1. HYDROGEN SULFIDE SAFETY BY PAUL AYERS A COURSE FOR INTERNATIONAL PAPER EMPLOYEES

2. WELCOME TO HYDROGEN SULFIDE SAFETY TRAINING Hydrogen Sulfide is the most treacherous gas found at our IP facilities. It is treacherous because it cannot be seen, cannot be smelled in high concentrations, and it can kill you. This course is designed to help you learn to work safely where hydrogen sulfide may be present. To that end, this course will help you learn to Identify important characteristics of H2S, including its role in the papermaking processes at IP facilities Recognize how H2S poses a significant safety hazard to IP employees Recognize how and where H2S may be released at an IP work environment Identify necessary PPE protections for H2S Identify correct responses to a hydrogen sulfide releasePage 1/20BackNext 3. COURSE INFORMATION Course Navigation This course has two levels of navigation. You may move from page to page within this course by clicking the Next and Back button. The Next button will move you forward one page; the Back button will return you to the previous page. The course also has internal navigation within certain pages. You may select within these pages to see related information. These steps may be accessed in any order you prefer, but are meant to be sequential.System Feedback Information about page topics is found in the header section of the page. Information about course progression is provided at the bottom of the page.Course Practice This course has two self checks to alert you to the kinds of questions in the final quiz for the course.Page 2/20BackNext 4. HYDROGEN SULFIDEWHAT IS IT? Hydrogen Sulfide, or H2S, is a simple molecule that can be formed under many different conditions. Often known as sour gas or rotten egg smell, most humans are able to smell hydrogen sulfide in concentrations of less than .01 parts per million. Hydrogen Sulfide is produced when two atoms of Hydrogen are combined with on atom of Sulfide, the element found in sulfur. H2S is produced naturally when organic matter decomposes in the absence of oxygen, such as in swamps or sewers. It is also present in volcanic gases, natural gas, and some well water. Page 3/20S HHExample of a H2S moleculeBackNext 5. HYDROGEN SULFIDE AT INTERNATIONAL PAPERHydrogen Sulfide is also formed as part of the chemistry of pulp and paper making activities at IP mills. Kraft pulping the process used in almost all of the worlds paper mills is based on sulfur compounds and caustic soda. These chemicals, along with pressure and steam, convert wood chips into pulp. The process of conversion, produces a caustic by-product called liquor. Page 4/20BackNext 6. HYDROGEN SULFIDE AT INTERNATIONAL PAPER (CONTD) In addition to sulfur compounds and caustic soda, acids are also necessary for the kraft pulp process. Acids are use to produce bleaching chemicals, demineralize boiler water, conduct maintenance and cleaning operations, and to convert black liquor soap to tall oil. Acids are also use to adjust the pH of the paper machine furnish. Page 5/20BackNext 7. HYDROGEN SULFIDE AT INTERNATIONAL PAPER (CONTD) H2S and other non-condensable gases form during the normal chemical and recovery processes at IP facilities. The chief danger for H2S exposure, however, comes from the accidental combination of acids and pulp liquors (black, green, or white). In fact, the leading cause of H2S releases in the paper mill environment is the accidental mixing of acids and pulping liquors. Page 6/20BackNext 8. SELF CHECK QUESTION Read the following question and select the best answer from those listed. You will be provided feedback on your answers. Hydrogen Sulfide gas is a byproduct of paper making processes.Page 18/20True FalseBackNext 9. SELF CHECK RIGHT You are Correct! Hydrogen Sulfide gas is a byproduct of paper making processes.Click on the Next button to continue this tutorial.Page 18/20BackNext 10. SELF CHECK WRONG Sorry, but that is incorrect. Hydrogen Sulfide gas is a byproduct of paper making processes.Click on the Next button to continue this tutorial.Page 18/20BackNext 11. HYDROGEN SULFIDE AND THE HUMAN BODY When you breathe, an area of the brain known as the respiratory center controls the movement of the diaphragm. This movement inflates and deflates the lungs. Your breathing can be controlled or can occur automatically through this area of the brain. When you breathe in H2S, molecules of the gas are absorbed into your bloodstream and travel to the respiratory center of the brain. If enough molecules are absorbed, they may block the breathing signals this area of the brain sends to your diaphragm. When these signals are blocked, your breathing stops, and you go into respiratory collapse. Respiratory collapse leads to death.Normally, your brain signals your lungs to breatheH2S interrupts your brains signals, causing respiratory collapseH2 S Page 8/20BackNext 12. HYDROGEN SULFIDE AND THE HUMAN BODY Here are some of the symptoms and hazards associated with H2S at different levels of exposure. It does not take a long period of exposure to high levels of H2S to cause significant harm.Signs and Symptoms of Exposure to Hydrogen Sulfide Concentration (ppm)*DurationEffects----------------Odor of rotten eggs10Several hoursEye, nose, throat irritation; nausea; headache; sleep disturbance; shortness of breath208 hoursOSHA ceiling (maximum) allowableSeveral minutesOdor disappears; loss of sense of smell10 minutes, once per 8 hoursOSHA maximum peak above the allowable ceiling70-150----------------Burning in eyes; headache; dizziness; nausea20020 minutesIncreased dizziness, may lead to unconsciousnessLess than 20 minutesUnconsciousness, may lead to respiratory paralysis and deathLess than 1 minuteUnconsciousness, respiratory paralysis, deathInstantlyUnconsciousness, respiratory paralysis, death.02-3030-50 50300-500 1000 5000 +Note: At 30 ppm, the sense of smell is damaged. 20 ppm for 8 hours is the OSHA limit.Page 10/20BackNext 13. AREAS OF RISK FOR HYDROGEN SULFIDE While exposure to hydrogen sulfide gas is possible anywhere in the mill site, some areas are at greater risk than others. These areas include Sewers Evaporator Hotwells Digesters Turpentine Systems Noncondensable gas systemsPage 9/20BackNext 14. General H2S Monitoring Systems In order protect yourself from exposure to H2S, you should be knowledgeable about the different types of monitoring systems available to prevent overexposure. H2S monitoring systems are put in place in area of the mill where H2S gas may be present due to paper making processes. H2S monitoring systems will alert employees in the area that unsafe levels of the gas are present. When you hear the alarm, exit the area immediately. Speak with your supervisor for more details. Page 11/20BackNext 15. Personal H2S Monitoring Systems In addition to H2S monitors in high risk areas, certain tasks and areas also require the use of a personal H2S monitor. This PPE is used to provide a person additional notification when H2S levels in their area have elevated to an unsafe area. Personal H2S MonitorPersonal H2S monitors can be set for different H2S level settings. When using a personal H2S monitor, it is also important you are aware of how to access an air-supplied emergency respirator. These types of respirators provide enough forced air to allow you to escape the H2S hazard.H2S Gas monitors are usually small devices that can be worn easily with other PPE.Emergency RespiratorsBag TypePage 12/20Lollipop TypeBackNext 16. TRAINING FOR H2S PROTECTION It is important you become aware of the proper response should a H 2S release occur at your worksite. While this course is not designed to provide you in-depth training on H2S response, an overview of protection against a release is important. Additional hands-on training in the use of self-contained breathing apparatus (SCBA) respirators, cardio-pulmonary resuscitation (CPR) and simulated emergencies is essential for your full protection. Speak with your supervisor or safety contact about how you may access additional hands-on training on these topics once you have completed this course. Page 13/20BackNext 17. TRAINING FOR H2S PROTECTION - SCBA Gas masks are not to be used as protection from H 2S. Instead, SCBA respirators or bottled air are the only permissible respirators that may be used with a H2S release. It is important to remember that beards or facial hair may affect the fitting of the respirator, so IP has policies in place prohibiting facial hair that interferes with the face piece seal for employees who enter areas where respirators are needed.Speak with your safety contact about which SCBA is appropriate for your work environment.Employees who have facial hair that comes into contact with the face piece seal area must not enter an H2S release area, even with an Self Contained Breathing Apparatus. Page 14/20BackNext 18. TRAINING FOR H2S PROTECTION STEPS TO SCBA USE The following are general steps to donning SCBA protection in the event of a H2S release emergency. You must receive hands on training prior to using SCBA at your site. Speak with your safety contact for more information.Step 1 Step 2 Step 3 Step 4 Step 5 Page 15/20BackNext 19. TRAINING FOR H2S PROTECTION STEPS TO SCBA USE The following are general steps to donning SCBA protection in the event of a H2S release emergency. You must receive hands on training prior to using SCBA at your site. Speak with your safety contact for more information.Step 1Step 1: Open the cylinder valve and listen for low pressure air flow.Step 2Kneeling at the end opposite the cylinder valve, grasp the backplate/cylinder with both hands.Step 3 Step 4 Step 5Lift harness assembly over your head and let straps hang freely; they will fall into place over the elbows. Slide the harness onto your back in the proper position according to the manufacturer's recommended procedure. Page 15/20BackNext 20. TRAINING FOR H2S PROTECTION STEPS TO SCBA USE The following are general steps to donning SCBA protection in the event of a H2S release emergency. You must receive hands on training prior to using SCBA at your site. Speak with your safety contact for more information.Step 1 Step 2 Step 3 Step 4 Step 5Step 2: Secure the clasps for shoulder straps from your shoulders at your chest. Pull the tag end of the straps until they fit securely and snuggly at your chest. Make certain you are able to freely move your arms at full range of motion. The shoulder straps should not be restrictive. Page 15/20BackNext 21. TRAINING FOR H2S PROTECTION STEPS TO SCBA USE The following are general steps to donning SCBA protection in the event of a H2S release emergency. You must receive hands on training prior to using SCBA at your site. Speak with your safety contact for more information.Step 1 Step 2 Step 3 Step 4 Step 5Step 3: To secure the face piece, thrust your chin forward, and place the bottom of the face piece at your chin. Pull the webbing at the top of the face piece over your head until it sits securely.Page 15/20BackNext 22. TRAINING FOR H2S PROTECTION STEPS TO SCBA USE The following are general steps to donning SCBA protection in the event of a H2S release emergency. You must receive hands on training prior to using SCBA at your site. Speak with your safety contact for more information.Step 1 Step 2 Step 3 Step 4 Step 5Step 4: Secure the head straps for the face piece in the following order: 1.Neck Straps (lower straps on each side of your side)2.Temple Straps (upper straps on each side of your head)3.Top Strap (if needed).Feel around the face seal area to ensure you have no obstruction under the mask such as hair, collar, etc. Page 15/20BackNext 23. TRAINING FOR H2S PROTECTION STEPS TO SCBA USE The following are general steps to donning SCBA protection in the event of a H2S release emergency. You must receive hands on training prior to using SCBA at your site. Speak with your safety contact for more information.Step 1 Step 2 Step 3 Step 4 Step 5Step 5: Test the seal of the face piece by placing the end of the respirator hose on your hand, and then attempting to inhale. If any air enters the face piece through the face seal, tighten the face piece straps further. If you cannot get the seal for the face piece, get a different SCBA. Page 15/20BackNext 24. TRAINING FOR H2S PROTECTION IMPORTANCE OF CPR Knowing CPR is an important part of being prepared for any emergency, and H2S releases in particular. Being trained in CPR will allow to you know how to assess someone who has been overcome by H2S and then apply the proper responses. This training will provide you the knowledge and confidence to respond in a way that is beneficial to the victim. If you are interested in learning CPR, speak with your safety contact about where and when you may be trained. Page 16/20BackNext 25. TRAINING FOR H2S PROTECTION EMERGENCY RESPONSE Practicing rescue techniques for a simulated H2S release can help you be better prepared in the event of a real release event. Practice will help you in building the skills, speed, confidence, and teamwork needed to handle respond effectively and safely if a real H2S release event should occur at your site.Click each step in sequence to see a proper H2S response.Step 1Step 2Page 17/20Step 3Step 4BackStep 5Next 26. TRAINING FOR H2S PROTECTION EMERGENCY RESPONSE Practicing rescue techniques for a simulated H2S release can help you be better prepared in the event of a real release event. Practice will help you in building the skills, speed, confidence, and teamwork needed to handle respond effectively and safely if a real H2S release event should occur at your site.Click each step in sequence to see a proper H2S response.Step 1Step 2Step 3Step 4Step 5Step 1: Do not rush to the person. Sound the alarm, and get help immediately. Do this FIRST. Let them know help is on the way.Page 17/20BackNext 27. TRAINING FOR H2S PROTECTION EMERGENCY RESPONSE Practicing rescue techniques for a simulated H2S release can help you be better prepared in the event of a real release event. Practice will help you in building the skills, speed, confidence, and teamwork needed to handle respond effectively and safely if a real H2S release event should occur at your site.Click each step in sequence to see a proper H2S response.Step 1Step 2Step 3Step 4Step 5Step 2: Trained response personnel must put on SCBA (air pack) in all cases. If the rescue is to be in a confined space, do not enter until help arrives. Follow appropriate confined space entry procedures.Page 17/20BackNext 28. TRAINING FOR H2S PROTECTION EMERGENCY RESPONSE Practicing rescue techniques for a simulated H2S release can help you be better prepared in the event of a real release event. Practice will help you in building the skills, speed, confidence, and teamwork needed to handle respond effectively and safely if a real H2S release event should occur at your site.Click each step in sequence to see a proper H2S response.Step 1Step 2Step 3Step 4Step 5Step 3: Get the victim to fresh air as quickly as possible without endangering yourself or others.Page 17/20BackNext 29. TRAINING FOR H2S PROTECTION EMERGENCY RESPONSE Practicing rescue techniques for a simulated H2S release can help you be better prepared in the event of a real release event. Practice will help you in building the skills, speed, confidence, and teamwork needed to handle respond effectively and safely if a real H2S release event should occur at your site.Click each step in sequence to see a proper H2S response.Step 1Step 2Step 3Step 4Step 5Step 4: Check for pulse and breathing. Trained response personnel will apply CPR or mouth-tomouth resuscitation as needed until the victim is conscious and breathing normally.Page 17/20BackNext 30. TRAINING FOR H2S PROTECTION EMERGENCY RESPONSE Practicing rescue techniques for a simulated H2S release can help you be better prepared in the event of a real release event. Practice will help you in building the skills, speed, confidence, and teamwork needed to handle respond effectively and safely if a real H2S release event should occur at your site.Click each step in sequence to see a proper H2S response.Step 1Step 2Step 3Step 4Step 5Step 5: Get the person medical attention as quickly as possible.Page 17/20BackNext 31. SELF CHECK QUESTION Read the following question and select the best answer from those listed. You will be provided feedback on your answers. When you find someone who has been injured by Hydrogen Sulfide gas, the first thing you should do is rush to the person.Page 18/20True FalseBackNext 32. SELF CHECK RIGHT You are Correct! You should never rush to a person who is down from inhaling H2S gas. You should sound the alarm immediately so others who are prepared for rescues with SCBA can rescue the person. Click on the Next button to continue this tutorial.Page 18/20BackNext 33. SELF CHECK WRONG Sorry, but that is incorrect. You should never rush to a person who is down from inhaling H2S gas. You should sound the alarm immediately so others who are prepared for rescues with SCBA can rescue the person. Click on the Next button to continue this tutorial.Page 18/20BackNext 34. HYDROGEN SULFIDE TRAINING SUMMARY Congratulations! You have completed this course on Hydrogen Sulfide Safety at International Paper. As a result of completing this course, you should be able to Identify important characteristics of H2S, including its role in the papermaking processes at IP facilities Recognize how H2S poses a significant safety hazard to IP employees Recognize how H2S may be released at an IP work environment Recognize areas of IP facilities that have the potential for an H2S release Identify necessary PPE protections for H2S Identify correct responses on your part should there be a hydrogen sulfide release in your area.Click on the Next button to go to the quiz. Page 19/20BackNext 35. Page 20/20