corpse as a design organizer and driver.

The Exquisite corpse is a parlor game in which a piece of paper if folded a number of times and each participant draws a different part of the body (head, torso, legs, etc.). After the head is drawn the paper is folded and the next participant draws the next part only seeing the moments where their two drawings will connect. The results form a distinct yet integrated design. The goal of applying this to the masterplan is the same. By viewing the site’s surrounding neighborhoods as already existing “head” and “legs” the industrial void is able to fill in its own distinct “torso” as long as it makes legitimate connections back to the surrounding neighborhoods.

Location:Location: Chicago, Illinois Chicago, Illinois

Boundaries:Boundaries:

North: W North: W Roosevelt Rd Roosevelt Rd

East: S Clark St East: S Clark St South: W 18th St South: W 18th St

West: Chicago West: Chicago RiverRiver

Area: Area: 800 ft width x 800 ft width x

3340 ft length3340 ft length (2,672,000 Sq ft) (2,672,000 Sq ft)

Industrial Voids

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CONNECTION

CONNECTION

CONNECTION CONNECTION

CONNECTION

INDUSTRIAL VOID

Exquisite corpse Exquisite corpse Site Condition

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The following set of diagrams represent the master planning strategies for the project site. These strategies look to re-link with and engage the surrounding context while establishing kinetic nodes throughout the site. They also look to improve upon the temporal quality of the programs and the amount of green space within the vicinity of the site.

EXISTING CONDITION BUILD OVER WEST SIDE

TRAIN YARD

LOOK FOR CONNECTIONS

DESIGN DEVELOPMENT:

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EXTEND STREETS ESTABLISH GRID SYSTEM

FINAL STREET CONDITION

74KINETIC NODES OF THE CITY

75PROPOSED KINETIC NODES FOR THE SITE

In addition to the physical connections made by extending streets and grid systems the masterplan seeks to make connections to the surrounding context through means of program and activity. In looking at the city as a whole we began to mark out Kinetic Nodes. These nodes represent areas of high pedestrian traffic, iconic buildings, and iconic programs. The site is located in the center of a large collection of these nodes. To the north of the site is the Loop, to the east is the museum campus and lakeshore park system, to the south is Chinatown, and to the west is UIC’s campus.

Kinetic nodes are the most successful when they are connected with other kinetic nodes. This gives our masterplan not only the chance to be surrounded by amazing amenities but also to bridge those amenities together and strengthen them at the same time. On the site itself three clusters of nodes have been strategically placed along Roosevelt Rd. (to compliment its existing kinetic activity), Maxwell St., (to restore its historic activity), and 16th St. (to establish a new kinetic street). By spacing these through out the masterplan, a circulation between them can be formed.

KINETIC NODES:

POCKET PARKS

Effects of Pocket Effects of Pocket Parks and Open Parks and Open Green Space: Green Space:

- Reduces public - Reduces public safety crimessafety crimes

- Less stress and - Less stress and more exercisemore exercise

- Promote - Promote community community involvementinvolvement

Essential Elements:Essential Elements:

- Small Size: 1-3 - Small Size: 1-3 lotslots

- Local Community: - Local Community: for use and for use and upkeepupkeep

- Uses/Functions: - Uses/Functions: small events, small events, rest, breaks, and rest, breaks, and playplay

- Elements: - Elements: designed designed gathering places, gathering places, natural elementsnatural elements

4 Block User Group

Few minipark users with walk more than four blocks, and most will come from a one to two block radius. Thus, the design of a pocket park should attempt to serve the needs of the immediately local community.

Frequency

Ideally, there will be one small park sited within every city block in order to meet the range of user groups needs without causing conflict between groups.

Patterns and Design:

Microclimates

Pocket parks should be appropriately sited and arranged so as to respond to the local microclimate, thereby encouraging use.

User Needs

The parks should accommodate as many different users as possible, according to neighborhood needs. However, they should not pack to many uses into the small space, as to cause conflict.

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Number of acres belowcity standard in 2010

Less than 15 acres15 to 40 acresMore than 40 acres

Open-space surplus

Location

Parks should be sited in areas of heavy pedestrian traffic so they are convenient to get to and pass through. They should also be visible from the street.

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GREENSPACE

DEVELOPMENT: To maximize the access to and usage of the river the masterplan will reflect the existing Chicago Lakeshore Park system and establish the new Chicago Rivershore Park system. The system would span the entire length of the site on both sides of the river and connect previously separated greenspaces along the river.

In order to ensure that the public would have access to the green space the masterplan has integrated several pedestrian pathways through out the site. The pathways cut through the existing block pattern and create a vegetated wooden pathway that offers a unique and car-free pathway for users to reach the river and entire site by. These pedestrian pathways also begin to cut through a selection of the site’s courtyard buildings creating new opportunities for pocket parks to form as individual parks that are linked together. This provides users with a choice and variety of the type of park they would like to use.

EXISTING SITE AND LAKESHORE PARK SYSTEM

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PROPOSED RIVERSHORE PARK SYSTEM

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PEDESTRIAN PATHWAYS POCKET PARKS FORMED

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SECTION OF WESTERN SITE

SITE SECTION

SITE SECTION: The site section exemplifies the differing approaches on each side. The western side has been built over the existing commuter train yard and will meet the rivers edge at a height of 32 ft. above the river. To allow for this height difference a railroad and industrial museum will be placed along the rivers edge, allowing users to view the river while looking at its industrial history. While the eastern side of the river compliments through contrast by meeting the river in at a natural water edge.

82MASTER-PLAN

DEVELOPMENT

83N

SITE RENDERING

DEVELOPMENT GROUND FLOOR PLANS

WHO IS A HACKER?

Most people tend to believe hackers to be an antisocial sub-culture that is intent on preying on unknowing computer users. In fact in 2007 SearchSecurity.com defined a hacker as:

“A malicious computer programmer that reverse engineers computer systems to cause damage or steal information”

However this is incorrect. This definition describes only a small percentage of hackers, specifically ‘Black Hat Hackers’.

The term hacker originated in the MIT model railroad train club where the members would take apart the trains and reassemble them so that they would run faster than they normally world. The word later went on to mean any meaningful, efficient, or humours

HACKERS ARE DEDICATED INDIVIDUALS WHO BELIEVE IN SHARING, INNOVATION, AND WORLD IMPROVEMENT.

change made to a pre-existing system that stayed true to the systems purpose. In fact anyone who has put together Ikea furniture in a way that was different than the instructions suggest is a hacker.

STEREOTYPICAL “HACKER”

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HACKERS AS INNOVATORS:

With the influx of technology in the average person’s day to day life not only has it become a necessity of our society but it has created a new hacker sub-culture complete with its own celebrities and innovators. These innovators include:

Steve Jobs, the mastermind of Apple

Mark Zuckerberg, the creator of Facebook

Morgan Webb, G4 Technology T.V. Personality

Moot (Christopher Poole), creator of 4chan and Time magazine’s “Most Influential Person of 2008”

These innovators are not just creating new technologies and social media, but also having a major impact on society. In fact Moot not only won Time’s award, but his following from 4chan influenced the vote so much that they actually used the first letters of the top 21 candidates names to spell out “Marble cake also the game”, which are two pop culture internet memes that started on his website.

STEVE JOBS MORGAN WEBB

MARK ZUCKERBERG MOOT (CHRISTOPHER POOLE)

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“[THE COMPETITION I FEAR THE MOST IS] SOMEONE IN A GARAGE WHO IS DEVISING SOMETHING COMPLETELY NEW.”

FROM GARAGE TO GOOGLEPLEX: Because of the relatively new arrival of the hacker culture and the technologies that allow them there was a long standing issue of a lack of environment in which they could thrive. Despite being an emerging field of business the hacker culture rejected the tradition office building dynamic, this in combination with high start up costs resulted in many hackers starting out in their garages. In fact Bill Gates once said:

This statement ended up being entirely too true, when just a few short years later Larry Page and Sergey Brin in their garage. Today Google is located in the Googleplex, a revolutionary work environment that stresses employee comfort and individualization. The result of this is not only a highly successful company with highly sought after jobs. Through the unique design of the Googleplex has managed to stimulate and harness many hackers. LARRY PAGE AND SERGEY BRIN

87GOOGLEPLEX

WHAT IS A HACKERSPACE?

A hackerspace is essentially a larger communal garage for hackers and hobbyists to work in independently or collaboratively. Inside of a hackerspace one can find machine shops, woodshops, metal shops, community labs, studio spaces, workshops, and recreational spaces for users to work, collaborate, and socialize in any number of different environments. The main focus of the space is to bring individuals together to socialize in a physical environment. This is achieved by most spaces by establishing a non-exclusion policy in regards to it’s members. In some cases the space will not even charge membership fees and is complete free and open to anyone at any time, though this is not usually the case.

The programming the spaces are living and changing thing, as they are subject to change with each new

user/project. Commonly users will share their knowledge by offering to teach workshops in specialized skills, often open to the public to entice new members. In addition to a more traditional classroom model, many allow for members to physically alter the existing space in anyway so long as the change can be undone easily if deemed unnecessary. Bucketworks in Milwaukee, WI, has established a rule that any change at all can be made

without permission so long as it can be undone within 8 hours. They have found that this results in a Wikipedia-like community editing of the space, with only the community approved changes being kept and the other changes being changed back.

The most important feature of a hackerspace is not the building but the community and users. The members of the space are what make them unique,

"TO ME, THE TERM DENOTES A PHYSICAL LOCATION WITH TOOLS AND DIVERSE EXPERTS WHO CAN HELP COLLABORATE ON PROJECTS IN A WIDE RANGE OF SCALES, BUT IT CONNOTES A PHILOSOPHY OF DOING THINGS WITH NO PARTICULAR PREFERENCE TO EMPIRICAL OR THEORETICAL METHODS" ~ MITCH ALTMAN

List of Notable List of Notable hackerspaces:hackerspaces:

C-base (1995)C-base (1995) Berlin, Germany Berlin, Germany

Bucketworks (2002)Bucketworks (2002) Milwaukee, WI Milwaukee, WI

Noisebridge (2007)Noisebridge (2007) San Francisco, CA San Francisco, CA

NYC Resistor (2008) NYC Resistor (2008) New York, NYNew York, NY

London HackspaceLondon Hackspace (2009) (2009) London, U.K. London, U.K.

Pumping Station: OnePumping Station: One (2009) (2009) Chicago, IL Chicago, IL

Tokyo HackerspaceTokyo Hackerspace (2009) (2009) Tokyo, Japan Tokyo, Japan

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they are the life blood of the change and innovation that happens within. There are many different types of users, however three types of users seem to be consistent to almost all spaces:

1. Recently retired individuals with large amounts of tools, knowledge, and new found free time. 2. Recent college graduates who have lost their access to their access to school networks and resources.

3. High-school students who’s schools no longer offer any industrial classes and are unsure of what they would like to do in the future.

With these and other users new networks of information sharing, skill sharing, tool sharing, resource sharing, and all other forms of sharing are created. In addition to internal sharing, spaces can also join in groups such as the Space Federation, which is a collective of hackerspaces that work together and share resources.

Architecturally, the hackerspace is the bottle in which you capture lightning in. It includes fabrication spaces, gathering spaces, classrooms, and space for the hackers to create their own spaces. Flexibility, infrastructure, and users are key to the success of a hackerspace.

PUMPING STATION: ONE

PUMPING STATION: ONE

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HACKERSPACES, A GROWING FIELD: Hackerspaces are a relatively new architectural typology that is growing at an impressive rate. The origins of the hacker space lies with The Chaos Computer Club(CCC) in Berlin, Germany. The club originated in Hamberg Germany but moved to Berlin in the 90’s reinventing itself into the first modern hackerspace in 1998 when it moved into an old carpenter’s warehouse. Hackerspaces remained relatively few and far between until the 2000’s when CCC specifically targeted American hackers as a means of spreading the word about the spaces. At their annual hacker convention, Chaos Communications Congress, the existing Hackerspaces showed the American attendees what they had created and soon the number of hackerspaces around the world would explode. Currently (2012) Hackerspaces.org lists 1106 spaces registered on their site around the world, with many not registered, and even more attempting to start up soon.

HACKERSPACES AROUND THE WORLD

HACKERSPACES AROUND THE U.S.

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HACKERSPACES NEAREST TO SITE:

Pumping Station: One 8 miles North west100 Members

Workshop 88 26 miles West (Glen Ellyn, IL)20 Members

Qualities of a Hackerspace(As defined by Jarkko Moilanen):

1. Owned and Run by it's [sic] members in a spirit of equality.2. Is a nonprofit organization, and open to the outside world on a (semi)regular basis.3. Shares tools, equipment and ideas without discrimination.4. A strong emphasis on technology and invention.5. Has shared space (or is working on a space) as a center of the community.6. A strong spirit of invention and science based on trial, error, and freely sharing information

ARCHITECTURAL CHALLENGES

Design Goals:

1. Create a network of Programs.2. Incubate innovation.3. Allow for flexibility.4. Promote the evolution of the space5. Create moments of cross over between programs.6. Maximize fabrication and creation capabilities.7. Allow members to make the space their own.

HACKERSPACE GOLDEN RULE:

“BE EXCELLENT TO EACH OTHER!”

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HACKERS, A BREED OF THEIR OWN:

94

HYPOTHETICAL USERS:

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HYPOTHETICAL USERS:

98

HYPOTHETICAL USERS:

INNOVATION CULTIVATION

The generation of new ideas follows the same rules of genetics: The strongest offspring comes from the most genetically diverse parents.

This means that the strongest and most successful innovations come from innovators with different backgrounds. With this in mind Boeing has be paired up with the hackerspace to create a mutually beneficial relationship. Currently Boeing is in a situation in which all ideas formed come sharing information with other aerospace companies such as Comac and Airbus. This results in the same companies with the same backgrounds and the same type of employees with the same type of backgrounds all trying to come up with ideas that are different from one another. This results in a very slow type of innovation due to an “Inbreeding of Information”.

By pairing a Boeing interior prototype fabrication center with the hackerspace not only will Boeing receive access to the hackerspace’s network of information, maximizing their ability to create “Outbred General Information”, but the hackerspace would also receive access to the fabrication equipment that Boeing uses, which they could normally not afford.

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DESIGN CONCEPT:

STATIC PROGRAM KINETIC PROGRAM

The concept of the building as a whole is to create a more static courtyard building massing that surrounds a more kinetic thinkspace on the interior creating a geode like building. The designs of the static and kinetic begin to take on roles of action and reaction respectively. The building’s massing is a more “real” and traditional building and holds more static programs, its form is derived

from optimizing views, natural lighting, and circulation. Alternatively, the think space’s form and program is flexible and changing to meet the needs of the hackers. The overall design evolved from a reaction to the surrounding massing, connecting to and breaking out through the façade to create moments in which the two connect and outside users can view into the architectural geode inside.

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STATIC & KINETIC PROGRAM

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BUILDING PROGRAM:(STATIC PROGRAM)

Hackerspace:Class Room: (3x) 730 Sq Ft Gathering Space 1: 1500 Sq FtGathering Space 2: 2300 Sq FtRentable Offices: (8 x) 130 Sq FtConference Room: 500 Sq Ft

Computer lab: 820 Sq FtSupply Shop: 5160 Sq FtWood Shop: 2230 Sq FtMetal Shop: 2230 Sq FtStorage: 2650 Sq FtServer Room: 700 Sq FtKitchen: 400 Sq Ft

Building Form:

The main building massing was based on the traditional courtyard building, with the courtyard shape deforming to maximize views, natural lighting, and air circulation.

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Offices:Boeing Fabrication Lab: 9850 Sq FtBoeing Lobby: 850 Sq FtBoeing Offices: (7 x) 130 Sq FtBoeing Conference Rooms: (4 x) 415 Sq FtBoeing Storage: 3200 Sq FtBoeing Studios: (2 x) 3100 Sq FtOffice Spaces: (9 x) 2100 Sq Ft

Retail:Hacker Retail: 2815 Sq FtCafé: 5220 Sq FtFitness Center: 6300 Sq FtBar: 4000 Sq Ft

Residential:Studio Apt: (57 x) 540 Sq Ft2 Bdrm Apt: (53 x) 1080 Sq Ft3 Bdrm Apt: (34 x) 1350 Sq Ft

Programmatic Relations

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THINKSPACE EVOLUTION:(KINETIC PROGRAM)

Response to Building Massing Unfold Add Media Mesh

107Connect to Massing Open Ground Circulation

108

THINKSPACE FLOOR SYSTEM:

Open Floor Plan

Angled Wall

109

Short Wall Long Wall

Faceted Wall Semi-Perminant Wall

FACADE DESIGN

EXTERIOR VIEW

BREAKOUT SPACE VIEW

FLOOR PLANS

N DEVELOPMENT GROUND FLOOR PLANS

121121

Supply shop Metals Shop

Woods Shop

Hacker Storage

Server Room

BoeingStorage

BoeingFabrication

HackerStore

Cafe

GROUND FLOOR

1222122

BoeingStudio

Class

Class

Class

GatherSpaceComp

lab

BarApartment Lobby

FitnessCenter

BoeingStudio

BoeingStudio

BoeingStudio

FIRST FLOOR

123123

Office

Rentable Offices

BarApartment

Lobby

OfficeOffice Office Office

Office

Office

Office

Office

SECOND FLOOR

1244124THIRD FLOOR

125125FOURTH FLOOR

1266126FIFTH FLOOR

127127SIXTH FLOOR

1288128SEVENTH FLOOR

129129EIGHTH FLOOR

HACKER SPACE VIEW

MEZZANINE VIEW

BOEING OFFICES VIEW

FABRICATION SPACE VIEW

THINK SPACE EXTERIOR VIEW

THINK SPACE INTERIOR VIEW

BAR VIEW

BUILDING SECTION PERSPECTIVE

SECTIONAL PROGRAM RELATIONS

THINK SPACE USES

MEDITATE

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READ QUIETLY

150

BUILD A SWEET FORT

151

USE IT AS A CRANE

152

GIVE A PRESENTATION

153

CREATE A “WRITE SPACE”

154

CREATE A “RAGE CAGE”

155

WORK ON A SECRET PROJECT

156

MAKE A GREEN SCREEN

157

USE IT AS A CLIMBING WALL

158

...AND MOST IMPORTANTLY, SHARE YOU SKILLZ!

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“EVENTS DON’T SIMPLY HAPPEN IN THE SPACE. THE SPACE ITSELF IS THE EVENT.”

~MARK WIGLEY

WORKS CITED

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"5osA: Holcim Awards Europa 2008." 5osA: Web. 20 Dec. 2011. Http://5osa.tistory.com/entry/Holcim-Awards-Europa-2008.

"8 House / BIG | ArchDaily." ArchDaily | Broadcasting Architecture Worldwide. Web. 20 Dec. 2011. Http://www.archdaily.com/83307/8-house-big/.

"Atlantic Yards: B2 Bklyn / SHoP Architects | ArchDaily." ArchDaily | Broadcasting Architecture Worldwide. Web. 20 Dec. 2011. Http://www.arch-daily.com/187144/atlantic-yards-b2-bklyn-shop-architects/.

Back to the Future Part II. Dir. Robert Zemeckis. Prod. Steven Spielberg. Perf. Michael J. Fox. Universal, 1989. Transcript

BIG. “CARL | Carlsberg Campus.” CARL | Carlsberg Campus. BIG | Bjarke Ingels Group. Web. 22 Dec. 2011. Http://www.big.dk/projects/carl/.

BIG. “VIL | Vilhelmsro Primary School.” BIG | Bjarke Ingels Group. Web. 22 Dec. 2011. Http://www.big.dk/projects/vil/.

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Hack to the Future: The Resurrection of Industrial Voids

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