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PROVINCE OF GUIMARAS

PROVINCIAL DEVELOPMENT AND PHYSICAL FRAMEWORK PLAN

2008-2013

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TABLE OF CONTENTS

A. INTRODUCTION 1.1 Historical Background 1 2. Plan Objectives and Context 6 2.1 Objectives of the PDPFP 6 2.2 Context of the PDPFP 6 3. Coverage of the Plan 8 3.1 Historical Coverage 8 3.2 Geographical Coverage 8 3.3 Sectoral Coverage 9 4. Outline of the Plan 10 4.1 Vision 10 4.2 Planning Environment 10 4.3 Development Issues/Problems, Goals, Objectives and Targets 10 4.4 Strategies, Plans, Programs and Activities 10 B. VISION 11 C. THE PLANNING ENVIRONMENT 1. Location, Land Area and Political Subdivisions 14 2. Population and Settlements 18 2.1 Population: Regional and National Context 18 2.2 Population Size, Density and Growth Rate 20 2.3 Existing Settlement Pattern 27 2.4 Summary 33 3. Physical Resources 35 3.1 General Land and Water Characteristics and Resources 35 3.2 Land Use Potentials and Constraints 44 4. Economy 55 4.1 Economic Structure

4.2 Potentials for Contributing to Local Economic Growth 4.3 Local Factors 4.4 Summary

55 64 74 76

5. Transportation, Access and Circulation 77 5.1 External Linkages 77 5.2 Internal Circulation 82 6. Income, Employment, Service Access and Poverty 85 6.1 Employment and Unemployment Rates and Trends 85 6.2 Family Income 86 6.3 Social Services 88 6.4 Utility/Infrastructure Services 106 6.5 Other Services and Facilities 118 6.6 Poverty 120 7. Land Use and Physical Framework 124 7.1 Existing Land Use, Trends 124 7.2 Physical framework

7.3 The Overall Physical Framework Plan, 2008-2013 127 133

D. DEVELOPMENT ISSUES, GOALS, OBJECTIVES/TARGETS 1. Development Issues and Problems 153 E.

2. Development Goal and Objectives STRATEGIES, PROGRAMS, PROJECTS AND ACTIVITIES 1. Strategies, Programs and Projects 2. Summary of Strategies and PPAs

160

163 163

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LIST OF MAPS

Map 1 Region VI, Western Visayas 16 Map 2 Province Map 17 Map 3 Density Map, Guimaras, 1995,2000, 2007 23 Map 4a Annual Population Growth Rate, 1995-2000, 2000-

2007 26

Map 5a Built-Up Areas 29 Map 5b Existing Hierarchy of Settlements 32 Map 6 Slope Map 36 Bathymetric Map 38 Map 7 Geologic Map 40 Map 8 Climate Map 43 Map 9 Land Classification Map 45 Map 10 Land Suitability Map 47 Tsunami Hazard Map 53 Map 11 Protection Areas Map 54 Map 12 Production Areas 63 Map 14 External Linkages and Internal Circulation Routes 81 Map 15 Health Facilities 95 Map 16 Location of Education Facilities 103 Map 17 Location of Housing Facilities 104 Map 18 Location of Security Facilities 105 Map 19 Location of Water and Sanitation Facilities 108 Map 20 Location of Power Facilities 111 Map 22 Location of Solid Waste Facilities 112 Location of Indigenous People 123 Map 24 Existing Land Use 126 Map 25 Initial Settlement Growth Map 131 Map 26 Initial Settlement Growth and Protection Map 132 Agri-Tourism Circuit Map 141 Map 27 Settlements Framework 150 Map 29 Production Framework 147 Map 28 Protection Framework 151 Map 31 Overall Physical Framework 152

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LIST OF TABLES AND FIGURES

Table 3 Land Area of Municipalities, Province of Guimaras 15 Table 4 Region VI, Population, Annual Population Growth Rate

Density, Area, by Province, Philippines, 1995, 2000 & 2007

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Table 5 Population, Annual Population Growth Rate, Density, Area, by Municipality, Province of Guimaras, 1995, 2000 & 2007

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Table 6 Population Shares, by Municipality, Province of Guimaras, 1995, 2000 & 2007

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Table 7 Estimated Population and Density, By Municipality, Province of Guimaras, 2013

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Table 8 Land Classification, by Hectare and Percentage Share to Total Provincial Land

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Table 11 Data Matrix: Total Family Income (Php) by Households Head, by Kind of Business/Industry, 2000

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Table 12 Joint Probability: Shares of Total Family Income (%) by Households Head, by Kind of Business/Industry, 2000

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Table 13 Concentration: Total Family Income (%) by Households Head, by Kind of Business/Industry, 2000

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Table 14 Specialization: Total Family Income (%) by Household Head, by Kind of Business/Industry, 2000

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Figure 6 Joint Probability: Share of Family Income by Household Head, by Kind of Business./Industry, 2000

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Figure 7 Wholesale/Retail Trade: Share of Total Family Income by HH Head Business Industry, Region VI, 2000

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Figure 8 Specialization: Guimaras Shares of Total Family Income by HH Head Business/Industry 2000

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Table 15 Local Quotients: Total Family Income (%) by Household Head, by Kind of Business/Industry, 2000

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Table 16 Employment and Unemployment Rates, by Province, Region VI, 2000 & 2003

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Table 17 Total Number of Families, Total and Average Family Income By Province, Region VI and Philippines, 1997 and 2000

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Table 18 Local Service Standards 114 Table Existing Land Use Distribution 124 Table Land Use Data: 2004 and 2008 127 Table 20 Summary Description & Comparison of Vision, Goal,

Objective, Strategy, Programs and Projects

Table 21 Issues/Problems, Goals, and Objectives/Targets Table 22 Strategies, Programs and Projects Derived from

Income & Access to Services

Table 23 Strategies, Programs and Projects Derived from Land Use/Physical Resources

Table 24 Summary Matrix

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A. INTRODUCTION

1.1 Historical Background

In 1521, after the defeat of Ferdinand Magellan, the Spanish survivors aboard

three vessels went to Leyte to undergo some repairs. Later they abandoned

one of the vessels named Concepcion in Bohol for being unseaworthy and

sailed towards the nearby islands of Negros and Panay.

R. Morales, an author of the book “The Augustinians in Panay” published in

1987, believed that the Spaniards must have cruised close to the southern

coasts of Negros and Panay. The utterly homesick Portuguese mariner could

have given the name Guimaraez to that small island lying very near to

Panay’s southeast shores, in order to immortalize in this part of the world the

first capital of the country and the birthplace of Portuguese nationality:

Guimaraez.

Guimaras was cited in numerous documents and books on natives who are

“masters in building all kinds of ships.” It was also mentioned in the “Relation

by Loarca of the Philippine Islands” by Blair and Robertson that the island was

rich in products such as wood, stone for construction, wax and honey. In the

latter years, the natives harvested rice, corn, tobacco, and some coffee and

cacao. It was also recognized as important in fishing and agricultural

industries in the book “The Philippine Islands Ecclesiastical Affairs, 1638-

1640”.

The beauty of the island attracted attention. As related by Sonza and

Gonzales:

“The Spaniards headed by Gonzalo Ronquillo de Peñalosa who established

the first Spanish settlement in Arevalo were struck by the beautiful sceneries

in the island. They noticed that its verdant mountains abounded with forest

timbers, limestone for building purposes, and excellent hunting and fishing

grounds.

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During the 19th century, two outstanding foreigners visiting Iloilo made

favorable comments about Guimaras. One was Sir John Bowring, the British

Governor of Hong Kong, scholar, and author of the famous book, “A Visit To

The Philippines.” Bowring came in 1859 and noted that Guimaras was a

blessing to the newly opened port of Iloilo by making it safe to navigation.

The second foreign visitor was Dean C. Worcester who later became a

member of the Philippine Commission during the American Regime.

Worcester came in 1887, while a zoology professor at the University of

Michigan, to collect specimens of Philippine fauna. He wrote, “Guimaras is

extremely beautiful. During the month we remained in Salag Dako, we not

only regained our health but also gathered much valuable materials.”

The Christianization of the people of Guimaras was started almost

simultaneously with those of Iloilo. For this purpose, the Spaniards organized

pueblocitos (villages) of Nayup, with San Pedro Apostol as patron saint;

Nabilhan with San Juan Bautista as patron saint; and Igang whose patron

saint was Santa Ana. For a long time these small villages formed a “visita” of

Oton. Governor General Dasmariñas reported to the King of Spain on June

20, 1591 that Oton had two friars, one of whom was assigned to visit

Guimaras from time to time. In the 18th century, it was annexed to the parish

of Iloilo. During this period, the island was frequently raided by pirates and the

growth of population was slow.

In 1742, the island fell under the jurisdiction of Dumangas up to 1751 when

the Augustinian Order gave way to the Jesuits. In 1768, the Dominicans took

over from the Jesuits the spiritual jurisdiction over Guimaras. Then in 1775, it

was organized into the regular parish with Iloilo. Still later, the three villages

mentioned earlier were formed into a single parish. Finally, when the

population had increased considerably, the island was given its municipal

status with seat of government in Tilad, now, Buenavista, and the old town

site was in what is now called Old Poblacion.

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When Guimaras became a municipality before the turn of the century, the first

captain del pueblo was Eugenio Tarrazona. Those who succeeded him as

chief executive of Buenavista, the mother town of the three municipalities in

the Sub-province were Manuel Garganera, Pedro Zaldivar, Marcelino

Gabiazon, Jacinto Gabinete, Mariano Martir and Sergio Consing.

The American Regime brought faster progress to the island. In 1908, the

Guimarasnons were given the right to elect their municipal president and

Manuel Garganera was the first elected president. One great American

military genius, General Douglas MacArthur left an indelible mark in

Guimaras. Fresh from West Point as a 2nd Lieutenant at the age of 23, he

came to Iloilo as the head of the company of the Corps of Engineers. In Iloilo,

he constructed roads and the wharf along Muelle Loney from Arroyo Street to

the place of the Compania Maritima Building. He had his headquarters in

Guimaras at Camp Jossman in Barrio Supang Buenavista. The monuments of

his stay in the island are the Sto. Rosario wharf and the road from Sto.

Rosario to Supang. In constructing these public works, MacArthur utilized the

labor of native laborers in addition to that of army engineers. The wharf is still

in use after more than seventy years. Last December 29, 1992, a resolution

was passed by the Sangguniang Panlalawigan changing the name Sto.

Rosario Wharf to Gen. MacArthur’s Wharf in memory of Gen. Douglas

MacArthur.

The development of Guimaras and the steady growth of its population

necessitated the splitting of the island town into municipalities in 1918. Barrio

Nagaba became the Municipality of Jordan with Valeriano Villanueva as the

first Municipal Mayor and Licerio Segovia as Vice Mayor. The third

municipality, Nueva Valencia, was created in 1941 with Florentino Gallopa as

the first town executive.

These three municipalities remained integral parts of the province of Iloilo until

the creation of Guimaras into a Sub-province on June 18, 1966 per Republic

Act 4667, thereby giving the island more governmental autonomy, under the

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initiative and leadership of Senator Rodolfo Ganzon and Congressman

Fermin Caram, Jr.

Governor Antonio G. Ortiz was the first appointed and eventually elected

governor of the Sub-province. His original designation was Lieutenant-

Governor but was later changed to Governor by virtue of Republic Act No.

5682 which was approved on June 21, 1969.

On July 1, 1984, Governor Antonio G. Ortiz filed a leave of absence and

designated Atty. Gualterio B. Gelvezon as Officer-in-Charge of Guimaras. The

designation was officially concurred by Minister Jose A. Roño of the Ministry

of Local Government. Unfortunately, Governor Ortiz succumbed to his

lingering illness and died on July 17, 1984. Governor Conrado J. Norada, by

virtue of Section 2140 of the Revised Administrative Code assumed the power

and function as Governor of Guimaras, at the same time Governor of the

Province of Iloilo. On October 1, 1984, Governor Leopoldo H. Locsin, by virtue

of an appointment issued by President Marcos assumed the post as Governor

of Guimaras until October 23, 1986 when Dr. Catalino G. Nava acting on the

designation issued by Local Government Minister Aquilino Pimentel assumed

the position of OIC Governor. On November 3, 1986, a new OIC Governor

was designated in the person of Abelardo D. Javellana, the former Buenavista

Mayor who served the people of Guimaras until February 1, 1988.

The second and eventually last elected Governor of the Sub-province was Dr. Catalino G. Nava. During his term, the Sub-province was converted into a full-fledged and regular province of Guimaras on May 22, 1992 . He served his fellow Guimarasnons until June 30, 1992.

The euphoria that the Guimarasnons have felt on the conversion of the island

into a Province following the overwhelming “YES” vote in the plebiscite

conducted for the purpose simultaneous with the national election on May 11,

1992 has barely subsided when the new set of Provincial Officials appointed

by the President to help steer the development of the place have bucked

down to work on July 17, 1992. This new autonomous political status of the

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island with the able leadership of its first appointed governor, Emily R. Lopez

is believed to usher an era of better progress and prosperity to the place.

By virtue of Republic Act No. 7896 and 7897, which was approved by

President Ramos on February 20, 1995, two (2) additional municipalities,

Sibunag and San Lorenzo were created in the Province.

The Province of Guimaras is composed of five municipalities namely:

Buenavista, Jordan, Nueva Valencia, San Lorenzo and Sibunag. It has a total

population of 151,238 in 2007 census.

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2.0. Plan Objectives and Context 2.1 Objectives of the PDPFP

The PDPFP is the blueprint which guides the development of the province. It

aims to define the direction and priority thrust that the provincial government

and its five component municipalities shall pursue to attain the vision. The

plan’s specific objectives are to:

a. Formulate the overall vision of the province that reflects the aspirations

of all sectors.

b. Provide the analytical basis for understanding existing conditions and

identifying key development issues, problems, opportunities, goals,

objectives, and targets of the province. The analysis gives special

emphasis on the unique and sensitive island-ecosystem of Guimaras.

c. Translate the provincial vision into implementable strategies towards

the attainment of goals, objectives and targets.

d. Identify priority programs and projects and activities based on the

strategies and which should serve as inputs to the PDIP.

2.2 Context of the PDPFP

The PDPFP is a key link in the network of plans covering the national,

regional, provincial, and municipal levels. It serves as the intermediate link

between the regional and municipal levels plans. Within this framework,

policies enunciated at the top levels of government are translated into a lower

level provincial plan to be more responsive to unique and distinct local

conditions.

Provincial level plans and investment programs are linked vertically to

corresponding plans at the regional and municipal levels. In turn, regional

plans and programs must relate to corresponding plans at the national level.

The PDPFP therefore serves as the vertical link that translates regional and

national priorities into provincial development objectives. As such, the

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Programs, Projects and Activities (PPAs) derived from the PDPFP are the

bases for the multi-year development program (PDIP) and the annual

investment program (AIP). The AIP serves as the basis for budgetary

allocations for PPAs.

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3.0 Coverage of the Plan 3.1. Historical Coverage

The PDPFP is a medium-term development plan guided by a long-term vision.

Its planning analyses extend beyond the medium term to consider longer-term

trends. This is particularly significant in the land use and physical framework

components which require a longer planning horizon. The physical framework

of the plan will extend beyond the medium term period. The PDPFP is

intended to coincide with two three-year political terms of the Governor and

aligned with a full term of the national leadership.

After the first three years, the plan is subject to a mid-term review, in part to

establish targets for the second half of the coverage.

The proposed PPAs of the PDPFP are intended to form part of a six-year

medium-term development plan with firmed up targets for the first three years

to align with the priorities of elective officials.

3.2 Geographical Coverage

The political boundaries of the province define the primary level of

geographical analysis. Other provinces in Region 6, the host region as well

as the host region itself, and the country as a whole, are also included as

benchmarks in some of the analyses as part of the comparative analytical

methodology.

Component municipalities serve as the major level of analytical

disaggregation but selected analysis on population deal with barangay level

data. Geographically delineated areas such as watersheds, river basins,

coastal zones and municipal waters were also utilized.

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3.3 Sectoral Coverage

The planning environment of the PDPFP includes all major sectors relevant to

the development of the province. The actual coverage depends on the

stakeholder priorities and assessments which is a result of a multi-stakeholder

approach. As much as possible, and in order to establish comparability and

context, sectoral data should be consistent with regional/national and

municipal data.

The traditional sectors that typically serve as templates for public sector

planning analysis and implementation, the core elements correspond as

shown in the following table:

Core element Sector

Population Population

Economic Activity Agriculture, fishery, forestry Trade, industry, services Tourism

Physical Resources Environment, natural resources Transport

Income/Services Health Education Housing Social Welfare Public Works Energy Security Other sectors(children,elderly,indigenous people,gender, etc)

Land Use Physical Integration of all sectors

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4.0 Outline of the Plan

The contents and structure of the PDPPF are as follows:

4.1 Vision: The Guimaras’ vision was formulated through a multi-

stakeholder, participatory process and reflects the aspirations of the

province’s constituents. The vision elements were carefully crafted to build on

the island’s inherent assets and how this will be utilized for the benefit of the

Guimarasnons.

4.2 Planning Environment: A comprehensive description and analyses

of the social, economic, and physical environment of the province that

provides the sound understanding of the development challenges, issues and

concerns as well as opportunities and potentials. This serves as the basis for

identifying subsequent courses of action to address the issues, concerns and

development challenges while also utilizing potentials and opportunities for

development.

4.3 Development Issues/Problems, Goals, Objectives and Targets.

Discussions of issues and concerns that need to be addressed and the

corresponding goals, objectives and targets to address such negative

conditions.

4.4 Strategies, Plans, Programs and Activities. In response to the

issues, concerns, opportunities and potentials discussed in the planning

environment, responsive strategies are identified to accomplish objectives.

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B. VISION

“Guimaras is the agri-tourism capital of the region with empowered,

self-reliant and healthy families in a progressive economy anchored on the principles of sustainable development”

Role of the Province in the Region/Nation

Guimaras is the Agri-Tourism Capital in the Region and a major tourist

destination in the country

Producer of high value agricultural crops particularly the world-famous

“Guimaras Mango” and fishery products

A transshipment hub and seaport province that links Panay and Negros

A metro residential suburb providing low cost and high-end housing

facilities

Vision Elements, Descriptors and Success Indicators

As agreed among the stakeholders, these are the descriptors of the

development vision which is centered on the families and which spelled out

the direction and role of Guimaras in the development of the region, as well as

the principles which will guide the province in pursuing its vision.

Empowered and self-reliant families of Guimaras means

they are responsible and participative in the development process

all families have income above the poverty line

majority of the family members possess life skills

all working age family members employed

all 16-60 years old family members completed at least secondary

education

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Healthy in all aspects (physical, mental, emotional, spiritual) families

means

0 mortality caused by preventable diseases

low morbidity rate

decreased crude death rate

100% of families with standard dwelling units

all families eat complete and balanced meals

0 malnutrition rate

harmonious relationship in every family and among families in the

community

families safely live in crime-free and child-friendly communities

Progressive means the economy of the province is globally competitive

where high quality agricultural and fishery products are produced

tourist destinations offer unique experiences, and

there is increased market share of Guimaras in the regional and

national tourist arrivals.

This also necessitates the provision of support infrastructures which

are adequate meaning all households are sufficiently provided or

have access to, efficient which implies convenience, faster and

durable, and environmentally- compliant.

It is also envisioned that the progress of Guimaras is sustainable, as

indicated by

increased investments, and

increased number of viable Small and Medium Enterprises (SME)

All of these are anchored on sustainable development which implies

among others that the environment of Guimaras is

Wholesome and tourist-friendly, as indicated by pollution levels that

are below or within tolerable level or limits; very minimal solid

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waste; protected, conserved and rehabilitated coastal areas; and

protected marine sanctuaries.

Ecologically balanced wherein there is increased forest cover,

reduced soil erosion, preserved or flourishing flora and fauna, and

judicious utilization of land and mineral resources by everyone

concerned.

It also stresses that the kind of development that will be pursued promotes

economic development without jeopardizing the integrity of the Guimaras

environment and use of resources is done with due considerations for the

needs of future generations.

It has to be realized that all of these will be catalyzed by a capable,

responsive, effective and efficient governance of development institutions.

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C. THE PLANNING ENVIRONMENT 1. Location, Land Area and Political Subdivisions

The island province of Guimaras lies southeast of Panay Island and northwest

of Negros Island. It lies between 10°25'00" and 10°46'09" north latitude, and

122°28'20.99" and 122°28'40.53" east longitude. The island is separated

from Panay by the 1.5 nautical mile long Iloilo Strait and acts as a natural

breakwater for Iloilo. The six nautical mile Guimaras Strait likewise separates

the province from Negros.

The lone district of Guimaras is composed of five municipalities namely:

Buenavista, Jordan, Nueva Valencia, San Lorenzo and Sibunag. Jordan

serves as the capital town.

The municipalities of San Lorenzo and Sibunag were created in 1995 by

virtue of R.A. 7897 and R.A. 7896, respectively.

Guimaras has a total of 98 barangays, as approved by the NSCB Executive

Board sometime in 2003 based on the July 19, 1999 decision of the Regional

Trial Court, 6th Judicial Region, Branch 65, San Miguel, Jordan and the DILG

Legal Service recommendation.

The Province’s total land area is 60,457 hectares (ha), almost 3 percent of the

approximately 2,002,311 ha regional total, and the smallest of the 6 provinces

in Region VI. Guimaras is just about one third of the size of Aklan, the second

smallest province in the region. The biggest province is Negros Occidental

which occupies 39 percent of the total regional land area.

Of the five municipalities, Nueva Valencia has the largest land area while San

Lorenzo has the smallest land area.

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Table 3: Land Area of Municipalities, Province of Guimaras Municipality Area (Ha) Percent Share of

Land Area (%) Nueva Valencia 13,712 22.68 Buenavista 12,826 21.22 Jordan 12,611 20.86 Sibunag 12,004 19.85 San Lorenzo 9,304 15.39 TOTAL 60,457 100.00

Source: DENR Region VI.

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2. Population and Settlements 2.1. Population: Regional and National Context

2.1.1. Guimaras’ Population Size, Annual Population Growth Rate and

Density

The Province Guimaras has a total population of 151,238 based on the 2007

Census of Population. Its annual population growth rate from 2000-2007 is

0.93 and the population density is 250 persons per sq km.

As of December 2008, there are no available data yet from NSO on the 2007

population by sex and the number of households. But in 2000, 51.4 percent

of the total 141,450 population, or 72,649 are male, and 48.6 percent or

68,801 are female. The total number of households in 2000 is 27,465

reflecting an average 5.2 persons per household size.

Population Size

Since 1995 up to 2007 census, Guimaras has the smallest population

percentage share at an average of a little more than 2 percent In contrast,

Negros Occidental has the biggest share.

Guimaras with 151,238 people contributes only 2.21 percent to the 6,843,643

population of the Western Visayas Region. Negros Occidental is the most

populous province with almost 35 percent share in total population . At the

national level, Guimaras shares 0.17 percent to the total Philippine population

of 88.6 million. Of the 81 provinces in the country, Guimaras ranks 74th from

the most populated which is Cavite and 8th from the least populated Batanes.

Population Growth Rate and Density

Guimaras’ latest annual population growth rate based on the 2007 census is

0.93 percent. It is below the region’s 1.35 percent and much lower than the

country’s 2.04 percent. In the region, Negros Occidental has the highest

annual population growth rate of 1.44 percent. A significant decline from the

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2.43 percent registered in the 2000 census. Possible reasons for the decline

in Annual Population Growth Rate are: result of intensive advocacy on family

planning and responsible parenthood, and many low income families would

not risk having a bigger family especially with the rising cost of all

commodities.

Its population density of 250 persons per sq km is the second smallest in the

region. Guimaras’ density is lower than both the regional and national

densities which register at 338 and 295 persons per sq. km., respectively.

Iloilo province has the highest density at 318 persons per sq km which is

lower than the regional but higher than the national. Meanwhile, Antique has

the lowest density at 204 persons per sq. km.

Population Doubling Time

With the current annual population growth rate of 0.93, the province is

expected to double its population in 74 years or in 2081. While the region’s

population of 6.8 million is expected to double in 51 years.or 2058. The

country’s population of 88.6 million will double in almost 34 years or by 2041.

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Table 4: Region VI, Population, Annual Population Growth Rate, Density, Area, by Province, Philippines, 1995, 2000 & 2007

Population Population % Share to

Regional Total

Annual Population

Growth Rate (%)

Density (persons/sq km)

Province

1995 2000 2007 1995 2000 2007 1995-2000

2000-2007 1995 2000 2007

Land Area (sq km)

Area % to Regional

Total

Aklan 410,539 451,314 495,122 7.11 7.27 7.23 2.05 1.29 226 248 272 1,817.90 8.98

Antique 431,713 472,822 515,265 7.47 7.61 7.53 1.97 1.19 171 187

204

2,522.00

12.46

Capiz 624,469 654,156 701,664 10.81 10.53 10.25 1.00 0.97 237 248

266

2,633.20 13.01

Iloilo 1,415,022 1,559,182 1,691,878 24.49 25.10 24.72 2.10 1.13 266 293

318

5,324.00 26.31

Negros Occidental

2,031,841 2,136,647 2,370,269 35.17 34.40 34.63 1.08 1.44 256 270 299 7,926.10 39.17

Guimaras 126,470 141,450 151,238 2.19 2.28 2.21 2.43 0.93 209 234 250 604.57 2.99

Region VI 5,776,938 6,211,038 6,843,643 1.56 1.35 285 307 338 20,233.20 100%

Philippines 68,616,536 76,498,735 88,574,614 - - - 2.36 2.04 229 255 295 300,000

Source: NSO, 2008. Note: Population Percent Share does not add up to 100 percent because the cities’ population shares are not reflected in the table. 2.2. Population Size, Density and Growth Rate

2.2.1. Size and Distribution

Buenavista with population of 43,817, ranks 1st in terms of population size.

This is consistent with the population size registered by the municipality in the

last 2 censal years, 1995 & 2000. Buenavista comprised almost 29 percent of

the total provincial population, followed by Nueva Valencia (35,026) and

Jordan (32,524).

For the period 1995-2000, only the municipalities of Jordan, Nueva Valencia

and Sibunag have positive percentage changes or increases in their

respective population percentage share. However, in 2000-2007, only Jordan

(1.72 percent) has the highest positive change followed by San Lorenzo (1.41

percent). The Municipalities of Nueva Valencia, Buenavista and Sibunag have

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negative percentage changes with Nueva Valencia having greatest

percentage change from 0.28 to -1.07. Both Buenavista and Sibunag have

the same percentage points decrease (-0.22) if you compare their two

percentage changes. It is noticeable that the annual population growth rates from 2000-2007 of all

municipalities declined. The highest decline is experienced by Nueva Valencia

which has -2.36 percentage points. It can be noted that Nueva Valencia has

the highest average of Contraceptive Prevalence Rate meaning family

planning is very effective in this municipality. The least decline is of San

Lorenzo with –0.41 percentage points; as can be noted it is second to Jordan

in terms of population growth rate.

Table 5: Population, Annual Population Growth Rate, Density, Area, by

Municipality, Province of Guimaras, 1995, 2000 & 2007

Population Population % Share to

Provincial Total

Annual Population

Growth Rate (%)

Density (persons/sq km) Municipality

1995 2000 2007 1995

2000 2007 1995-2000

2000-2007

1995 2000 2007

Land Area (sq km)

Area % to Provincial

Total

Buenavista 37,681 41,717 43,817 29.79 29.49 28.97 2.2 0.68 294 325 342 128.26 21.21

Nueva Valencia

30,275 34,255 35,026 23.94 24.22 23.16 2.67 0.31 221 250 255 137.12 22.68

Jordan 25,321 28,745 32,524 20.02 20.32 21.51 2.75 1.72 201 228 258 126.11 20.86

San Lorenzo

18,537 20,168 22,319 14.66 14.26 14.76 1.82 1.41 199 217 240 93.04 15.40

Sibunag 14,656 16,565 17,552 11.59 11.71 11.61 2.67 0.80 122 138 146 120.04 19.85

Guimaras 126,470 141,450 151,238 100.00 100.00 100.00 2.43 0.93 209 234 250 604.57 100.00

Source: NSO, 2008.

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Table 6: Population Shares, by Municipality, Province of Guimaras, 1995, 2000 & 2007

Population % Share to Provincial Total

Cumulative Population % Share % Change Municipality

1995 2000 2007 1995 2000 2007 2000-1995 2007-2000

Buenavista 29.79 29.49 28.97 29.79 29.49 28.97 -0.30 -0.52

Nueva Valencia 23.94 24.22 23.15 53.73 53.70 52.13 0.28 -1.07

Jordan 20.02 20.32 21.51 73.75 74.02 73.64 0.30 1.19

San Lorenzo 14.66 14.26 14.76 88.41 88.28 88.40 -0.40 0.50

Sibunag 11.59 11.71 11.61 100.00 100.00 100.00 0.12 -0.10

Guimaras 100.00 100.00 100.00 Source: NSO, 2008. 2.2.2. Density and Urbanization

In 2007, Buenavista has the highest density at 342 persons per sq km.

Jordan with 258 is the next and then Nueva Valencia with 255. All these three

municipalities have higher densities than the provincial density of 250 persons

per sq km. Buenavista has a population density which is higher than the

region (388 persons/sq. km.) and the national (295 persons/sq. km.) Sibunag

has 146 and still the least dense municipality of Guimaras.

Generally in 2007, the municipal densities increased. In terms of density

growth rate from 2000-2007, Jordan has the highest growth rate at 23.7

percentage points this is primarily because it is the fastest population growing

municipality and the center of trade, commerce and government offices’ site in

the province. San Lorenzo follows with 10.6 percentage points; this is

facilitated by being the second fastest population growing municipality and

smallest in terms of land area. Sibunag ranks third with 5.8 percentage

points, Buenavista is fourth with 5.2 percentage points, and the last is Nueva

Valencia with 2.0 percentage points. With an average provincial density

growth rate of 6.8 percentage points, only the municipalities of Jordan and

San Lorenzo have higher than this provincial average.

27

28

2.2.3. Growth Rate

However, considering the 2007 annual population growth rate, the

municipalities of Jordan followed by San Lorenzo have higher growth rates

than that of the province as a whole (0.93 percent). The primary reason why

Jordan has the highest growth rate is because it is the major administrative

and economic center in the province and the main gateway of Guimaras. On

the other hand, the contributory factor for San Lorenzo’s relatively higher

growth rate is in-migration due to its proximity, accessibility and also being the

main gateway to/from Negros.

Buenavista, Sibunag and Nueva Valencia (with the lowest) have lower annual

population growth rates than the province’s.

High densities and fast-growing: Jordan and Buenavista

Correlating the municipal population densities with the population growth rate,

the municipalities of Jordan and Buenavista have high density (considering

only the provincial density of 250 persons per sq km as the cut off) and fast

population growth rate (higher than 0.93 percent). These 2 municipalities

have urban barangays. They are also the major economic and administrative

centers in the province as well as the main gateways of Guimaras from Iloilo.

Low density and fast-growing: San Lorenzo

San Lorenzo although one of the youngest municipality together with Sibunag,

is the second fastest population growing municipality caused by in-migration

due to its proximity and accessibility to Negros. Yet it is considered to have

the second lowest density. However, its density growth rate from 2000-2007

is actually second fastest in the entire province and having the smallest land

area, this scenario should be pro-actively prepared for.

High density and slow-growing: Nueva Valencia

Nueva Valencia is the third most dense municipality, being the third oldest

municipality. However, it has the slowest population growth rate.

29

Low density and slow-growing: Sibunag

Sibunag has the least population density and is second slowest population

growing municipality. It is also the youngest municipality and has yet retained

its rural character.

With the current growth rate, the projected total population and overall density

of Guimaras at the end of 2013, are 159,875 and 264 persons per sq km,

respectively, and at the end of the vision period (2035) are 195,988 and 324

persons per sq km, respectively. This translates into an additional population

of 8,637 by 2013 or an average increase of 1,440 persons every year.

Buenavista will have the highest share, 29 percent of the total population in

2013. Followed by Nueva Valencia with 23 percent, Jordan, 21 percent, San

Lorenzo 15 percent and Sibunag, the least with only 12 percent.

Table 7: Estimated Population and Density, By Municipality, Province of Guimaras, 2013

Population

Annual Population

Growth Rate (APGR %) Municipality

1995 2000 2007 1995-2000

2000-2007

Area

(s

q km

)

Den

sity

200

7

APG

R F

acto

r 200

0-20

07

PGR

Fac

tor 2

007-

2013

Est

imat

ed

Pop

ulat

ion

2013

Est

imat

ed D

ensi

ty

2013

A

dditi

onal

P

opul

atio

n 20

07-

2013

Buenavista 37,681 41,717 43,817 2.2 0.68 128.26 342 1.0068 1.0415 46,364 361 2,547

Nueva Valencia 27,158 34,255 35,026 2.67 0.31 137.12 255 1.0031 1.0187 36,771 268 1,745

Jordan 25,321 28,745 32,524 2.75 1.72 126.11 258 1.0172 1.1077 33,574 266 1,050

San Lorenzo 18,537 20,168 22,319 1.82 1.41 93.04 239 1.0141 1.0876 23,981 257 1,662

Sibunag 17,773 16,565 17,552 2.67 0.8 120.04 146 1.008 1.0490 19,185 160 1,633

Guimaras 126,470 141,450 151,238 2.43 0.93 604.57 250 1.0093 1.0571 159,875 264 8,637

30

31

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2.3. Existing Settlement Pattern

Built-up Areas

Based on the 2007 census, population density maps were generated at the

barangay level. This revealed increased densities for growth centers in every

municipality particularly Barangay San Miguel in Jordan. Similarly, town

centers such as New Poblacion, Buenavista and Poblacion, Nueva Valencia

registered increased population densities from 1995 to 2007.

The municipal CLUPs identified growth centers. Corresponding urban land

use plans were prepared detailing built-up areas. The total built-up area

expansion for all growth centers was computed at 4,760 hectares. Jordan will

have an expansion of 1,103.00 hectares concentrated mostly in San Miguel,

Santa Teresa, Alaguisoc and Balcon Maravilla areas while Buenavista will

have additional 1,158.66 hectares. The municipality of Sibunag although

being the lowest in terms of population anticipates that future urban expansion

would require additional 1,030.63 hectares of built-up areas concentrated in

the three barangays; Maabay, Dasal and Sabang. Nueva Valencia projects

additional built-up areas of 860.72 hectares while San Lorenzo would need

additional 979.49 hectares.

Areas of concern were identified in San Lorenzo considering the trend in

growth of population density and the lack of suitable expansion areas owing to

the existence of irrigated ricelands in the town center. Existing communities

are also within the coastal zone which posed additional constraints. In order

to ease the pressure on the limited expansion area in the town center in

Cabano, secondary growth centers in Sebario, Igcawayan, M.Chavez,

Suclaran and San Enrique were identified to accommodate future demand for

urban expansion. For San Miguel, Jordan, the constraint in urban expansion

is due to the presence of areas identified as forest reserve at the eastern and

western fringes of the existing built-up area. In order to avoid encroaching

into these areas, the growth directions will be directed along the north-south

axis wherein suitable areas are present

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Presently, higher level urban amenities are found in Iloilo City and Bacolod.

Residents from Buenavista, Jordan and Nueva Valencia consider Iloilo City as

the provider of these amenities considering that it is only 15 minutes away by

boat. For Sibunag and San Lorenzo, aside from Iloilo City, residents consider

the City of Bacolod as another provider of urban amenities. For lower level

amenities, residents of the five municipalities consider the San Miguel growth

center as the provider of these services especially for household commodities

during the market day every Sunday.

Generally in 2007, the municipal densities increased. In terms of density

growth rate from 2000- 2007, Jordan has the highest growth rate at 23.7

percentage points that is primarily because it is the fastest population growing

municipality and the center of trade, commerce and government offices’ site in

the province. San Lorenzo follows with 10.6 percentage points; this is

facilitated by being the second fastest population growing municipality and

smallest in terms of land area. Sibunag ranks third with 5.8 percentage

points, Buenavista is fourth with 5.2 percentage points, and the last is Nueva

Valencia with 2.0 percentage points. With an average provincial density

growth rate of 6.8 percentage points, only the municipalities of Jordan and

San Lorenzo have higher than this provincial average.

For more detailed analysis, population density maps were generated at the

barangay level. This revealed increased densities for growth centers in every

municipality particularly Barangay San Miguel in Jordan with a 2007

population density of 803 compared to only 487 in 1995. Similarly, town

centers such as New Poblacion, Buenavista and Poblacion, Nueva Valencia

registered increased population densities from 1995 to 2007. These trends

indicate that demand for housing and other amenities is expected to grow in

the next ten years. Consequently, demand for expansion areas for settlement

needs to be addressed. Particular attention should be given to the primary

growth center in San Miguel, Jordan and the fast population growth in San

Lorenzo.

34

35

Hierarchy of settlements

Settlements are areas where concentrations of population engage in

economic, political, cultural, and other social services. They vary from small,

agriculture-based villages to metropolitan urban centers that accommodate

millions of people and serve as industrial, market, and administrative centers.

In the formulation of criteria for the hierarchy of settlements, four centers are

classified: small city, large town, medium town and small towns. The medium

town has a population size of 25,000 to 49,999 and these are Jordan and

Buenavista. The last and lowest level of the hierarchy of centers is the small

towns which serve as the rural service and food production zone and large

percentage of these lands are devoted to agriculture. This has a population

size of less than 25,000. Nueva Valencia, San Lorenzo and Sibunag are

small towns.

MIGEDC The Metro Iloilo-Guimaras Economic Development Council (MIGEDC) is a

working alliance of the City of Iloilo, The Municipalities of Oton, San Miguel,

Pavia, Leganes, Sta. Barbara and the Province of Guimaras. It was formally

established by President Gloria Macapagal Arroyo through Executive Order

No. 559 signed in August 28, 2006 and was designed to help address the

area’s emerging problems brought about by rapid urbanization and the spatial

development challenges of tourism and economic development.

The MIGEDC spatial development is based on assumed functional roles

where: Guimaras Province assumes the role of agri-eco-tourism center being

the tourist destination for Western Visayas.

The municipality of Jordan serves as the provincial capital of Guimaras.

Barangay San Miguel is the emerging commercial center and is rapidly

urbanizing.

36

Under the RPFP, Jordan is identified as a major urban center in the region

together with Roxas City, Kalibo and San Jose. As such, these centers will

provide high level amenities, medium density residential neighborhood and

high level of transit access.

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38

2.4. Summary

2.4.1. Population

The Province of Guimaras has a population of 151,238 in 2007 census. It is

the least populated province in Region VI. With a population density of 250

persons per sq km, it is the second smallest (next to Antique) in terms of

population density in the region. Guimaras also has the least annual

population growth rate at 0.93 percent, which is lower than the regional and

national growth rates by 0.42 and 1.11 percentage points, respectively.

With the current growth rate, the projected total population and overall

density of Guimaras at the end of 2013, are 159,875 and 264 persons per sq

km, respectively, and at the end of the vision period (2035) are 195,988 and

324 persons per sq km, respectively. This translates into an additional

population of 8,637 by 2013 or an average increase of 1,440 persons every

year. The population of Guimaras will likely double in size after 74 years or in

2081.

2.4.2. Population Distribution Trends

Jordan and Buenavista are the high density and fast-growing municipalities.

They are the major economic and administrative centers in the province and

also the main gateways of Guimaras from Iloilo.

Buenavista has the highest population share but the trend of its share is

decreasing at an average of

-0.41 percentage points.

San Lorenzo is low density and fast-growing since it is the second fastest

population growing municipality. However, its density growth rate is actually

second fastest in the entire province and having the smallest land area, this

concern should be addressed effectively.

39

2.4.3. Settlements

On settlements, considering the population and functions present in the

municipality, Jordan and Buenavista are classified as Medium Town while

Nueva Valencia, San Lorenzo and Sibunag are Small Town.

The proximity of Guimaras to the two highly urbanized areas of Iloilo and

Bacolod has worked to the advantage of the province in the early stages of

its existence considering that these centers provided the services that cannot

be found in the island. Iloilo and Bacolod also provide the markets for

Guimaras products. However, the present scenario already manifests the

disadvantages of this arrangement owing to the siphoning effect in the

Guimaras economy. Guimaras residents spend their money in malls and

other commercial establishments in the city and maintain major bank

accounts in Iloilo thereby bringing financial resources outside of Guimaras.

The challenge therefore is to remedy this structural flaw and prevent the

leakage of financial resources.

2.4.4. Future Population Distribution

At the end of the vision period, i.e., 2035, the population of Guimaras will

reach 195,988. Buenavista will have the highest share while Sibunag will

have the least share.

40

3. 0 Physical Resources

3.1. General Land and Water Characteristics and Resources

3.1.1. Topography and Slope

The topography of Guimaras Island varies from level to steeply sloping, with

land elevation ranging from 0 to nearly 300 meters above sea level. Mt.

Dinulman, located in Millan, Sibunag, has the highest elevation of 267 meters

above mean sea level.

A great part of the island’s land area is above 100 meters above mean sea

level. By comparing the topographic features from the 1956 topographic

maps with the present situation, it could be concluded that the island’s

topography has not been altered much by man-made activities.

The island’s topography shows quite steep slopes on the western side of

island with plateaus and peaks above 200 m in the central portion. A large

part or 37 percent of the total land area is within the 8-18 percent slope, only 4

percent comprises the 18-30 percent slope and 17 percent is within the above

30 percent slope. However, the largest part is still within the 0-8 percent slope

range which covers 42 percent of the island land area.

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42

3.1.2. Land and Water Resources The province of Guimaras is comprised of a mainland and clusters of small

islands and islets. The mainland dominates in terms of land area which

comprises of about 98 percent of the total provincial area. The largest among

the islands is Inampulogan which is where the wildlife reserve area is located.

Taklong Island, on the other hand, was declared as a national marine reserve

through Presidential Proclamation No.525 of then President Corazon C.

Aquino. The 42 islets comprising the Taklong islands are utilized for marine

research activities.

Guimaras is an island province surrounded by body of water in which the

largest is the Guimaras Strait on the western side of the island. It is the most

important water body used for navigation. Large and small boats going in and

out of the provinces of Iloilo and Guimaras pass Guimaras Strait which makes

it an important economic driver that facilitates economic activities for both

provinces.

Based on the previous geographical study conducted, the province has two

major watershed areas, the western and the eastern watershed. Three major

river systems are Mantangingi, Sibunag and Cabano. These are the major

water outflows and contributors to the economic development of the island

particularly the agriculture and tourism industry.

Using the bathymetric map (water depth point data provided by NAMRIA and

enhanced through GIS technology and translated into a raster data in the

map) which provides a scenario of water landscape around the province, the

coastal area stretching from the Municipality of Jordan to Buenavista could be

an ideal location for transshipment facility that could accommodate vessels

plying in and out of the island.

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44

3.1.3. Main Geological Features There are five main types of rock formation occurring in the island;

a. Quarterly Alluvium, Holocene

b. Buenavista Limestone, Pleistocene

c. Jordan Formation, Miocene

d. Guimaras Diorite, Eocene

e. Mt. Pandan Volcanics, Mesosoic

3.1.4. Metallic and Non-metallic Mineral Resources Metallic mineral deposits of Guimaras include lump iron ore at an estimated

1,800 metric tons (MT), primary copper ore at 4,019 MT and copper ore

whose quantity is still yet unsurveyed. The lump iron ore as well as prospects

of gold can be found in the Municipality of Nueva Valencia.

Based on the 1988 data from DENR, Region VI, limestone ore is estimated at

approximately 132 million MT, mainly in Buenavista and partly in Jordan.

There are also clay prospects and reported occurrences of dolomite in

Buenavista and Jordan as well as prospects of limestone and silica sand in

Jordan and Nueva Valencia.

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46

3.1.5. Climate Guimaras is classified as Corona’s Type 1 climate, characterized by two

pronounced seasons: the dry season usually between the months of

November and April, and the rainy or wet season, which occurs during the

rest of the year.

Rainfall during the northeast monsoon would most probably be due to

conventional thunderstorms, a result of intense heating causing rapid

evaporation, or to a lesser extent, typhoons which can occur in the region

during October-November. The probability of a typhoon hitting Guimaras is

fortunately low. The island has a rare frequency passage of 0%-10% of the

annual average of 19.8 typhoons.

The southwest monsoon (hanging habagat), which ushers in the wet season,

starts in June and ends in September. It is characterized by moisture-laden

maritime tropical (MT) winds prevailing from a southwesterly direction due to a

high pressure system over the Australian Continent, from which diverging

winds move towards a low pressure system over South and Southeast Asia

including Mainland China.

Temperature data from the NMRDC over a 32 period (1975-2007), in next

Figure, show a minimum mean temperature of 25.1 degrees Celsius occurring

in December and a maximum mean temperature of 28.6 degrees Celsius

occurring in April. The average temperature throughout the 32 years is 27

degrees Celsius and there is an increasing trend in the mean temperature

levels, particularly notable in the 1990s.

In 2007, southerly wind was observed throughout the year. Average

windspeed of 1.29 meter/second with a maximum of 3.64 meter/second was

recorded. More cloud was observed on the rainy months of July to

September. Average minimum and maximum temperatures were 24.94 and

30.98 degrees celsius, respectively. Dew point had an average of 26.07

degrees celsius. A higher relative humidity was observed at 8:00 AM than

47

2:00PM. Average relative humidity of 93.61 and 89.87 percent was recorded

in the morning and afternoon. Average daily evaporation was 3.24 mm. Rainy

months fall on May to October with a yearly average rainfall of 6.00 mm.

Highest rainfall was recorded in August with 25.95 mm and the lowest was in

April with 0.81 mm.

Limitations of existing climate data

Climate variations have been observed in Guimaras as manifested by

conditions wherein it is raining in one area but just in another area it is dry.

Micro-climatic conditions differ in areas of the island and require more detailed

climatic measurements and advanced weather observation facilities. This is

very significant considering that agriculture, fisheries and tourism are the

primary drivers of the economy.

48

49

3.2. Land Use Potentials and Constraints 3.2.1. Land Classification

About 95 percent of the total land area of the province is classified as

alienable and disposable, which is more or less evenly distributed among the

five municipalities. Nueva Valencia, having the largest land area has the

biggest share at 23 percent and San Lorenzo, the lowest.

However, in terms of timberlands, Nueva Valencia has the smallest

share at only 0.03 percent and Jordan has the biggest share at 1.61 percent.

Table 8: Land Classification, by Hectare and Percentage Share to Total Provincial Land

Classification (Ha)

Municipality Total Land

Area (Ha) Alienable and

Disposable

Percentage Share to Total

Provincial Land

Timberland Percentage

Share to Total Provincial Land

Buenavista 12,826.00 12,328.13 20.39 497.87 0.82

Jordan 12,611.00 11,634.76 19.24 976.24 1.61

Nueva Valencia

13,712.00 13,693.00 22.65 19.00 0.03

San Lorenzo 9,304.00 8,757.50 14.49 546.50 0.91

Sibunag 12,004.00 11,207.50 18.54 796.50 1.32

Total 60,457.00 57,620.89 95.31 2,836.11 4.69

Source: LEP-FMS, DENR 6, 2005

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3.2.2. Land Suitability

Most of the land resources of Guimaras are within the relatively developable

range. About 42 percent is within the 0-8 percent slope range which is

suitable for rice production, cultivated annual crops and fresh water fishponds.

Also 42 percent of the total land area is below 18 percent slope which is

suitable for mango growing and other orchards. Less than one percent with a

slope range of above 50% is considered as protection forest.

Most of the areas suitable for agriculture and rice productions are located in

the Municipalities of Sibunag and San Lorenzo, making them as the rice

granary of the province. The Municipalities of Jordan and Nueva Valencia are

the municipalities wherein 18 percent and above slope are dominantly

located. Buenavista is the only municipality that has a slope of 50 percent or

more.

52

53

3.2.3. Protections Areas a. National Integrated Protected Areas System (NIPAS)

Guimaras has only one protected area under the NIPAS category, the

Taklong Island National Marine Reserve (TINMR). Located in the

municipality of Nueva Valencia at the southern tip of the island, it covers

41 islets and the coastline barangays of Lapaz and San Roque. It has an

aggregate area of approximately 1,143.45 hectares consisting of 183

hectares of terrestrial area and 960.45 hectares of brackish and marine

water. It was placed under protected area status by virtue of Presidential

Proclamation No. 525 signed by then president Corazon C. Aquino last

February 8, 1990. Prior to its proclamation, the area was categorized as

unclassified public forest. Currently, the Protected Area Management

Board (PAMB) has proposed the Marine Reserve to be classified as

“Taklong-Tandog Island Protected Landscape and Seascape” category.

The University of the Philippines in the Visayas has established a marine

biological station in 1963 and currently serves as a laboratory for

researches and studies. It was the UPV that initiated and spearheaded

the proposal for the proclamation of the area as a national marine reserve.

The islets are covered with indigenous plant species such as Molave,

Talisay, Pandan, Pitogo, Kamachile, Patino, Dangkalan and Duhat. Along

the mangrove swamps are Bakawan trees, Bantigue, Pandan-dagat, Api-

api, Bungalon and Pagatpat. Wildlife species found in the area are; dog-

face bat, varanus lizard and bird species that include pied fantail, yellow

vented bulbul, olive brown sun bird, pink-beaked green pigeon, pied

thriller, white collared kingfisher, Philippine glossy startling, pigmy swiftlet,

brown dove, slender-billed crow, pyal thrush, green-winged ground dove,

plain-throated sunbird, white breasted wood swallow, Philippine coucal,

night jar, black-naped tern and little pied flycatcher. Sightings of migratory

Tabon birds that come to the area to lay eggs were also reported.

54

The islets are covered with secondary growth and indigenous plant

species and some planted trees and agricultural crops by previous

settlers. There are approximately 26 hectares of developed fishponds

along the coastline facing the marine reserve while the rest of the

mainland is generally agricultural lands. b. Non-NIPAS AREAS

i. Slope above 50 percent

The Municipalities of Jordan and Buenavista are the only two

municipalities that have a slope range of 50 percent and above. It is

located on the western portion of the island facing Iloilo City. It is

calculated to be 0.31 percent of the total land area of the province with

almost 50 percent are found in the Municipality of Jordan and the rest are

in Buenavista.

ii. Mangrove Forests

A study by Edgardo Gomez in 1980 citing previously compiled data in

1976 which provided an estimate of mangrove cover in Iloilo Province, of

which Guimaras used to be a sub-province revealed that mangrove cover

was about 1,043.2 hectares. Basing on 1995 data however, the total

mangrove cover in the entire island now stands at about 395.6 hectares.

Of this amount, mangroves still exist in 269.3 hectares (68.07 percent) in

Sibunag and remain in 54.4 hectares (13.75 percent) in Nueva Valencia.

Moreover, they also occur in 39.5 hectares (10 percent) in Buenavista, in

16.6 hectares (4.20 percent) in Jordan and in 15.8 hectares (4 percent) in

San Lorenzo. It is worth noting that out of the 269.3 hectares of mangrove

in Sibunag, 210 hectares is in Inampologan Island.

The analysis suggest that the resulting rate of exploitation or clearing is

about 34.6 hectares per year and that the depletion rate of mangrove

cover did not change for almost two decades.

55

c. Areas Prone to Natural Hazards

i. Faults

Four out of five municipalities of the province have presence of faultlines

namely; Jordan, Nueva Valencia, Sibunag and San Lorenzo.

Based on regional tectonic setting, Guimaras Island could experience

earthquakes related to subduction along the Sulu Sea Trench and Antique

Trough dipping east.

Earthquake generated by movements along fault lines and those related to

volcanic activity can also affect the island. The 1990 earthquake with

epicenter located in the junction of two faults in Panay Island was also felt

in Guimaras. Based on the seismicity map from 1990-1992 furnished by

PHILVOCS, there were only few earthquake epicenters identified within

the island. These are of low magnitude earthquakes.

ii. Areas with Severe Flooding

The flood prone areas are located in some areas of the island, in

Barangay Poblacion fronting Jordan Central School and Jordan Municipal

Hall, Barangay Tastasan in the Municipality of Buenavista and in Sitio

Tinuslukan, Barangay Dolores, Nueva Valencia. iii. Coastal Zones

Guimaras is an island province consists of mainland, several islands and

clusters of islets. The coastal perimeter of the mainland is measured to be

300.48 kilometers while that of the other islands and islets have a total

length of 169.44 kilometers. Most of the islets are found in the Municipality

of Nueva Valencia.

iv. Tsunami Prone Areas

Map provided by the Philippine Institute of Volcanology and Seismology

(PHIVOLCS) and the Department of Science and Technology (DOST)

56

reveals a possible tsunami threat on the southern part of the island. This

threat is due to the presence of Negros Trench on the southeastern

portion of Guimaras Island. Possible areas affected are the coastal

barangays of the three municipalities of Nueva Valencia, Sibunag and San

Lorenzo. These areas are classified as environmentally critical zones.

Along with these, several measures and awareness campaign were being

conducted to warn people living in the coastal areas of possible danger

just in case tsunami occurs.

v. Fish and Marine Sanctuaries

Falling under the Protected Areas Under the NIPAs Law (RA 7586), is the

Taklong Island National Marine Reserve or Taklong-Tandog Protected

Seascape in Barangays La Paz and San Roque, Nueva Valencia. This

area is considered as marine sanctuary and a marine research center.

There are also locally declared marine sanctuaries like the:

Marine Turtle Sanctuary – Barangay Lawi, Jordan

Toyo Reef Fish Sanctuary – Guiwanon, Nueva Valencia

Tumalintinan Fish Sanctuary – Suclaran, San Lorenzo

vi. Other ECAs

Other parts of the protected areas are the 500m mountain buffers

comprising the three tall mountains in central part of the island having a

total area of 765.49 hectares, and the 20m river easements calculated at

761.70 hectares

d. Other Environmentally constrained areas

i. Soil erosion

About 57 percent of the total area of Guimaras suffers from moderate soil

while 8 percent is severely eroded. Only 16.90 percent of land area has no

apparent erosion.

57

ii. Areas with Difficult Source of Ground Water

This area is calculated to be 34,061 hectares or 56.32 percent of the total land area of the province. It covered most part of Sibunag and San Lorenzo and some 50 percent of Nueva Valencia and Western portion of Buenavista.

e. SAFDZ

SAFDZ irrigated ricelands is 4,359.59 hectares which is located in five

municipalities of Guimaras but, large areas are in the two Municipalities of

San Lorenzo and Sibunag which are considered as the rice granaries of the

island.

Navalas, Part of Bacjao and East Valencia, Buenavista

Part of Alaguisoc, Poblacion, Buluangan and Sta. Teresa, Jordan

Part of Lucmayan, Salvacion, Lanipe, Igang, Dolores, Napandong,

Tando, San Roque and Cabalagnan, Nueva Valencia

Part of Cabano, M. Chavez, Suclaran, San Enrique, Gaban,

Cabungahan, Aguilar, Constancia, San Lorenzo

Part of Millan, Tanglad, Ayangan, Dasal, Maabay, Alegria and

Concordia Norte, Sibunag

58

59

60

4. Economy

The economy of Guimaras in 2000 was dominated by the Services Sector

which included (from highest to lowest share) Other Services, Wholesale and

Retail, Transportation, Storage and Communication Services. This happened

as the tourism industry and tourism support services started to bloom. The

visitors, commuters and population increased and subsequently the demand

for goods and services also increased. Agriculture, Fishery and Forestry

Sector ranked second which was boosted by palay, mango, cashew, livestock

and poultry, and fishery. The least contributor was the Industry Sector which

was spurred by manufacturing, construction, mining and quarrying particularly

of limestone which abounds in the island. 4.1. Economic Structure 4.1.1. External Context of the Local Economy

In 2000, Guimaras contributed P2,086.98 million to the P114,428.38 million

total family income by household head for the whole Region VI. The highest

contributor to the family income of household head in Guimaras was the

Services Sector with P1,233.62 million (representing 59.11 percent of the

Guimaras total) followed by Agriculture, Fishery and Forestry Sector with

P182.85 milion (representing 8.76 percent), and the last was the Industry

Sector with P22.94 million (representing 1.1 percent).

In terms of the region’s total family income by household head in 2000, the

Services Sector had the largest share, 51.64 percent, followed by Agriculture,

Fishery and Forestry Sector with 18.48 percent, and by the Industry Sector

with 1.92 percent. At the national level, Services Sector also accounted for the

highest share at 53 percent. Industry Sector followed with 30 percent and the

last was Agriculture, Fishery and Forestry Sector with 17 percent.

61

Of these regional total percentages, Guimaras shared 1.07 percent in the

Services Sector and the lowest among the six provinces. It shared 0.16

percent in the Agriculture, Fishery and Forestry, still the lowest, and only .02

percent in the Industry Sector, also one of the lowest together with Antique.

Negros Occidental had the highest share, 38.11 percent of the total economy

of the region. Iloilo followed with 35.48 percent. Negros Occidental was still

the largest contributor to the Services Sector and the Agriculture, Fishery and

Forestry Sector, and Iloilo ranked next. But Iloilo was the largest contributor

in the Industry Sector and Negros Occidental was only second. Table 11: Data Matrix: Total Family Income (P) by Households Head, by Kind of Business/Industry, 2000

Kind of Business/Industry

Industry Services

Province

Agric

ultu

re

Man

ufac

turin

g

Min

ing

& Q

uarr

ying

Con

stru

ctio

n

Who

lesa

le &

Ret

ail

Com

mun

ity, R

ecre

atio

nal &

pers

onal

Ser

vice

s

Tran

spor

tatio

n, S

tora

ge &

Com

mun

icat

ion

Serv

ices

Oth

er S

ervi

ces

Not

Def

ined

Total

Aklan 1,336.50 155.11 0 22.88 697.15 251.87 181.1 3,271.08 2,350.21 8,265.90

Antique 1,959.12 26.95 0 0 614.04 57.66 94.32 2,432.98 3,196.19 8,381.26

Capiz 2,491.26 99.14 0 0 574.94 279.43 468.2 4,856.99 2,719.22 11,489.18

Guimaras 182.85 14.25 0 8.69 231.06 0 51.83 950.73 647.57 2,086.98

Iloilo 4,894.56 759.43 26.73 309.85 3,563.46 852.17 1,276.66 15,375.35 13,542.68 40,600.89

Negros

Occidental 10,284.99 622.2 10.53 148.23 2,811.34 1,239.92 822.81 18,135.43 9,528.72 43,604.17

Region VI 21,149.28 1,677.08 37.26 489.65 8,491.99 2,681.05 2,894.92 45,022.56 31,984.59 114,428.30

Source: 2000 Family Income and Expenditure Survey, NSO.

62

Table 12: Joint Probability: Shares of Total Family Income by Households Head, by Kind of Business/Industry, 2000 (in Percent)

Kind of Business/Industry

Industry Services

Province

Agriculture.

Fishery &

Forestry

Man

ufac

turin

g

Min

ing

& Q

uarry

ing

Con

stru

ctio

n

Who

lesa

le &

Ret

ail

Com

mun

ity, R

ecre

atio

nal

& pe

rson

al S

ervi

ces

Tran

spor

tatio

n, S

tora

ge

& C

omm

unic

atio

n S

ervi

ces

Oth

er S

ervi

ces

Not

Def

ined

Total

Aklan 1.16 0.14 0 0.02 0.61 0.22 0.16 2.86 2.05 7.22

Antique 1.71 0.02 0 0 0.54 0.05 0.08 2.13 2.79 7.32

Capiz 2.18 0.09 0 0 0.5 0.24 0.41 4.25 2.38 10.05

Guimaras 0.16 0.01 0 0.01 0.2 0 0.04 0.83 0.57 1.82

Iloilo 4.28 0.66 0.02 0.27 3.11 0.75 1.12 13.43 11.84 35.48

Negros Occidental

8.99 0.54 0.01 0.13 2.46 1.08 0.72 15.85 8.33 38.11

Region VI

18.48 1.46 0.03 0.43 7.42 2.34 2.53 39.35 27.96 100

Source: 2000 Family Income and Expenditure Survey, NSO. 4.1.2. Pattern of Industry Concentration and Specialization

The concentration of Guimaras’ economy is on Services Sector with 6.62

percent, topped by wholesale and retail 2.72 percent and followed by other

services with 2.11 percent. The next concentration is on Industry Sector with

2.62 percent. The last is Agriculture with only 0.86 percent.

Similarly, the concentration of economy in Region VI is on the Services

Sector. Unlike in Guimaras which has Industry Sector as the second

concentration, at the regional level, Agriculture, Fishery and Forestry Sector is

second to Services.

On the Services Sector, Iloilo tops, with a very slight difference from Negros

Occidental which tops the Primary or Agriculture, Fishery and Forestry Sector.

63

Again Iloilo concentrates much ahead with other provinces on the Industry

Sector.

Compared with other provinces, Guimaras still has the lowest concentration

on the Services and Agriculture Sectors. But in the Industry Sector it ranks

fifth or second from the lowest which is Antique. The biggest contributor is the

Construction sub-sector primarily due to many government infrastructure

projects and private buildings being put up. Manufacturing, including food

processing and handicrafts also contributed much. Even if Guimaras is also

known for its large volume of limestone production particularly from

Buenavista, Mining and Quarrying reflect a zero share in Tables 13 and 14, it

might be that the production in 2000 was not that significant. It can also be

noted that limestone production as it involves quarrying and using voluminous

of firewood has negative environmental implications.

All the provinces in the region specialize on Services Sector. Similarly,

Guimaras’ specialization is also on Services Sector (59 percent) particularly

on Other services which include Private and Government Services. However,

it can be noted that among the six provinces, Guimaras has the highest

specialization on Services Sector particularly on Other Services, and

Wholesale and Retail. Guimaras has a total of 712 wholesale and retail

establishments which accounted for 88 percent of the total number of

establishments in the province.

The second specialization of all provinces in the region is on the Agriculture or

Primary Sector. This Sector also ranks second in Guimaras, with 8.76

percent, the lowest among the provinces.

The last specialization of the provinces is on the Industry Sector. Likewise in

Guimaras with only 1.11 percent, but this time Guimaras ranks third to Aklan

with Iloilo as number one.

64

Table 13: Concentration: Total Family Income by Households Head, by Kind of Business/Industry, 2000 (in Percent)

Kind of Business/Industry

Industry Services

Province

Agriculture

, Fishery & Forestry

Man

ufac

turin

g

Min

ing

& Q

uarr

ying

Con

stru

ctio

n

Who

lesa

le &

Ret

ail

Com

mun

ity, R

ecre

atio

nal

& pe

rson

al S

ervi

ces

Tran

spor

tatio

n, S

tora

ge

& C

omm

unic

atio

n Se

rvic

es

Oth

er S

ervi

ces

Not

Def

ined

Aklan 6.32 9.25 0 4.67 8.21 9.39 6.26 7.27 7.35

Antique 9.26 1.61 0 0 7.23 2.16 3.26 5.4 9.99

Capiz 11.78 5.91 0 0 6.77 10.42 16.17 10.79 8.5

Guimaras 0.86 0.85 0 1.77 2.72 0 1.79 2.11 2.03

Iloilo 23.15 45.28 71.74 63.28 41.96 31.78 44.1 34.15 42.34

Negros Occidental

48.63 37.1 28.26 30.28 33.11 46.25 28.42 40.28 29.79

Region VI 100 100 100 100 100 100 100 100 100

Source: 2000 Family Income and Expenditure Survey, NSO.

Table 14: Specialization: Total Family Income by Households Head, by Kind of Business/Industry, 2000 (in Percent)

Kind of Business/Industry

Industry Services

Province

Agriculture.

Fishery &

Forestry

Man

ufac

turin

g

Min

ing

& Q

uarry

ing

Con

stru

ctio

n

Who

lesa

le &

Ret

ail

Com

mun

ity, R

ecre

atio

nal

& p

erso

nal S

ervi

ces

Tran

spor

tatio

n, S

tora

ge

& C

omm

unic

atio

n S

ervi

ces

Oth

er S

ervi

ces

Not

Def

ined

Total

Aklan 16.17 1.87 0 0.29 8.43 3.05 2.19 39.57 28.43 100

Antique 23.38 0.32 0 0 7.33 0.69 1.13 29.02 38.13 100

Capiz 21.68 0.86 0 0 5 2.43 4.08 42.28 23.67 100

Guimaras 8.76 0.69 0 0.42 11.07 0 2.46 45.56 31.04 100

Iloilo 12.06 1.87 0.07 0.76 8.78 2.1 3.14 37.86 33.36 100

Negros Occidental

23.59 1.43 0.02 0.34 6.45 2.84 1.89 41.59 21.85 100

Source: 2000 Family Income and Expenditure Survey, NSO.

65

4.1.3. Internal Context of the Local Economy

The Services Sector dominated the economy of Guimaras in 2000 with 59.09

percent of the total family income, not counting the Not Defined figure which

accounts for 31 percent. The primary facilitating factor for this was the

flourishing tourism industry in the island. Under the Services Sector, Other

Services which got 45.56 percent share had the highest level of

specialization. The most possible services included in the Other Services are

private services like the tourism related catering services and tour-guiding. It

can be noted that Guimaras’ visitors arrival of 60,784 in 2000 increased by

152 percent from 24,115 in 1999.

These are the major tourism sites and events in the island which are mostly

found in the municipalities of Nueva Valencia, Jordan, Buenavista and

Sibunag.

Alobijod Cove, Raymen, Villa Igang, Rico, Guisi Clearwater, NVMPCI,

and La Puerta al Paraizo Beach Resorts in Nueva Valencia

Tiniguiban Islet (Pulang Pasayan), Rumagangrang Beach and Guisi

Heritage Cottage in Nueva Valencia

Taklong Island National Marine Reserve and SEAFDEC Marine Sub-

Station in Nueva Valencia

Karosahan Festival every 24th day of April in Nueva Valencia

Isla Naburot, Baras and Cabaling Beach Resorts in Jordan

Trappist Monastery in San Miguel Jordan

Ang Pagtal-tal sa Balaan Bukid in Jordan

Sana-aw Festival every last Friday of January in Jordan

Manggahan sa Guimaras Festival every April or May

Roca Encantada, Pagatpat Guest House, El Retiro, Kelapa Gading and

Carmel by the Sea Beach Resorts in Buenavista

Kinaradto Festival every 3rd Sunday of January in Buenavista

Balsahan Festival every 28th day of February in Sibunag

66

Costa Aguada, Nagarao Island and Jesa Mar Island Resorts, Punta

Punting Beach Resort and Valle Verde Mountain Resort in Sibunag

Other Services was followed by Wholesale and Retail with 11.07 percent, and

then Transportation, Storage and Communication Services with 2.46 percent.

The increasing population and economic activities especially tourism related

events significantly contributed to the large percentages of these businesses.

Agriculture, Fishery and Forestry Sector ranked second with 8.76 percent.

The Industry Sector ranked third or last with 1.11 percent. Under this sector,

Manufacturing got the highest share with 0.69 percent followed by

Construction with 0.42 percent.

67

68

69

70

4.2. Potentials for Contributing to Local Economic Growth

It is notable that the concentration and specialization of Guimaras’ economy is

on Services Sector specifically on Other Services which include private

services like the tourism related catering services, tour-guiding and other

personal tourism services, and then followed by Wholesale and Retail.

Furthermore, the resulting location quotients (LQ) shown in the following table

reflect that the Wholesale and Retail and Other Services Industries have

greater than 1 LQs meaning they have positive association which suggests

that they are providing more than local requirements and could be an export-

oriented or marketable to foreigners industry or be an economic base

industries.

Thus, the identified potentials contributory to the local economic growth in

Guimaras are:

1. Services Sector – Tourism

2. Agriculture and Fishery Sector – Mango, Cashew, Fishery

3. Industry – Food Processing

4.2.1. Services Sector - Tourism is identified as one of the strong

performers with high potentials for contributing to local economic growth in

Guimaras.

Negros Occidental tops the share, with almost 36 percent, of the total visitors

arrivals in Region 6 in 2007 (1,977,850) and this is primarily due to its MICE

attractions – Meetings, Incentives, Conventions and Exhibitions (MICE).

Aklan with its Boracay ranks 2nd with 31 percent. Iloilo which ranks 3rd with

21 percent, also has the MICE and heritage assets.

Guimaras ranks 4th, getting 8 percent of the total visitors arrivals. However,

Guimaras has an advantage and potential for growth due to its relatively

varied tourism attractions and potentials like beaches/resorts/islets, festivals

71

mostly community-based, religious sites/activities, nature, historical and

agri/farm sites.

Tourism is a growing industry in the island province of Guimaras. The visitors

arrivals have increasing trend from 2000 until 2005 with average annual

growth rate of 25 percent. However, with the Petron Oil Spill tragedy in

August 11, 2006 the visitors arrivals decreased in the succeeding two years

by an average of 7.3 percent annually. For the over-all trend from 2000-2007,

the average annual growth rate of visitors arrivals is 16 percent. On the

average, domestic visitors account for 97.4 percent of the total tourists arrivals

while only 2.6 percent is foreign visitors. For the same period, the percentage

of foreign tourists out of the total visitors arrivals has also increased by an

average of 1 percent annually.

The 2005-2007 visitors arrivals totaling to 511,323 contributed an annual

average of 10 percent to the total regional visitors arrivals and 0.54 percent to

the regional tourist receipts. Locally, the visitors arrivals contributed an

annual average of 170 million pesos tourist receipts to the Guimaras’

economy.

Tourism has generated various significant forward and backward economic

activities and employment in the island. There are 35 resorts/hotels/pension

inns, 34 tourism related producers, 774 land transport and 79 pumpboat

operators, and 19 tour guides, tour attendants and tour assistants.

Although the exact contributions of tourism cannot be accounted for, the

results of the 2000 Total Family Income by Household Head and by Kind of

Industry as previously discussed have supported tourism’s great contribution

to the local economy. In addition, the resulting location quotients (LQ) shown

in the following table reflect that the Wholesale and Retail and Other Services

both under the Services Industry, as well as the Construction Business have

greater than 1 LQs, meaning they have positive association which suggests

that they are providing more than local requirements and could be an export-

oriented or marketable to foreigners kind of industry, or be an economic base

72

industries. Likewise, the Provincial Product Account/Gross Domestic

Product (PPA/GDP) for 2002-2004 of Guimaras has somehow reflected this

likelihood as can be seen in the growth rates in the construction, and services

sector particularly in transport, communication and storage, trade, finance and

private services.

Table 15: Location Quotients: Total Family Income by Households Head, by Kind of Business/Industry, 2000 (in Percent)

Kind of Business/Industry

Industry Services

Province

Agriculture

, Forestry and

Fishery M

anuf

actu

ring

Min

ing

& Q

uarry

ing

Con

stru

ctio

n

Who

lesa

le &

Ret

ail

Com

mun

ity, R

ecre

atio

nal

& p

erso

nal S

ervi

ces

Tran

spor

tatio

n, S

tora

ge

& C

omm

unic

atio

n S

ervi

ces

Oth

er S

ervi

ces

Not

Def

ined

Total

Aklan 0.87 1.33 0 0.65 1.14 1.3 0.88 0.01 1.02 7.2

Antique 1.26 0.19 0 0 1.99 0.29 0.43 0.74 1.36 6.26

Capiz 1.17 0.61 0 0 0.72 1.02 1.61 1.07 0.85 7.05

Guimaras 0.48 0.38 0 1.28 1.48 0 0.87 1.16 1.12 6.77

Iloilo 0.65 1.27 1.89 1.77 1.18 0.9 1.25 0.96 1.19 11.06

Negros Occidental

1.28 0.97 0.88 0.79 0.87 1.21 0.75 1.06 0.78 8.59

Source: 2000 Family Income and Expenditure Survey, NSO. 4.2.2. Agriculture and Fishery Sector focused on specific crops or products

like mango, cashew, other fruits and nuts and fisheries including seaweeds,

has economic potentials which will significantly contribute to the increase in

the Industry Sector and ultimately in the best performing economic industry in

the province which is the Services Sector specifically the Wholesale and

Retail and Other Services.

Mango production is one of the province’s economic potentials. Mango is the

province’s export winner commodity. Guimaras mangoes have been

accredited by the United States Department of Agriculture (USDA) - Animal

73

and Plant Health Inspection Services (APHIS) and by Australian Quarantine

Inspection Service (AQIS) as the only mangoes that can be exported to the

mainland US and Australia. The Province has a total area of 5,202.8 ha

planted to mango and a tree population 250,043 as of 2007 with 7,555 total

growers. In terms of tree population per municipality Buenavista shared 50

percent and the lowest is San Lorenzo with 9.3 percent.

In terms of mango production, although the potential could reach up to 19,000

MT annually, however not all trees are ready for induction every year. Only

roughly 60-70 percent of the total bearing may be induced for the year. Based

on the latest 3-year data, the highest recorded production was in 2007 -

12,467 MT, next was 2006- 12,020 MT and 2005 - 10,902 MT. A remarkable

decrease in production can be noted in 2006 due to continuous occurrence of

rain during the production season. In terms of the province’s production

performance compared with the neighboring provinces, Guimaras ranks 3rd

with Iloilo as the lead producer with 27,109 MT, followed by Negros

Occidental with 15,436 MT. However, Guimaras ranks first in terms of

production of export quality fruit. Negros Occidental is considered as one of

Guimaras’ big local markets since about 20 percent of its production is being

shipped there.

Cashew production is another economic potential. Cashew, locally termed

as “kasuy” is a new emerging commodity and has high potential for both local

and export market. The demand for cashew in the export market is huge and

promising especially for the unprocessed cashews. Many traders and

exporters from Metro Manila demand for it. Back in 2005, the province’s local

cashew producers had the chance to participate in an International Food

Exhibition organized by the Department of Trade and Industry (DTI). The

producers were met with inquiries from investors of Lebanon and Israel

interested in placing orders at 2 - 5 tons per month. They found the

requirements of the said investors easier to meet in comparison with the

requirements of the investors from China requiring a 214-footer van per month

of packed cashews which obviously the locals cannot meet for lack of

74

capacities to produce the volume. Current production is just dominantly

backyard type with few farms on orchard type.

Although Guimaras produces good quality of cashew it does not have enough

material resources for the province to get into the export market. The

economic upshots of people’s past practices of cutting down cashew trees to

have its woods largely used as firewood or charcoal has been realized by

many. Thus, there is a provincial program called Kasuy for Life where locals

are encouraged to have unproductive lands in their respective areas planted

with cashew.

Cashew is considered as an alternative to mango considering that its

production is compatible to environmental initiatives. It can be produced

without usage of hazardous chemicals compared to mango.

Guimaras ranks 4th of the top five (5) cashew growing provinces in the

country. In Region 6, cashew production is dominated by Guimaras.

However, Palawan and Provinces in Luzon would be potential threats

considering their large area for expansion and their more advanced nut

processing technology

Fishing industry is also a major contributor to the provincial economy and

shows strong potential for growth.

In terms of marine fisheries production, Guimaras ranks 6th among the

provinces in the region, with Iloilo as the number 1. However, in terms of self-

sufficiency of its people on fish supply, only Iloilo is self-sufficient. Negros

Occidental has the greatest deficit while Guimaras has the least deficit.

Iloilo and Negros Occidental as they are the major fish producers, are also

competing in the Iloilo and Guimaras Straits.

As to inland fisheries production, Guimaras ranks 5th with Iloilo still as the top

producer.

75

Guimaras Island has several fishing grounds rich in marine resources

including the Guimaras Strait, Iloilo Strait, Panay Gulf and the Visayan Sea.

Fishing activities are concentrated in waters surrounding the island, especially

along 54 coastal barangays. Furthermore, there are also a number of

fishponds which can be improved, rehabilitated or expanded.

With the demand and the big potential of Guimaras for fish production,

fisheries is one of the economic drivers which could greatly help boost the

economy of the province.

Seaweed Farming. Recognizing the limited coastal resource base of the

shoreline communities of Sibunag, San Lorenzo, Buenavista and Nueva

Valencia, the concerned municipal governments have respectively found

Alternative means to augment incomes in their respective municipal

jurisdictions.

Seaweed capture has been identified as one alternative income generator

for coastal communities. The Office of the Municipal Agriculture Services

provides the technical backstopping and Department of Agriculture –

Bureau of Fisheries and Aquatic Resources provide the technology

support, propagation materials and seaweed cultivation skills training.

But even with the existing production support and guarantees for an

Augmented the income base of local households has not been

enough as experienced by Sibunag. Foremost, there was the commonly

experienced problem with traders screwing up the selling position of sea

farmers; the former buying the seaweeds at a very low price and the

latter naively giving in just so to earn an income for the moment. There

was also the problem of capabilities of seaweed farmers.

In addressing the Seaweeds Industry Problem Chain, based on the

experience of Sibunag, these were undertaken: Finding the Right

76

Market Connections; Training Seaweed Farmers as Entrepreneurs;

Tapping Additional Financing for Consolidating Growing Volume of Seaweed

Capture; Establishing a Buying Station for Seaweeds to facilitate the

consolidation of seaweeds and cash flow for people; and Hastening Recovery

from the Oil Spill Tragedy which happened in August 2006.

When Sibunag started with the seaweed industry, it had achieved a

production and marketing capacity of 10 tons per 1.5 month cycle from 12

hectares. Prior to the oil spill tragedy, it reached 16-20 tons. Currently, it is

working its way towards recovery. Thus far, its capacity is at 12 tons now and

targeting to exceed 20 tons, above the peak of its past performance.

There is a lack of planting materials however to hasten economic recovery in

Sibunag. The Philippine Business for Social Progress (PBSP) and

Department of Social Welfare and Development (DSWD) through its Self-

Employment Assistance – Kaunlaran (SEA-K) Program provided support for

the seaweed rehabilitation efforts through its purchases of needed planting

materials locally sourced, from the town of San Lorenzo.

The General Impact of the Seaweed Industry. The municipality of Sibunag is

successful with its project developing quite fast as expected. In less than a

year, it was able to sell in big volumes and break into the markets of Cebu

with its dried seaweed. The industry has steadily improved and has sustained

the income sources of seaweed growers which started with 18 registered

members in 2004 to 218 in 2006. As it was not much affected by the oil

tragedy compared to other coastal barangays such as in Nueva Valencia, the

industry complemented with the resiliency of the townfolks is fast recovering

and expected to exceed its past peak performance.

The municipality of Nueva Valencia has been likewise successful in seaweed

farming. It pursued the standard marketing and pricing strategies as Sibunag

did; in fact it embarked on the program prior to the time Sibunag did and

initially generated substantial employment opportunities for shoreline

77

communities. Without intending, illegal fishing, that is, fishing using dynamite

and cyanide, has now become a history in the municipality.

All households at the shorelines of the town were positioned to increasingly

augment incomes from this livelihood opportunity. Progress was anticipated

to be high, higher than in Sibunag but this was however interrupted by the

solar oil spill tragedy in 2006 as this town was first and worst hit.

Nonetheless, as of 2008, the municipality is trying to move forward. Inspired

by the resiliency of Sibunag, it is reviving the industry at the same time taking

advantage of new opportunities presented to the town after the tragedy.

What makes the seaweed different from the past undertaking is that the

farmers are now looking beyond being mere providers of materials to traders

with the substantial income of seaweeds farming going to the latter while the

seaweeds farmers themselves are not getting enough.

From a low seaweed unit selling price of P4.00, the farmers using the farmer-

entrepreneurship approach achieved getting an average seaweed selling

price of P28.00. Farmers sell their dried seaweed to the association itself,

their recognized group, the one that brings and sells the seaweed to Cebu

wherein it is sold at P38.00, a mark up of P10.00. The income of course goes

back to the association members which effectively increased the sub-sector’s

income level.

4.2.3. Industry Sector – Food Processing is another economic potential

which will significantly boost the province’s economy as it also contributes in

increasing the Services Sector.

Among the industries in the Region 6, Food Processing accounts for a large

share. Among the 6 provinces, Guimaras ranks 3rd (to Negros Occidental)

with 13.28 percent share (equivalent to P 3.65 million) in the regional total, of

the projected income of Department of Science and Technology (DOST)

assisted entrepreneurs.

78

There are 14 food processors in Guimaras who have organized themselves

into the Guimaras Producers and Processors Association (GPPA). They

produce fruit preserves which include dried fruits (mango, pineapple, papaya),

jams, puree, concentrates and pickles; mainly produced in Jordan and

Buenavista; processed nuts like roasted cashew nuts, salted cashew buts,

bandi, cashew butter, in Jordan and Nueva Valencia; and delicacies like

piaya, mango scotch, polvoron, barquillos, pinasugbo and banana chips.

There are also existing support from concerned various government agencies

like Packaging and Label Design from DTI and DOST, Equipment for

Processing from DOST, Barcoding from DTI, Technical Consultancy from

DOST, and Seminars/trainings on capability buildings from DTI, TESDA,

DOST and Local Government Units (LGUs).

There are also obstacles for services/production. On Tourism: there are still

many undeveloped/underdeveloped attractions, while some of the existing

ones need to increase or enhance their accommodation facilities; product

packaging and promotion have to be improved; tourist facilities like waste

disposal, washrooms, guest assistance/info areas, etc., also need to be

improved; communication facilities and tourism Infrastructure support like

ports, access roads, etc. have to be enhanced; more competent frontline

service providers should also be in place; there is also a need to increase

investments in tourism facilities and services; and the need to improve the

investment climate (power rates, investment incentives etc.).

On Mango production: CARP program has negative effects on attainment of

production targets since beneficiaries lack financial capability to invest in

mango production; mango production is very vulnerable to weather

abnormalities (La Niña, typhoon, etc); and the high cost of production inputs

particularly chemicals.

Under Cashew: occurrence of prolonged rain during the flowering period can

cause zero production; some farmers cut cashew trees for charcoal

production; and crude method of nut processing/production.

79

In Fishery, most fisherfolks have non-motorized bancas and poor fishing

gears.

Sources of Competition

Negros Occidental, Aklan and Iloilo are considered as the top competitors of

Guimaras on tourism.

With Negros Occidental’s expanding mango industry, it is also an emerging

competitor.

Negros Occidental and Iloilo are the closest competitors of Guimaras in food

processing.

The impediments in Food Processing are: insufficient supply of raw materials

to cater to large volume of orders; technologies on processing are not

upgraded on recent developments; and no BFAD LTO which impedes the

potential to expand market in malls and department stores.

The identified potential sectors also have potentials for local employment. On

Tourism, numerous tourism related employment will be directly and indirectly

generated like resort attendants/employees, tour-guides, transport service

providers and others. On Mango, to produce a 12,467 MT CY 2007

production, the industry requires 125,000 man-days for one (1) production

season or for the period of 4 months. On Cashew, more people will be

involved in planting of cashew. On Fishery, more people will be encouraged

to engage in fishing and seaweed farming, and this will eventually generate

additional employment. On Food Processing, as more processors will be

involved and more related facilities will be put-up, the more local employment

will be generated.

There are available and trainable labor force of Guimaras who can supply the

human resource needs of these industries.

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4.3. Local Factors

These are the local factors that many enhance the competitiveness and

efficiency of the potential industries.

Physical Resources

Guimaras has relatively varied tourism attractions and potentials like beaches,

islets, nature such as falls and caves as well as religious, historical and

agri/farm sites.

Soil and climatic conditions of Guimaras are very suited for mango. There are

now 134,666 bearing mango trees. Being an island, it is easy to establish

quarantine protocols where entrance of quarantined important pest and

diseases could be prevented and controlled. The 57,800 cashew bearing

trees are also adaptable in Guimaras’ soil and there are still large areas for

expansion.

Guimaras island has several fishing grounds rich in marine resources

including the Guimaras Strait, Iloilo Strait, Panay Gulf and the Visayan Sea.

Human Resources

There are available, skilled and trainable Guimarasnons for the specific

human resources needs of the potential industries.

Backyard mango growers comprise 70 percent of the total growers

(seeded/centennial trees). Meanwhile, orchard growers constitute 30 percent

of growers who usually use grafted trees.

Many small farmers are growing cashew on backyard, usually planted as

fenceline. There are also numerous traders buying cashew nuts from the

province.

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Capital Resources

There are contract growers investing in the production of fresh mango under

the production sharing agreement (30:70 and 25:75 for owner and contractor).

In addition, there are fresh mango exporters (manila based companies) with

US and Australian accreditation.

Credit windows from Government Financing Institutions (GFIs) and other

lending institutions are likewise available. However, most often the interest

rates are considerably high for a small producer but there are also some

private investors willing to invest in lending.

Infrastructure

The circumferential roads are mostly in good condition. However, there is a

need to improve the roads leading to many tourism sites. The Roll-on Roll-off

(RORO) Sea Transport System in Brgy. Hoskyn is capable of transporting

passengers, vehicles and buses and it is presently plying the route between

Iloilo and Guimaras having four (4) round trips per day except Thursday.

Meanwhile, the newly established RORO Port in Sebaste, Sibunag will be

complementing the RORO port in Hoskyn, Jordan and soon be in its

operation. There are also available and sufficient pumpboats in the major port

entry of Jordan and Buenavista.

The following infrastructure are also needed: post harvest facilities,

processing and packaging facilities for the fruit commodities, Common

Service Facility for micro processors and more irrigation or water facilities.

Knowledge Resources

Guimaras is fortunate to host the National Mango Research and Development

Center (NMRDC) in Jordan which takes charge of researches and other

developments on mango.

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There is a need for data banking on latest technologies, research and

development and for promotions and transactions on food processing.

Information campaign and LGU support on massive production of raw

materials for processing are also needed to support the growth of the potential

industries.

4.4. Summary

4.4.1. The concentration of industry in Region VI is on the Services Sector

particularly on other services. Guimaras contributes largely to this sector

since its concentration is also on Services Sector particulary on wholesale

and retail followed by other services.

Guimaras’ specialization is also on Services Sector (59 percent) particularly

on Other services which are both highest among the provinces in the region.

Agriculture, Fishery and Forestry Sector ranks only second (8.76 percent). All

of the provinces in the region also specialize on Services Sector followed by

the Agriculture, Fishery and Forestry Sector.

4.4.2. The industries that have the best potentials for contributing to

Guimaras’ economic growth are tourism, mango and cashew production and

food processing. Fishery including seaweeds farming is considered as

constrained performer which can best perform if supported.

4.4.3. Key infrastructure and other support facilities, capacity enhancement

activities, more supportive policies and increased investments are the most

important local factors which could accelerate the growth potentials of the

identified industries.

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5. Transportation, Access and Circulation

5.1. External Linkages

5.1.1. Description of external linkage of the province

Guimaras can be reached by air and boat from Manila and other origin, via

Iloilo City and Pulupandan, Negros Occidental. It can be reached by

ferryboats, pumpboats and other sea-going vessels via Iloilo Strait which is

about 2.5 km. in length and Guimaras Strait from Negros. The

origin/destination point in Iloilo City are located in Ortiz Street and Parola for

pumpboats and Muelle Loney for ferryboats, both with regular trips. Travel

time is about 15 to 20 minutes. There are regular trips from Guimaras via San

Lorenzo, with five pumpboats to Negros Occidental and vice-versa via

Pulupandan and Valladolid. Pumpboats, because of their size and speed,

have the advantage over the ferry in terms of the number of trips made, at

most six trips per day. They may also be hired for special trips.

The major wharves in the province are the following:

Jordan Wharf, Rizal, Jordan

MacArthur Wharf, Sto. Rosario, Buenavista

Tacay Wharf, Tacay, Buenavista

M. Chavez Wharf, M. Chavez, San Lorenzo

Suclaran Wharf, San Lorenzo

Tumanda-Cabano Wharf, Cabano, San Lorenzo

Puyo Wharf, Poblacion, Nueva Valencia

Cabalagnan Wharf, Cabalagnan, Nueva Valencia

The wharves are utilized for passenger transport and hauling of products for

industrial and commercial purposes to and from Guimaras.

The port in Brgy. Hoskyn, Jordan has been upgraded to accommodate the

RORO (Roll-On-Roll-Off) Sea Transport System capable of transporting

products, passengers, vehicles and buses. The system is presently plying the

route between Iloilo and Guimaras having four round trips per day except

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Thursday. Meanwhile, the newly established RORO Port in Sebaste, Sibunag

will be complementing the RORO port in Hoskyn, Jordan and soon be

operational. This can accommodate large vessels that will transport

passengers and heavy cargoes to include vehicles and buses to ply the route

from Guimaras to Negros and vice versa.

The province has a Feeder Airport in Barangay Mclain, Buenavista with an 18

m. x 6 km. runway and four meters shoulders on both sides.

There is also a private airstrip in Inampologan island, Sibunag primarily for

tourism.

Observable major concerns on sea/water transport include: unimproved

port/wharf facilities, inconvenient and limited space for docking areas.

5.1.2. Priority external linkages and facilities for improvement

Seaports and wharves

To fully maximize the province’s potentials for seaports, a major development

is planned to establish a seaport facility with the potential to become a

transshipment hub. The coastal stretch from Jordan wharf to Buenavista

wharf has an approximate length of 3.5 kilometers and possesses the

necessary draft to accommodate large vessels. The seaport development will

be effectively linked to the proposed District Agri-Industrial Area (DAIC) in

Jordan and the ECOZONE in Buenavista. In pursuing this development, all

possible implementation schemes will be explored such as partnership with

the private sector and other entities.

The existing Jordan wharf, RORO port in Hoskyn, Jordan and the Buenavista

wharf will also be upgraded to international standards to efficiently provide the

required transport demands for both tourists and residents. The upgrading of

these facilities is expected to pave the way for the eventual upgrading of both

passenger and cargo vessels from the present outriggers to the more

comfortable and efficient ferry boats, RORO vessels and fast crafts.

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At the eastern side in San Lorenzo, a passenger wharf will be established to

cater the needs of the existing passenger traffic from Panay and Negros. It is

expected that once this facility is in place, substantial increase in passenger

volume will be realized. This facility also has a potential to become a fast

craft terminal on a long term basis.

To provide the RORO link at the eastern side, a seaport was established in

barangay Sebaste, Sibunag. This facility is intended to serve as the cargo

transit point to complement the port in Hoskyn, Jordan.

A fish landing facility has been started with an initial phase of construction in

Lawi, Jordan. It involves the construction of a wharf that can accommodate

fishing vessels bringing in their catch. The wharf also has the potential to

serve as a mid-island port at the western side considering its relative proximity

to San Miguel. Another fish landing facility is planned in Cabalagnan, Nueva

Valencia to cater the needs of the fishing industry. This facility will include

establishment of cold storage and other ancillary services.

The existing wharf in Puyo, Nueva Valencia will be enhanced to provide

adequate support to the tourism industry. It can serve as an alternate port

that can directly bring tourists to destinations in Nueva Valencia without

passing through Jordan Port.

The Tacay wharf in Buenavista will also be upgraded to serve as an alternate

wharf for cargoes. Considering its proximity to the municipality of Leganes,

this wharf can be an alternative transit point to the new airport of international

standards in Sta. Barbara. This option will enable access to the airport

without passing through Iloilo City.

Feeder Airport

An airport development project has been initiated in Buenavista that resulted

to the construction of an unpaved runway measuring 18 m. x 6 km. with four

meter shoulders on both sides. However, further development of this facility

was not pursued owing to the selection of Iloilo to as the site of an airport of

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international standards for Western Visayas. Considering the investments

made on this facility, there is a need to utilize the area by developing it into a

feeder airport for possible use in transport of agricultural products and for

tourism purposes in transporting tourists using light aircrafts.

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5.2. Internal Circulation

5.2.1. Description of the internal circulation routes of the province

All the five municipalities and most barangays within the province are

accessible by land transport. However, three island barangays can only be

reached by pumpboats. The various modes of transportation available within

the province are jeepney, tricycle, vans and single motorcycles. Motorboats

and sailboats are the means of transport to the island barangays.

There is a total of 128.96 kilometers national road in the island province,

mostly paved with concrete and asphalt concrete at 72 percent of the entire

length, as of 2008. A length of 110.65 kilometers is concentrated on the

circumferential.

Based on the 2008 report of Provincial Engineering Office and DPWH,

Guimaras District, the total length of roads existing throughout the Province is

747.011 kilometers. A large percentage (79.48%) is yet unpaved. Overall,

only about 21% of the entire road length is paved. It also shows that 72% of

the national roads, 42 percent of the provincial roads and only 2 percent of

municipal/barangay roads are paved.

Among the road sections Rizal-Jordan (Pob.), Jordan-Piña, Jordan-San

Miguel, San Miguel-Constancia - Cabano, San Miguel - Sebaste, Concordia-

Oracon - Botconaway and portion of circumferential road from Sto. Rosario to

Suclaran, are considered of high importance for these serve as connections to

major ports/wharves, the urban centers, as well as the tourism destination

sites.

For better accessibility and stronger linkage, portions of the circumferential

road that are yet unpaved and the road sections connecting to ports and other

tourism destination areas, are considered priority for improvement.

The province’s road network is currently sufficient in terms of density. This is

due to the fact that new road constructions are being undertaken every year

to provide access to areas not previously covered. However, the challenge is

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the proper maintenance of these road sections to make it passable year-

round. Upgrading of existing gravel and earth road sections into concrete or

asphalt pavements will be pursued.

5.2.2. Priority internal routes and linkages and proposed new routes &

transport facilities

5.2.2.a. Priority internal routes and linkages that need improvement

Completion of the remaining unpaved portions of the circumferential road at

the eastern side of the island will be pursued. In addition, priority cross-island

links along the West-East corridor should be upgraded to all-weather roads to

improve internal circulation and strengthen port connections. This includes

the Rizal, Jordan-Pina-Suclaran Road Section, San Miguel-Sebaste Road

Section, San Miguel-Constancia-Cabano Road Section and Concordia-San

Antonio Road Section.

Arterial connections between growth centers in each municipality to the

primary growth center in San Miguel, Jordan will be upgraded to provide the

necessary support to the settlement plan that intends to develop the San

Miguel area as a provider of high level services and amenities for the

province. Currently, some road sections already function as arterial roads but

were originally constructed as distributor roads. Existing road connections

with shortest route distance from San Miguel will be upgraded.

Priority provincial roads will be upgraded to improve access to potential and

existing tourism sites. Among the road sections prioritized are San Miguel to

Lawi and Magamay to Dolores. Upgrading of other roads will be pursued

under this plan and eventually all existing road sections will be upgraded to all

weather condition.

5.2.2.b. Proposed new routes and transport facilities

The national road connecting the Jordan Port in Rizal, Jordan to San Miguel

growth center is the major thoroughfare that serves both arterial and local

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functions and hence, will soon be under heavy traffic. With the planned

growth in San Miguel and port development in Jordan, this road section is

expected to be congested and pose will problems in the next 10 years. At

present, a shallow corridor of development characterizes the trend along this

route which further adds to the pressure on this arterial connection.

In order to relieve pressure in this major arterial, it is proposed that an

alternate road will be constructed parallel to this road starting at barangay

Hoskyn to San Miguel. Proper route planning should be undertaken

considering that it would traverse sloping terrain and areas that are

categorized as protection forests.

Connections for the two major ports in Jordan and Buenavista will be

improved by constructing a new road. This will be done by conducting

surveys to determine the optimal route with minimal disturbance of the

environment and thus avoid adverse environmental impacts.

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6. Income, Employment, Service Access and Poverty 6.1. Employment and Unemployment Rates & Trends

The employment rate of Guimaras decreased by 1.5 percentage points from

92.30 percent in 2000 to 90.8 percent in 2003.

The provincial employment rate in 2000 was higher by 3.4 and 2.4 percentage

points in the regional and national rates, respectively. Guimaras was the

second highest province, next to Capiz, in terms of employment rate in 2000.

In 2003, Guimaras’ employment rate decreased by 1.50 percentage points,

and lower by 0.50 percentage point compared to the regional average. It

ranked fourth to Capiz which had the highest employment rate in 2003.

Unemployment rate in Guimaras in 2003 was 9.2 percent, higher by 0.5

percentage point than the region’s 8.7 percent.

Visible underemployment (refers to working less than 40 hours during the

reference week and employed persons wanted additional work hours) of

Guimaras in 2000 is 24.70 percent (NSO), 2001 - 24.30 percent. 2002 - 24.15

percent, and 2003 - 21.90 percent. Most often Guimaras has the highest

underemployment rate in the region.

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Table 16. Employment and Unemployment Rates, by Province, Region VI, 2000 & 2003

Employment

Rate

Unemployment

Rate Province

2000 2003 2000 2003

Aklan 87.1 93.6 12.9 6.4

Antique 89.7 82.3 10.3 17.7

Capiz 94.1 94.5 5.9 5.5

Guimaras 92.3 90.8 7.7 9.2

Iloilo 90 88.9 10 11.1

Negros

Occidental 87.2 93.0 12.8 7.0

Region VI 88.9 91.3 11.1 8.7

Philippines 89.9 89.8 10.1 10.2 6.2. Family Income

The total family income in Guimaras in 1997 was P1.8 billion which increased

to P2.6 billion in 2000, reflecting an annual growth rate of 15 percent. Among

the 6 provinces in the region, Guimaras has the lowest total family income

with only 1.7 percent of the regional total in 1997 and almost 2 percent in

2000. Guimaras’ total family income was only 0.10 percent and 0.12 percent

of the total family income in the Philippines in 1997 and 2000, respectively.

The average family income of Guimaras in 1997 was P74,003, second lowest

in the region next to Negros Occidental. This figure was lower by 14.7

percent from the regional average. However, this increased annually by 12.2

percent and reached P101,125 in 2000 and this time Guimaras became the

second highest in the region next to Iloilo. Yet the 2000 figure was still below

the regional average by 7.7 percent, though the gap has reduced by 7

percentage points.

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Both the 1997 and 2000 average family income of Guimaras were all lower

than the national average.

The real per capita income of Guimarasnon in 1997 was P14,440, it increased

annually by an average of 3.8 percent and reached P16,702 in 2000 which is

above the annual per capita poverty thresholed of P10,759.00 Guimaras was

the second lowest from among the provinces in the region in 1997 and third

highest in 2000. Guimaras’ real per capita incomes in 1997 and 2000 were

lower than the national figures.

Per 2005 data of the National Statistical Coordination Board on the Estimation

of Local Poverty in the Philippines, Guimaras ranked 44th with 0.4222 poverty

incidence which made Guimaras a graduate from the Club 20, poorest

provinces in the country.

Table 17. Total Number of Families, Total and Average Family Income By Province, Region VI and Philippines, 1997 and 2000

Income Total Number of Families Total (In Php 1,000) Average/Family

Real Per Capita Income

Province

1997 2000 1997 2000 1997 2000 1997 2000

Aklan 89,135 86,466 7,779,360 8,609,285 87,276 99,568 16,806 13,134

Antique 98,329 92,247 8,161,827 8,755,803 83,005 94,917 16,718 16,304

Capiz 140,999 131,121 12,394,520 13,022,037 87,905 99,313 15,206 13,706

Iloilo 290,481 291,472 24,317,689 32,095,069 83,715 110,114 15,678 17,609

Negros Occidental

466,808 422,175 31,586,381 31,208,300 67,665 73,923 12,320 11,723

Guimaras 24,692 26,091 1,827,289 2,638,452 74,003 101,125 14,440 16,072

Region VI 1,249,979 1,211,732 108,460,218 132,805,985 86,770 109,600 nda nda

Philippines 14,192,462 15,269,655 1,748,060,769 2,199,431,875 123,168 144,039 21,877 21,104 Sources: NSCB, 2005 Regional Social and Economic Trends, Western Visayas. NSCB, The Countryside in Figures, Western Visayas, 2007.

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6.3. Social Services

6.3.1. Health

Guimaras has 3 government hospitals namely, Guimaras Provincial Hospital

(GPH) in San Miguel, Jordan, Buenavista Extension Hospital (BEH) in Mclain,

Buenavista, and Nueva Valencia District Hospital (NVDH) in Lanipe, Nueva

Valencia. There are also 5 Rural Health Units (RHUs) which are all Sentrong

Sigla Accredited, 80 Barangay Health Stations (BHS) and 58 Health &

Nutrition Posts (HNP). As of 2007 there are 695 Barangay Health Workers

servicing in the whole province.

Hospital bed– population ratio

The total actual bed capacity of the 3 hospitals in Guimaras for 2007 is 97

giving a hospital bed-population ratio of 1:1,559 which is lower than the

national standard of 1:5,000, meaning it is satisfactory. The authorized bed

capacities of GPH, BEH and NVDH are all within the standards which are 10

bed capacity for primary and 25 to 50 bed capacity for secondary.

The actual public doctor population ratio of Guimaras is 1:5,264 which is

better than the standard of 1:20,000.

Doctor – population ratio

As to the doctor to population ratio, an average (2005-2007) of 1:43,000 is

registered by Buenavista, the highest, 1: 33,000 in Jordan; 1:35,000 in Nueva

Valencia; 1:23,000 in San Lorenzo and Sibunag. All of these are over than

the standard of 1:20,000 which implies the need for more doctors, with the

current situation, the doctors could be overburdened with more patients

resulting to unsatisfactory feedbacks. Regionwide, only Negros Occidental is

within the standard in 2007.

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Health workers – population ratio

The province’s rural health midwife ratio of 1:2,520 is lower than the standard

of 1:5,000 which means the province is better and has more than enough

midwives. Dentist to population ratio and barangay nutrition scholar per

barangay ratio are also within the standards. However, the actual public

health nurse ratio of Guimaras of 1:30,529 is higher than the standard of

1:20,000 which means the province needs more nurses. The ratios on rural

sanitary inspector to population and barangay health workers to households

are also higher or not within the standards. The province likewise needs more

health educators since the actual ratio is not within the standard.

Medical transportation like ambulance and service vehicles (vans, multicabs)

are also available in every local government units even at most barangays.

Infant with low birth weight

The rates of infants with low birthweight have been erratic from 2005-2007.

But it decreased tremendously from 8.8 in 2006 to 2.92 in 2007, however a

much lower rate was registered in 2005 with 2.83. The reasons for the

decrease in the infant with low birth weight maybe due to several public health

programs being implemented in the province in response to the existing and

emerging health problems of the people. These programs are available in the

RHUs and BHS.

Morbidity and Mortality Rates In 2007 as compared with 2006, there is reduction or improvement in almost

all health indices like the Crude Death Rate, Infant Mortality (lowest in the

region in 2007 and 2nd lowest in 2006), Maternal Mortality and Child Mortality

rates, Neonatal Death, Low Birth weight among newborn and Fertility Rate.

There is only a very slight increase in the Crude Birth Rate.

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Morbidity Rates by Leading Causes in 2006 and 2007

Causes 2006 Causes 2007

Number Rate Number Rate

1. Upper Respiratory Tract Infection

5,089 3,116.24 1.Upper Respiratory

Tract Infection

4,180 2,498.94

2. Acute Lower Respiratory Tract Infection & Pneumonia

1,046 640.51 2. Acute Lower

Respiratory Tract

Infection & Pneumonia

802 479.46

3. Injuries (all type)

601 368.02 3. Injuries (all types)

637 380.82

4. Hypertension 438 268.21 4. Hypertension 552 330

5. Urinary Tract Infection

306 187.38 5. Urinary Tract Infection

326 194.89

6. Skin Diseases 298 182.48 6. Skin Diseases 282 168.59

7. Pulmonary Tuberculosis

258 157.99 7. Influenza 207 123.75

8. Acute Watery Diarrhea

194 118.79 8. PTB 200 119.57

9. Influenza 190 116.35 9. Anemia 197 117.77

10. Anemia 168 102.87 10.Parasitism 195 116.58

Source: PHO, 2006 & 2007.

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Mortality Rates by Leading Causes in 2006 and 2007 Causes 2006 Causes 2007

Number Rate Numbe

r

Rate

1. Cardiovascular Diseases

231 141.45 1. Cardiovascular 206 123.15

2. Pneumonia 89 54.50 2. Pneumonia 95 56.79

3. Cancer (all forms)

83 50.82 3. Cancer (all types) 88 52.61

4. Pulmonary Tuberculosis

54 33.07 4. Injuries/wounds 42 25.11

5. Injuries (all types)

47 28.78 5. PTB 33 19.73

6. Cerebrovascular accident

44 26.94 6. Cardiovascular Accident

27 16.14

7. Congestive Obstructive Pulmonary Disease (COPD)

16 9.8 7. Diabetes Milletus 24 14.35

8. Diabetes mellitus 15 9.18 8. Sepsis 17 10.16

9. Renal Failure Status Asthmaticus

11 11

6.74

6.74

9. Bronchial Asthma 13 7.77

10. Peptic Ulcer Disease

9 5.51 10. Chronic Obstructive Pulmonary Disease

12 7.17

Source: PHO, 2006 & 2007. The top 10 leading causes of mortality in Guimaras in 2006 are also the

same, but with lower rates, with the regional causes (the only year when

regional data is available for comparison)

Comparing the morbidity rates of 2006 and 2007, 6 of the leading causes

have decreased: URTI, Acute LRTI and Pneumonia, UTI, Skin Diseases, PTB

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and Anemia, the other 3 increased namely, Injuries, Hypertension and

Influenza.

Most of the top leading causes of mortality and morbidity are non-

communicable diseases, preventable and related to lifestyles.

Proportion of Children 0-5 years old who died

The proportion deaths among children aged 0 to below 5 years old has been

decreasing from 15.33 in 2005 to 2.19 in 2007. This is a concrete result of the

interventions made by all stakeholders to improve the situation of the children

in Guimaras.

Proportion of children 0-5 years old who are moderately and severely

underweight

In 2007, Buenavista has the highest percentage of children aged 0-71 months

with Below Normal Low (BNL) and Below Normal Very Low (BNVL). The good

performers in 2006 and 2007 is Lorenzo.

From 2005 to 2007 there has been a decreasing trend in the percentage

shares of BNVL in the total combined rate from 3 percent to 1.32 percent and

to 0.81 percent, respectively.

The nutritional status of children aged 0 to below 6 years old or 71 months

has been improving with an average decrease of 3.94 percentage points per

year. This good result can be attributed largely to the various

programs/projects/activities that have been implemented by LGUs and

actively supported by the communities and encouraged them to improve their

family health practices or lifestyle.

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Fully Immunized Children

On FIC, Guimaras ranks number one (top 1) in 2005 as against the other

provinces in the region, but declined to number 5 in 2006 primarily because of

the change in the formula for computing the FIC which is from 3 percent at 85

percent coverage to 3 percent of the population and 100 percent coverage.

In 2005, Nueva Valencia has the highest percentage in terms of implementing

child care with 86.2 percent fully immunized children (FIC). Behind is Sibunag

with 66.4 percent FIC. In 2006, San Lorenzo has the highest percentage of

FIC while Sibunag has the lowest

Maternal Mortality Rate

The Province of Guimaras has a zero maternal mortality rate in 2005 and

2007, except in 2006 wherein 0.36 incidence, in Jordan and San Lorenzo, has

been reported. Consequently, Guimaras ranks first in the region in 2005 and

2007 but only 2nd (from the lowest) in 2006.

The outputs of maternal care programs of pre-natal and tetanus toxoid (TT2

Plus) have been erratic yet from 2005 to 2007 but have increased in 2007 as

compared with 2006. Compared with other provinces in the region, Guimaras

ranks 3rd (from the top) in 2005 and 4th in 2006.

Nueva Valencia is leading in the implementation of maternal care program in

2005 with 71.2 percent pregnant mothers with 3 or more prenatal visits and

68.3 percent given TT2 plus. Meanwhile Sibunag has the lowest percentage

in terms of maternal care implementation. For 2006, San Lorenzo and Jordan

are leading while Buenavista has the lowest percentage in maternal care

implementation.

Based on the DOH-CHD 6 reports, Guimaras ranks 3rd (from the top) among

the provinces in region VI on percentage of pregnant women given TT2 plus

in 2005, but declined to 4th in 2006 in terms of TT2 plus.

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Health Insurance Coverage

In 2005, aside from Philhealth insurance coverage of government workers

and a number of other households, total of 10,461 households was covered

by the local Guimaras Health Insurance Program (GHIP) with a 60:20:20 cost

sharing scheme (Provincial : Municipal Government : Member), In 2006 it

decreased to 8,211 and rose to 14,837 in 2007. The Philhealth indigency

program covered a total of 20,220 households in 2006 and 35,057

households in 2007.

Key challenges constraints, priority concerns and areas relevant to the

identification of health sector PPAs:

Provide access to health facilities/services especially of the island and far-

flung barangays and sitios.

Make affordability of health care services and medicines

Increase coverage of priority health programs

Improve health delivery & effectiveness

Come up with regulations and rules to support various activities

Advocate for healthy lifestyle to Guimarasons

Provide adequate public health nurses, rural sanitary inspectors, barangay

health workers and health educators

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102

6.3.2. Education

Simple Literacy

The simple literacy rate in Guimaras based on the 1990 Census of NSO was

94.97 percent. It also shows that there are more female literates than male.

Guimaras’ simple literacy rate is higher than regional rate which were 87.7

percent in July 1989, 91.9 percent in November 1994 and 92.5 percent in

2003.

Using the Basic Education Information System (BEIS) which generates only

division wide data, the participation rate of SY 2004-2005 is higher compared

that of SY 2005-2006 and SY 2006-2007. Based on the school-going age

population for 2006, the elementary age population (6-11 yrs. Old) is

estimated to be 24,517. Of the number, only 18,004 are enrolled in Public

Elementary Schools giving a participation rate of 73.43.

Net Enrollment Ratio

Elementary

Guimaras’ elementary net enrollment ratio in SY 2004-2005 was lower than

the regional rate of 76.93 percent but in the succeeding SY it became higher

than the regional rate of 71.68 percent. But this net enrollment ratio still falls

below the DepEd’s planning standard of 95.1 percent.

Data gathered from the municipalities reveal that in SY 2007-2008,

Buenavista tops (and above planning standard) with 101 percent and the least

is San Lorenzo with 90.51 percent.

The net enrollment ratio (participation rate) in Guimaras decreased by 1.93

percentage points from SY 2005-2006 to 2006-2007, this is because a

number of 12 year-old children are still in the elementary schools. The

decreasing participation rate is likewise affected by the higher projected

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population for ages 12-15, which is 16,044 per National Statistic Office (NSO)

while the number of enrollees ages 12-15 is only 7,400 per 2006-2007 Basic

Education BEIS. It should be noted also that the 2004-2005 participation rate

is much lower.

Key school performance indicators in the elementary level mostly improved

except participation rate which falls below the DepEd’s planning standard of

95.1 percent. The main reason for such can be attributed to the national

projected school-age population (age 6-11) vis-à-vis actual public enrolment

of this age group. The calculation of such indicator is based only on the

public schools enrolment while private schools enrolment is included in the

national projected school-age group. Moreover, many 6-year old children are

still enrolled in preschool classes.

The Division of Guimaras ranked number 1 among the 17 Divisions in the

whole Region VI in the 2007 National Achievement Test (NAT) for the

elementary level with 74.87 percent. However, this is still below the nationally

targeted 75 percent MPS.

Secondary

Guimaras’ secondary net enrollment ratio in SY 2004-2005 was lower than

the regional rate of 45.59 percent but in the succeeding SY it became higher

than the regional rate of 45.21 percent.

The same performance trend can be seen in the secondary level. But all of

the rates in high school are generally lower than that of the elementary and

fall below the DepEd’s planning standards.

Cohort Survival Rate

The cohort survival rate (CSR) , for those who enrolled in grade 1 or first year

and graduated in grade 6 or 4th year, for elementary increased by as much as

7.68 percentage points and 18.12 percentage points for secondary level from

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SY 2005-2006 to SY 2006-2007. However, it can be noted that there are

more high school students as against elementary pupils, who cannot really

consistently pursue their high school and actually graduate.

Elementary

Compared with the regional data, Guimaras’ elementary CSRs for SYs 2004-

2005 and 2006-2007 are both higher.

The elementary cohort survival rates from SY 2005-2007 have been declining

in the 3 municipalities, namely, Nueva Valencia, San Lorenzo and Sibunag.

Buenavista has no available data. Jordan has increased its rate by 3.88

percentage points in SY 2007-2008 (it has no data in SY 2005-2006) and it

has the highest CSR in SY 2007-2008 while Nueva Valencia has the lowest.

The National Achievement Test (NAT) of the elementary has been increasing

from 53.39 percent in 2006 to 68.37 in 2007 to 74.87 percent 2008. The

NAT of the secondary has also been increasing, but lower compared to the

elementary, 47.93 percent in 2006, 49.93 percent in 2007 and 56.01 percent

in 2008.

Secondary

The secondary CSR in SY 2004-2005 is lower than the regional rate of 61.97

percent but it is higher than the region’s 60.61 percent in SY 2005-2006. (No

available regional data for SY 2006-2007)

The secondary CSR, with the available data of the 4 municipalities except

Sibunag for SY 2007-2008, it appears that San Lorenzo has the highest with

96.9 percent and the lowest is Buenavista with 71.05 percent.

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Classroom-pupil ratio/Teacher librarian ratio

For the classroom-pupil ratio, an average of 1:28 elementary pupils and 1:35

secondary students have been registered for SY 2005 to 2007 which indicates

a better school room situation of children in Guimaras compared with the

standards of 1:40 and 1:40-45 in the elementary and secondary, respectively.

Teacher-Librarian ratio in the elementary and secondary level is also within

the standard but there are some schools with more population and others

have no library.

ECCD

On early childhood care and development, the Sub-Regional Multiple

Indicator Cluster Survey (SR-MICS) survey in 2007 conducted by NSO and

funded by UNICEF, reveals that 41.9% of Guimaras’ children 3-5 years old

attending Early Childhood Education. Although ranks second highest from

among the 24 Sixth Country Programme for Children (CPC 6) focus provinces

and cities, it is still considerably low.

Key challenges, Priority concerns

1. Low net enrollment ratio (school participation rate) especially in the

secondary level and in other school performance indicators in the

secondary level

2. Low percentage of children 3-5 years old attending early childhood

education

3. In the elementary, 8.6 percent or 76 of the total 883 classrooms need

completion, 24 percent or 211 need minor repairs, and 37.4 percent or

330 need rehabilitation. There are some high schools with higher

classroom-student ratio like 1:56 .

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4. Of the total 277 HS classrooms, 3.2 percent or 9 is unfinished, 37.5

percent or 104 need minor repair, and 11.9 percent or 33 need

rehabilitation.

5. No textbooks in MSEP and EPP, TLE, MAPEH and Values Education

6. Lack of workbooks and support instructional materials and insufficiency

in other learning materials, facilities and equipment.

6.3.3. Housing

Based on the Living Standards Survey done in almost all households

provincewide in 2005, on the average 88 percent or majority of the

households in Guimaras own their houses, only 12 percent are caretakers

and less than 1 percent rent.

In all 5 municipalities, there is very minimal number of households (1.0-1.9

percent) whose houses’ walls are made of salvaged or makeshift wall

materials. Sibunag (37percent) has the highest number of households with

house walls made of light materials while the least is Jordan with 16 percent.

Compared with the other 2 municipalities (2.1 percent and 2.9 percent),

Buenavista (3.9 percent), San Lorenzo (3,8 percent) and Nueva Valencia (3.0

percent) have more households whose houses are seriously dilapidated.

Jordan has the most number of households with houses made of sound

structures (44 percent).

In all 5 municipalities, there is very minimal number (0.9 – 1.7 percent) of

households with salvaged or makeshift roofing materials. Among the 5

municipalities, Sibunag has the highest percentage with light materials roofing

followed by San Lorenzo and Nueva Valencia. The nearest comparison which

can be made on this type of roofing is only against the 1980 and 1990

available Guimaras data which are 3.5 percent and 0.2 percent, respectively,

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which means for 2005 it has again increased. This is due to the increased

household population and the inability of the families to buy strong materials

and the increasing cost of these materials. Compared with the regional and

national data on the percentage of households with salvaged/makeshift

roofing materials, the 1980 rate of Guimaras is higher, but in 1990, it became

lower than their figures.

Presently, there is an existing housing site for the provincial and municipal

employees located in San Miguel, Jordan. This was acquired through deed of

donation sometime in 1989.

Challenges: ● Observation: Growing informal settlers especially in coastal

and urban areas

● More Socialized Housing Units/Relocation sites identified

6.3.4. Security

Police ratio to population in Buenavista is one policeman to an average of

1,804 population from 2005-2007; 1: 1,348 for Jordan; 1:1,694 for Nueva

Valencia; 1:1,225 for San Lorenzo and 1:867 for Sibunag. These ratios

except for San Lorenzo does not comply with the standard of 1:1,000

population for rural, which means our police force has to exert more efforts

and strategies to maintain peace and order in the province by increasing

number of police forces and police visibility.

The fire protection service of Guimaras does not comply with the fire

protection standard of 1 per 2,000 population. All the 5 municipalities have fire

truck but the number of firemen does not meet the standard of 14 per fire

truck.

All the 5 municipal LGUs have jails and functional pillars of justice system.

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Crime Rate by Type

Year Physical Injury Murder Homicide Rape Robbery Theft Total

2005 43 13 9 18 9 10 102 2006 52 14 7 17 9 4 103 2007 34 7 6 4 6 3 60 2008 48 16 6 11 3 6 90

Source: Guimaras Provincial Police Office Challenges: ● Additional fire truck for Buenavista, firemen and logistics for all municipalities ● More police forces, facilities and equipment

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Source:PPDO-Guimaras

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6.4. Utility/Infrastructure Services

6.4.1 Water and Sanitation

Water Supply

The 2007 Provincial Health Office Report shows that among the 32,621 total

number of households provincewide, 29,193 or equivalent to 89.49 percent

have access to drinking water of which 18.30 percent were served by Level III

system/facilities mostly in the urban areas, 4.67 percent by Level II and 66.52

percent by Level I or point sources. Nueva Valencia has the highest, 99.69

percent of households with access to drinking water but Sibunag has the

lowest with 71 percent. This would mean that 3,428 households, or 10.51

percent still have no access to safe water and these are mostly located in

remote rural areas.

The exploration and tapping of both ground and surface water sources for use

in domestic and commercial/industrial purposes will be pursued under this

plan. In line with this, all spring sources will be tapped to establish Level III

water supply systems to serve growth centers. Potential ground water

sources will also be explored for possible utilization through applicable

technologies that can effectively extract groundwater for distribution. The

present coverage of Level II systems will be expanded to cover unserved

areas while Level I systems will be upgraded. Eventually, this plan aims to

serve all growth centers and settlements with Level III systems.

Sanitation

As of 2007, 86.41 percent of the total households have access to sanitary

toilets. This is a little bit lower compared with the 2006 figure, where there is a

decrease of 0.08 percentage points. This decline is caused by the decrease

in the percentages of San Lorenzo and Nueva Valencia most probably due to

the increase in number of new households and the destruction of old,

dilapidated/unusable toilets in which the structures are usually made using

light materials. Since 2005 until 2007, Buenavista has the highest households

with access to sanitary toilets while San Lorenzo has the lowest .

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Challenges:

● Low water supply per capita due to the growing population and emerging

industries.

● Frequent outbreak of water borne/related diseases, e.g. diarrhea which is

one of the leading causes of morbidity

● Low percentage of households with sanitary toilets.

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6.4.2. Power/Electricity

Based on the Guimaras Electric Cooperative’s (GUIMELCO) report of power

supply in the province, there are 97 percent of the 98 barangays are already

energized and 18,664 out of 29,354 potential consumers or 64 percent are

being served by electricity as of 2007. Buenavista has the highest number of

households energized while Sibunag has the least.

The Guimaras Electric Cooperative (GUIMELCO) provides the electricity

needs in the entire island. Power supply is transmitted through a 2.5 km

submarine power cable from a substation in Ingore La Paz, Iloilo City. The

substation’s power comes from the Palimpinon Geothermal Plant located in

Negros Oriental which is operated by the National Power Corporation (NPC).

With the Cooperative’s capacity via the NPC of 5.0 Mega Watts, the

province’s power demand of 3.8 Mega Watts can be sufficiently provided.

However, due to the disturbances from bad weather, boat anchorage and

others, this submarine cable that transmits power from the substation in Iloilo

is susceptible to damage or disconnection. Thus, GUIMELCO resorts to the

Trans Asia’s Individual Power Plant with the capacity of only about 2.8 Mega

Watts, which is below the province’s required electricity, resulting to a power

rationing in the island.

There is a need to address the power supply sector by exploring possible

options in providing a stable, adequate and inexpensive system in the

province. The present submarine cable which is the main power line to the

source in Iloilo has reached its full capacity and has deteriorated over the

years. The significant increase in power demand for the last ten years and

the expected demand to meet the planned development for the next ten years

will necessitate the need to establish power generation facilities in the island

or establish a new cable connection to Iloilo or Negros to tap on the

geothermal plant. Priority should also be given in exploring renewable energy

sources such as wind power. Power generation facilities will however need to

satisfy environmental compliance and social acceptability aspects.

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Challenge:

● Unreliable power supply especially at times of bad weather

● Inadequate power supply

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6.4.3. Sewerage Facilities

As of to date, sewerage system is still lacking in the province. Flooding in

Barangay Poblacion, fronting the Jordan Central School and Municipal Hall, of

Jordan, Tastasan, Buenavista, and in Sitio Tinuslukan, Barangay Dolores of

Nueva Valencia are remarkable comes the heavy rainfall due to non existence

of sewerage facilities.

6.4.4. Solid Waste Management

The 4 municipalities, except San Lorenzo, have Solid Waste Management

Plan. Solid waste collection is being undertaken in urban barangays or built-

up areas of Jordan and Buenavista.

The province has two Controlled Disposal Facilities, one in Barangay Bugnay

in Jordan and the other in Barangay Pina, Buenavista, while the municipalities

of Nueva Valencia, San Lorenzo and Sibunag have one open pit dumpsite

each. Only the municipalities of Buenavista, Jordan and Nueva Valencia have

functional Solid Waste Management Board.

Telecommunication Facilities

Of the five (5) municipalities in the Province of Guimaras, only two (2) have

connections to landlines, namely: Buenavista and Jordan.

In 1998, there were 750 connections covering 5 barangays in the Municipality

of Buenavista. and operated by the Globelines. Recently, this number of

barangays covered is expanded to eleven (11).

In Jordan, the Telecommunication Commissions Office (TELOF), of the

Commission on Information and Communication Technology has a telephone

load/capacity of 1,944 and now operates in barangays San Miguel and

Poblacion with more than 335 total telephone lines installed, for residential,

business and public offices. There are also 16 cell sites of Globe, Smart and

Sun Cellular in the municipalities. Guimaras also hosts the television

transmitters of GMA 6, ABS-CBN 10, IBC 12 and PTV 2.

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Based on the Living Standards Survey (LSS ) in 2005, on the average, 33

percent of the households in Guimaras have cellular phones with Buenavista

and Jordan having the highest percentage while Sibunag and San Lorenzo

have the lowest. Almost 2 percent of the households have telephones with

Buenavista having the highest percentage while Sibunag has the lowest.

Almost 61 percent of the households have radio and 45 percent have

television sets. Buenavista has the most number of households owning those

appliances while Sibunag has the least.

Table 18. Local Service Standards SERVICES STANDARD ACTUAL Social Services - Health Medical and allied personnel Primary Hospital Secondary Hospital Medical Transport Ambulance Service Vehicle

1 Government Physician per 20,000 population 1 Public Health Nurse per 20,000 population 1 Rural Health Midwife per 5,000 population 1 Government Dentist per 50,000 population 1 Rural Sanitary Inspector per 20,000 population 1 Barangay Health Worker per 20 households 1 Barangay Nutrition Scholar per Barangay 1 Health Educator per 50,000 population 10 bed capacity 25 to 50 bed capacity 1 per 5,000 population Hospital Bed Population Ratio 1 per LGU 1 per LGU

1 Government Physician per 5,264 population 1 Public Health Nurse per 30,529 population 1 Rural Health Midwife per 2,520 population 1 Government Dentist per 25,440 population 1 Rural Sanitary Inspector per 25,440 population 1 Barangay Health Worker per 38 households 1 Barangay Nutrition Scholar per Barangay 1 Health Educator per 151,238 population 10 bed capacity - BEH 12 bed capacity - NVDH 75 bed capacity - GPH 1:1,559 (3 Hospitals) 1 per LGU 1 per LGU

SOCIAL SERVICES – Education and Culture Elementary Classroom

1 per 40 pupils

1 per 27 students

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Teacher Library Teacher-Librarian Full and part-time teacher-librarian Full-time librarian and part time teacher-librarian Full-time librarian Secondary Classroom Teacher Library Teacher-Librarian Full and part-time teacher-librarian Full-time librarian and part time teacher librarian Full-time librarian

1 per 40 pupils Separate building or room, well-lighted, ventilated, free from noise, accessible and centrally located 1 per 500 or less pupils 1 each per 501-1000 pupils 1 per 1,000-2,000 pupils 1 for every additional additional 1,000 pupils 1 per 40-45 pupils 1 per 40-45 pupils Separate building or room, well-lighted, ventilated, free from noise, accessible and centrally located 1 per enrollment of 500 or less students 501-1,000 students 1,000-2,000 students additional 1,000 students

1 per 27 students Separate room, well lighted, ventilated, free from noise, accessible and centrally located 1 teacher librarian 1 per 38 students 1 per 39 students Separate room, well lighted, ventilated, free from noise, accessible and centrally located 1 teacher librarian

Sports and Recreation Municipality/City Park Sports and athletics Natural Environment Area

1 park with a minimum of 5,000 sq meters in area per 1,000 population and maximum walking distance of 100-150 meters Public playfield/athletic field with minimum of 0.5 hectare per 1,000 inhabitants 1 sports facility per barangay Presence of natural, undisturbed and scenic areas suitable for recreation, scientific and ecological significance consisting of forest, water resources and other land forms

5 municipal parks Public playfield 1 sports facility per barangay 1 sports complex 1 gym(Province) 4 gym (Buenavista,San Lorenzo, Nva. Valencia & Jordan) Taklong Island Lombija Wildlife Park Islets, diving sites

Protective Services

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Police Force Fire Protection Service Jail Services

1 per 500 population (urban) 1 per 1,000 population (rural) 1 per 2,000 population 14 firemen per truck 1 fire truck per 28,000 population

1 per 845 population 1 per 3,800 population 9 firemen per truck – Jordan and Nueva Valencia 6 firemen per truck – Buenavista and San Lorenzo 6 firemen per truck – Sibunag 1 fire truck for Buenavista and San Lorenzo 1 fire truck for Jordan and Nueva Valencia 1 fire truck for Sibunag 1 per LGU

Welfare Services Women’s Desk Office of Senior Citizens Affair Day Care Center/Feeding Center Rehabilitation Center (for victims of drug abuse, vagrants, victims of disasters, calamities, child abuse, etc.) Adult Community Educational Program

1 per LGU

1 per LGU

Environment Protection Solid Waste Management Pollution Control

100% collection and disposal Absence of air, water and industrial pollutants 100% free from toxic and hazardous substances

Public Buildings and Facilities Municipal/City Hall/Provincial Capitol Socio-Cultural Center Museum Barangay. Municipal City and Provincial Library or Reading

Presence

Prov’l. Capitol & 5 Mun.Halls 1 Prov’l. Gym that serve as venue for cultural activities Province 1 per brgy./municipality

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Center Provincial Capitol

ECONOMIC SERVICES Infrastructure Services & Existing Road Network Provincial Roads City/Municipal Road Feeder Road (Barangay road, rural road, or farm-to-market road

Connecting all component municipalities/cities (except island municipal/city) Connecting major clusters of population to the city or town proper Connecting all barangays to municipal, city or provincial road

Connecting all component municipalities Connecting major cluster of population to the town proper Connecting all barangays to municipal roads

Level I Level II Level III

Point source(such as rain collector, wells and springs) generally for rual areas where houses are scattered too thinly to justify a distribution system Communal faucet system generally for rural areas where houses are clustered densely enough to justify a piped distribution system to a number of households Piped system with individual connection in urban areas with avg output of 150 liters per person per day

96% of the Level I faciltites is privately owned. Most of these are covered/improved dug wells. 6 water service providers that covers rural barangays located in the municipality of Buenavsita, Jordan and Nueva Valencia 17 operating water utilities of which two are water districts, Jordan and Buenavista. Buenavista Water Districts covers 9 barangays, 3 of which are urban. Jordan Water District serves 3 barangays, 2 urban and 1 rural.

Sewerage Services (province/municipality)

Existence of functional sewer system Absence of Stagnant water formation

none There are in some areas

Market and Slaughterhouse Accessible from all

directions and through all modes of transportation Site located in urban area Standard section and facilities Wet section

Accessible from all directions and though all modes of transportation Site located in urban area

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Semi-wet section Dry goods section Storage facilities Eateries Parking space Running water Proper lighting Proper ventilation Drainage Treatment plant or settling pond

6.5. Other Services and Facilities

Welfare Services - Children and Women

The Province of Guimaras has been endeavoring to become a child-friendly

province where children are put at the center of the development agenda of

the LGUs and ensured that they enjoy all their children rights on survival,

development, protection and participation . This effort especially started with

the implementation of the child-friendly program since 1999.

The Women and Children Protection Desk in every municipality is functional

which means within the standard of one per LGU. The Barangay Council for

the Protection of Children (BCPC) in 72 barangays are functional.

However, these are still the protection rights related constraints and emerging

concerns:

continued abuses, although decreasing in trend, on children and women

increased number of children in conflict with law (CICL) from 10 in 2006 to

23 in 2007

circulation of pornographic materials, illegal drugs and substances,

resulting to engagement in pre-marital sex, early pregnancies and drop-

outs among teenagers

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presence of gangs/fraternities in schools and among the out-of-school

youths

unsupportive family of victims and witnesses

lack of center/halfway home for CICL

lack of medico legal in the provincial hospital and untrained Municipal

Health Officers in the 2 municipalities

In promoting meaningful children’s participation in local development, more

children have participated in child-friendly activities of the community, schools

and municipalities. But these are still the gaps:

inadequate capabilities of the new sets of SK officials and other youth

organizations particularly on leadership, career guidance, planning and

budgeting

need to strengthen the partnership of SK with adult organizations like

government agencies especially barangay council, NGOs, faith-based

organizations and other children/youth organizations

limited children’s representation to the Local Councils for the Protection of

Children

Indigenous People

There are 128 IP households, with a total population of 633 staying in the four

identified areas in the four municipalities (excluding San Lorenzo), namely:

Kati-Kati in San Miguel, Jordan; Serum in San Nicolas, Buenavista; Ubog in

Lanipe Nueva Valencia; and Sitio Lininguan in Maabay, Sibunag.

Security of land tenure is still a problem of the Aetas particularly in Kati-Kati,

San Miguel, Jordan and in Maabay, Sibunag,. They still live in private lands,

which they cannot call their own. There is no identified ancestral domain in

the province. They still have to accomplish several documentary

requirements for the processing of land titles before they can a have a claim

in it. Thus, most of them have not yet transferred to the settlement areas.

There are also some non- Aetas who are tilling/planting crops in the proposed

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settlement area. For those who have lived in the settlement/CARP areas,

they find their backyard too limited for planting and animal raising.

The other challenges of IP’s include low level of family income, prevalence of

out-of-school youth (23 percent of the total children), malnutrition, lack of

farming equipment, inadequate water sealed toilets, potable water supply and

personal hygiene. Discrimination and bullying at school is still experienced by

IP children.

Interventions for persons with disability and senior citizen are also given

priority in the province.

6.6. Poverty

The poverty incidence of families in Guimaras based on NSCB reduced to

22.6 percent in 2000 from 29.6 percent in 1997, but it increased to

32.7percent in 2003 and to 35.2percent in 2006.

This means that in 2006 there are 49,790 families who are trying to make their

ends meet. The province, however, placed 4th in the ranking in terms of

improvement in the poverty incidence among families by region in 2003-2006

from being in the 6th place in 2000-2003 survey.

While Region VI’s poverty incidence has been reducing, in 2000 it is 36.6%

while in 2003 it is 31.4 percent and in 2006 it is 31.1percent, Guimaras’ has

been increasing and higher than the region for 2003 and 2006 by 1.3 and 4.1

percentage points, respectively .

Guimaras’ poverty incidence in 2006 is higher than both the regional

(31.1percent) and national (26.9percent) rates and ranks Guimaras third from

Antique which the highest rate of 43percent. The annual per capita poverty

threshold in 2006 for western visayas is Php14,405 while Guimaras is

Php14,811.

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In terms of improvement in the poverty incidence among families, Guimaras

ranked 45 in the whole country from 72 in the 2000-2003 survey.

Based on the NSCB Report on Estimation of Local Poverty in the Philippines

in November 2005, Guimaras ranks 44 (from the poorest), second better

province (next to Iloilo which ranks 48) in the region. Capiz is 23, Antique –

30, Aklan – 33 and Negros Occidental – 42.

From the same estimation, poverty incidence in the municipal level, San

Lorenzo posted the highest poverty incidence at 53.45 percent, while

Buenavista has the lowest with 36.86 percent.

There is another indicator which can reflect the socio-economic situation of

the people and this is the Human Development Index (HDI) which measures

achievements in basic dimensions of human development. HDI is the

average of life expectancy, weighted average of functional literacy and

combined elementary and secondary net enrolment rate and real per capita

income. The higher is the HDI level, the better is the LGU.

Guimaras HDI levels improved from 0.577 in 1994 to 0.622 in 2000. From

being third from the highest among the 6 provinces in the region in 1994,

Guimaras moved up to second (next to Iloilo) in 2000. Although still below the

national average of 0.656 in the year 2000, Guimaras ranked 21 nationally,

with Bulacan – 0.76 and Cavite – 0.73 on the top provincial list.

Another measure is the Quality of Life Index (QLI) which is the function of

elementary cohort survival, under five nutrition and births attended by trained

health personnel. The higher is the QLI or lower is the rank of the LGU the

better. Among the 6 province in the region, Guimaras ranked second in 1994,

4th in 1997, and climbed up to 3rd in 1999.

In 2005, Guimaras conducted the Living Standards Survey (LSS) with

technical and financial assistance from the Local Enhancement and

Development (LEAD) for Health Project. It was a complete enumeration of

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households in the province. Its primary objective is to determine the socio-

economic conditions in the barangay using a poverty instrument which ranks

households from highest to lowest according to living standards index. The

indicators used representing various dimensions of living standards include:

food security and vulnerability ( number of meals served in the past two days,

days luxury food served, days food was not enough in the past month, weeks

of stock of staple food); housing conditions (ownership of house and lot;

quality of roof, wall and floor materials, structural condition of house, electricity

use, quality of cooking fuel); water and sanitation (source of drinking water,

type of toilet used); and household assets (land, livestock, transport,

appliances/electronics).

The results of the LSS reveal that the percentage distribution of households

by LSI by quartile and per municipality as follows: Sibunag has the highest

percentage, 33.3 percent, of households belonging to the lowest or first

quartile, On the other hand, Buenavista has the least percentage with 18.7

percent. There is also similar information available per barangay in every

municipality.

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Source: PPDO-Guimaras

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7. 0 Land Use and Physical Framework 7.1. Existing Land Use, Trends 7.1.1 Existing Land Use, 2008 . Existing Land Use Distribution, 2008

Land use Classification Area in Hectares Percentage share

Settlement Built-up Areas 372.69 0.62

Protection 18,031.92 29.82

NIPAS Taklong Island National Marine Reserve 183.00 0.30

Non-NIPAS Forest Reserve 11,937.92 19.75 Mangroves 930.45 1.54 Wildlife Reserve Areas 620.96 1.03 Other Areas

SAFDZ Irrigated Ricelands 4,359.59 7.21

Production 15,338.29 25.37

Rainfed Riceland and Other Annual Crops 6,961.72 11.52

Mango Plantations 1,368.67 2.26 Nuts and Fibers 5,360.23 8.87

Aquaculture /Salt Production 1,587.67 2.23

Lime Production 60.00 0.10

Other Areas 26,714.10 44.19 Naval Reserve 39.06 0.06

Open Spaces, Pasture, Ravine, Shrubs 26,675.04 44.12

TOTAL LAND AREA 60,457.00 100.00 Source: PPDO-Guimaras

Under the current land use, Guimaras is the most sparsely populated province

in the region with existing built-up areas accounting for 0.62 percent of the

total provincial land area, while protection lands have the second biggest

share at 29.82 percent followed by protection lands at 25.37 percent. Other

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areas that include naval reserve, open spaces, areas for pastures, ravines

and shrubs represent the biggest share at 44.19 percent.

Guimaras has only one protected area under the NIPAS category, the

Taklong Island National Marine Reserve (TINMR). Located in the municipality

of Nueva Valencia at the southern tip of the island, it covers 41 islets and the

coastline of barangays Lapaz and San Roque. It has an aggregate area of

approximately 1,143.45 hectares consisting of 183 hectares of terrestrial area

and 960.45 hectares of brackish and marine water. It was placed under

protected area status by virtue of Presidential Proclamation No. 525 signed by

then president Corazon C. Aquino last February 8, 1990. The area falls under

the unclassified public forest category prior to its proclamation as a national

reserve. Currently, the Protected Area Management Board (PAMB) has

proposed the Marine Reserve to be classified as “Taklong-Tandog Island

Protected Landscape and Seascape” category Other Areas

Aside from the naval reserve located in Barangays Sawang and Zaldivar in

the Municipality of Buenavista with an area of 39.06 hectares, other areas

include areas classified as open spaces, pasture, shrubs and ravines with a

total land area of 4,988.59 hectares.

Protected agricultural areas under SAFDZ are irrigated ricelands which are

also included in the other areas category of protection land use and are

classified under strict protection and “non-negotiable” for conversion. These

represent a total of 4,359.59 hectares.

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7.1.2 Trends Existing Land Use Data: 2004 and 2008

Land use 2004 (hectares) 2008 (hectares) Built-up Areas 372.69 372.69 Protection Areas 12,984.99 18,031.92 Production Areas 15,338.29 15,338.29 Other Areas 31,761.03 26,714.10

Total Area 60,457.00 60,457.00 Source: PPDO-Guimaras

There are no notable changes observed in the land use distribution in the

province from 2004 to 2008 except in the protection areas where there was an

increase of area from 12,984.99 hectares in 2004 to 18, 031.92 hectares in

2008 or an equivalent increase of 38.87 percent. This is due to the provincial

land use policy declaring areas with 18 percent slope and above as reserve

forest.

Considering the limited area of Guimaras, the size of production areas did not

increase in the past four years. However, in order to maintain the level of rice

sufficiency of at least 98 percent, agricultural productivity was enhanced with

provision of improved irrigation and other agricultural facilities.

Settlement areas still remain at 372.69 hectares in 2008 with household

expansion still concentrating within the existing built-up areas in the growth

centers of the five municipalities, with Jordan and Buenavista as the main

growth centers.

7.2 Physical Framework (2008-2013)

7.2.1 Demand

Based on the 2007 census, significant increases in population densities were

observed with Buenavista registering the highest density at 342 persons per

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sq km., Jordan followed with 282, Nueva Valencia with 255, San Lorenzo with

240 and Sibunag with 146. For more detailed analysis, population density

maps were generated at the barangay level (see population density map).

This revealed increased densities for growth centers in every municipality

particularly Barangay San Miguel in Jordan where the provincial capitol and

commercial establishment are located with a 2007 population density almost

doubled at 803 persons per hectare compared to only 487 in 1995. Similarly,

town centers such as New Poblacion, Buenavista and Poblacion, Nueva

Valencia registered increased population densities from 1995 to 2007.

A comparison of population densities for the years 1995, 2000 and 2007

shows that Jordan has the highest growth rate at 23.7 percentage points. The

Municipality of San Lorenzo follows with 10.6 percentage points which is

facilitated by being the second fastest population growing municipality and the

smallest in terms of land area. These trends indicate that demand for housing

and other amenities is expected to grow in the next ten years. Consequently,

demand for expansion areas for settlement needs to be addressed. Particular

attention should be given to the primary growth center in Barangay San

Miguel in Jordan and the fast population growth in San Lorenzo.

In 2005, a land use planning process was undertaken wherein the provincial

physical framework plan was formulated simultaneous with the

revision/updating of Comprehensive Land Use Plans of the five municipalities.

The process produced a GIS-based provincial physical framework plan

integrating the municipal CLUPs for the period 2005-2035. The municipal

CLUPs identified growth centers and corresponding urban land use plans

were prepared detailing built-up areas.

7.2.2 Demand and Supply

In the planning process for the physical framework plan, sieve mapping

analysis was undertaken to determine areas suitable for urban expansion.

This involved overlaying several Map 25 (Initial Settlements Growth Map) and

Map 11 (Protection Areas Map). The resulting map of Map 26 (Initial

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Settlements Growth and Protection Map) is intended to identify potential

urban expansion areas without encroaching into protected and

environmentally constrained areas to facilitate the identification of urban

growth directions in each municipality.

7.2.3 Land Use Conflicts

The land use analysis show that land use conflicts would likely occur in the

Municipality of San Lorenzo considering the trend in growth of population

density and the lack of suitable expansion areas due to the existence of

irrigated ricelands in the town center. Existing communities are also within

the coastal zone which posed additional constraints. In order to ease the

pressure on the limited expansion area in the town center of San Lorenzo in

Barangay Cabano, secondary growth centers in Barangays Sebario,

Igcawayan, M.Chavez, Suclaran and San Enrique were identified to

accommodate future demand for urban expansion.

For Barangay San Miguel, Jordan, where the provincial capitol is located, the

constraint in urban expansion is due to the presence of areas identified as

forest reserve at the eastern and western fringes of the existing built-up area.

In order to avoid encroaching into these areas, development expansion will be

directed along the north-south axis wherein suitable areas are present (see

Initial Settlements and Protection Land Use map). Other Possible Land Use Conflict Areas

Built-up areas encroaching into forest protection areas

Areas with 18 percent and above slope were delineated and were

considered as forest reserve in order to be conserved and protected it

from encroachment. These areas are located mostly along western

part of the island stretching from the Municipalities of Buenavista,

Jordan down to central part of Nueva Valencia. Built-up and other

structural development inside these areas are being prohibited or

regulated.

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Production encroaching protection areas There are some production areas that are within the protected areas

like areas where nuts and fibers grown. It is found all throughout the

upland region of the island. These might be considered as production

areas within the protected

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areas. While cutting of trees are strictly prohibited in the protected

areas, nuts and fibers grown in these region are fruit bearing trees that

only yield fruits for consumptions. Lumber of these trees have no or

little economic significance at all discouraging local folks from cutting it.

7.3. The Overall Physical Framework Plan, 2008-2013 The overall physical framework plan is a means of achieving provincial vision

and goals by promoting economic development anchored on three major

economic drivers; agriculture, fisheries and tourism. It is the result of

integration of all land use components. The Framework Plan delineates areas

of production and areas to be conserved or protected and designate areas

where development takes place. The framework set to reconcile land use

conflicts and provides comprehensive guide and environmental analysis for

future development.

During the preparation of land use maps, sieve mapping analysis was used to

detect and harmonize different land use conflicts and to determine hierarchy

of land uses, i.e. which type of land use will be considered as priority given

conflicts and potentials. In this approach, map overlaying was conducted

especially the production and protection areas. But, there are cases that some

of the areas in the production are still considered protection. One example is

the SAFDZ irrigated ricelands, although it is in the protected areas under non-

NIPAS category, but still it is also in the production areas. Both are

considered in the Production and Protection Framework Plans.

Other sectoral plans included in the framework are the infrastructure and

settlements wherein major infrastructures are located and settlement growth

pattern are being described. Internal route circulation and external linkages

illustrate access between growth areas to amenities and social services and

portrays provincial role in the regional perspective being one of the region’s

major tourist destinations.

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Settlements Framework

San Miguel, Jordan will be developed as the primary growth center geared

towards establishment of urban amenities that can adequately cater to the

needs of both tourists and residents. New Poblacion, Buenavista together

with Poblacion, Nueva Valencia will be secondary growth centers while the

municipal centers of San Lorenzo and Sibunag will be developed to serve as

satellite centers. Specifically, the following development directions will be

pursued:

• Rational distribution of population to avoid over congesting the San

Miguel area will be done by establishment of secondary growth

centers in Nueva Valencia and Buenavista.

• Nueva Valencia growth center shall provide urban amenities and

services at the Poblacion area with adequate focus on the needs of

the tourism industry.

• Buenavista growth center in New Poblacion shall focus on both

commercial and institutional support facilities and services

especially for academic institutions.

• Town centers of Sibunag and San Lorenzo will be developed into

satellite service centers.

Due to the minimal increase of population in recent years brought about by

the successful population control program of the provincial government and

the out-migration factor, projected built-up expansion was set to be 500

hectares in 2013 from 372.69 hectares in 2008, distributed among the five

municipalities of Guimaras.

Jordan will have a projected expansion area of 96 hectares concentrated

mostly in San Miguel, Santa Teresa, Alaguisoc and Balcon Maravilla areas

while Buenavista will have 119.70 hectares. The municipality of Sibunag

although being the least develop area would require 128.20 hectares

concentrated in barangays; Maabay, Dasal and Sabang. Nueva Valencia

calculated built-up areas of 74.75 hectares while San Lorenzo would need

81.35 hectares.

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Emerging roles of Settlements:

MIGEDC:

The Metro Iloilo-Guimaras Economic Development Council (MIGEDC) is

an inter-LGU alliance involving the City of Iloilo, the Municipalities of

Oton, San Miguel, Pavia, Leganes, Sta. Barbara, and the Province of

Guimaras. It was formally established by President Gloria Macapagal-

Arroyo through Executive Order No. 559 signed on August 28, 2006 and

was designed to help address the area’s emerging problems brought

about by rapid urbanization and the spatial development challenges of

tourism and economic development.

The MIGEDC’s spatial development is based on assignment of functional

roles where Guimaras Province assumes the role of agri-eco-tourism

center. Municipalities in Iloilo Province will also have their assigned roles

with Pavia as the agro-industrial center, Leganes as the center for light

industries, San Miguel as the agricultural basket, Oton as the dormitory

and Sta. Barbara as the international air travel gateway.

MIGEDC formulates, implements, coordinates and monitors programs,

projects and activities that support the Mega-Region Economic

Development Strategic Framework of the National Government.

In realizing the MIGEDC concept of development, Iloilo City and

Guimaras Province forged a commitment to improve linkages between

the two LGUs by providing better facilities that would further enhance

linkage between Guimaras and Iloilo City. This project dubbed as

“Guimaras-Iloilo Ferry Terminal System” or GIFTS is expected to

upgrade existing facilities in transit points in the Municipalities of Jordan

and Buenavista in Guimaras Province and Parola in Iloilo City and

improve management capabilities of both LGUs.

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Jordan

Under the settlement plan, Jordan will be developed as the primary

growth center geared towards establishment of urban amenities that can

adequately cater to the needs of both tourists and residents. Rational

distribution of population to avoid over congesting the San Miguel area

will be done by establishment of secondary growth centers in

Buenavista.

Buenavista

Buenavista growth center in New Poblacion shall focus on both

commercial and institutional support facilities and services especially for

academic institutions.

Settlement Policies:

Promote and strengthen industrial growth corridors and economic zone

through provision of high-end infrastructure.

Provide settlement areas for indigenous people especially in the

Municipalities of Buenavista, Jordan, Sibunag and Nueva Valencia.

Identify disaster prone and other environmentally critical areas

Infrastructure Framework Adequate infrastructure support is a major component to improve internal

circulation within the island, good connections between the main growth

center and town centers and fast transport of agricultural/fishery products to

the market or port areas. This will ensure that rural communities can have

easy access to urban amenities at the main growth center. External

accessibility will be enhanced by improving port facilities both for tourism-

related commuters and residents.

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The main transportation components include the improvement of road

connections for the east-west corridors to link seaport facilities at the west

(facing Panay) to the east (facing Negros). A major port development at the

Jordan-Buenavista junction is planned to serve as a transshipment facility that

can generate significant economic benefits on the long term. Irrigation

facilities were planned for existing rainfed areas with potential water sources

to ensure the province’s self-sufficiency for rice.

The plan designates the Sebaste wharf in the Municipality of Sibunag as the

major port on the eastern side that will handle large cargo vessels. However,

the Cabano wharf in the Municipality of San Lorenzo on the eastern side of

the Island, which was once a major facility handling passengers and cargoes

plying Guimaras and Negros islands, will also be improved to handle

passengers and light cargo vessels. Based on the bathymetry map, the

Cabano wharf is found to be shallow and vulnerable to siltation.

Protection Framework

Considering the fragile island ecosystem of Guimaras, a balance between

economic development and environmental protection needs to be ensured.

Based on spatial analysis undertaken with the province’s Geographic

Information System (GIS), the forest cover in major watersheds should be

maintained. To achieve this, the plan provides for the maintenance and

enhancement of forest cover and protected areas both at the upland and

coastal/marine environments in order to maintain ecological balance and

sustainable utilization of resources. Wildlife reserves areas were identified in

the Municipality of Jordan and the island of Inampulogan as well as turtle and

marine sanctuaries in the Municipalities of Sibunag and Nueva Valencia.

The province maintains a 21-hectare provincial park in San Miguel, Jordan.

The area features the Macopo falls, a natural hydrologic formation that has

become a popular tourist attraction because of its attractiveness as picnic and

bathing area. The provincial government through the Provincial Environment

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and Natural Resources Office has undertaken extensive reforestation

activities in the area which resulted to the enhancement of forest cover and

the improvement of micro-climate. A tree nursery has been established in the

area wherein fruit and forest trees seedlings are being propagated for

reforestation purposes

Forest Reserve Areas with 18 percent and above slope will be classified as forest reserve with

the primary purpose of protecting these areas from deterioration. A total of

11,937.92 hectares will be placed under this category mostly at the western

side of the island in the municipalities of Buenavista, Jordan and Nueva

Valencia with lesser coverage in Sibunag and San Lorenzo. In order to

optimize its contribution in maintaining ecological balance, these areas will be

enhanced by initiating environmental projects to restore natural vegetative

cover in areas subjected to human activities and allow regeneration of

distressed areas.

Mangrove and Mangrove Reforestations

Considering the ecological and economic significance of the mangrove

ecosystem in a small island like Guimaras, it is essential that appropriate

preservation and enhancement measures be initiated and sustained. Under

this plan, a total area of 930.45 hectares of existing and proposed mangrove

reforestation will be preserved and enhanced in the next thirty years. This

target will attempt to restore approximately 90 percent of the mangrove cover

25 years ago.

Establishment of 500 meter- Mountain Buffer Zones

A buffer zone with a 500-meter radius will be established starting at the foot

of each hill. Considering that some areas under this category fall under the

jurisdiction of Jordan and San Lorenzo,a co-management agreement between

LGUs should be established. Approximate area for the buffer zone is 765.49

hectares. Activities within this zone will be regulated to avoid adverse effects

to the watersheds.

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Marine Sanctuary

These areas have been identified as critical/sensitive areas for sustaining

marine life. It comprises locally-declared protected areas basically intended

to serve as core zones for marine habitats. Owing to the fact that

sustainability of the fisheries sector mainly depends in maintaining the health

and vitality of marine ecosystems, these areas are put under protection and

management which will be further enhanced by appropriate resource

management measures. These areas cover approximately 6,198.78 hectares

covering the Municipalities of Sibunag, San Lorenzo and Nueva Valencia.

Major policy considerations in this framework are: • Conservation and enhancement of forest reserve particularly in major

watershed areas. Along with this, areas within 18% and above slope were

considered as forest reserve.

• Preservation of SAFDZ irrigated ricelands located mostly in the

Municipalities of Sibunag and San Lorenzo which are known to be the rice

granary of the province.

• Expansion of mangrove areas on the identified coastal areas of the island

mostly on the coastal of Sibunag and Nueva Valencia particularly in the

island of Inampulogan.

• Protection of wildlife reserve areas for fish and marine sanctuaries. There

are two known wildlife sanctuaries in Guimaras, the one in Barangays of

Balcon Melliza and Hoskyn and in the island of Inampulogan.

Other Environmentally Constrained Areas

This category will include coastal zone, rivers and fault lines. For purposes of

establishing the necessary buffers for these areas, a 20-meter easement for

all coastlines will involve an approximate area of 665.95 hectares for the

mainland and 355.81 hectares for the islets. A 20-meter river easement for all

major rivers will involve 602.01 hectares. To effectively mitigate the possible

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impacts of fault lines, a 50-meter fault line buffer will be established in

identified faultline areas which will involve 1,315.68 hectares.

Buffers and easement zones were identified to protect and conserve

environmentally critical areas from encroachment and inform people of the

threats and dangers near the area. Once buffers and easements delineated,

markers will be put along these zones to discourage encroachment and

regulate development within the area.

Environmental policies should be enforced through strict implementation of

environmental and zoning ordinances.

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Production Framework

Promotion of potential tourism destination areas

The agri-tourism image also calls for the integration of both rural and

urban lifestyle by developing a central growth center with urban amenities

while at the same time maintaining the rural character of agri-tourism

areas. Rural or barangay tourism features rustic agricultural communities

and fishing villages that offer city dwellers a respite from busy metropolitan

lifestyles in a relaxing environment.

In order to maximize the tourism potentials of visual corridors of the

province, viewing decks and rest areas will be established in strategic

locations. Visual corridors are located in the elevated areas of the

Municipality of San Lorenzo overlooking Negros Island and in Barangay

Alaguisoc in Municipality of Jordan facing Iloilo City and in Barangay

Ravina overlooking the scenic view of Lawi Bay.

Areas with scenic views at the western and eastern sides of the island

were identified as potential high-end residential areas. These areas can

be developed into low density residential suburbs that can attract high

income groups to settle in the province. The concept of residential resort

wherein housing units are established within eco-tourism sites can also be

applied in these corridors.

Preservation of SAFDZ irrigated ricelands

Irrigated and irrigable areas identified in the strategic agricultural and

fishery development zone (SAFDZ) shall be put under protection and will

be non-negotiable for land use conversion pursuant to existing laws.

These areas are located largely in the Municipalities of Sibunag and San

Lorenzo.

Preservation and enhancement of aquaculture and salt production areas,

mango plantations and other agricultural areas

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Regulation of Large scale Mining Activities

The province is rich in mineral and non-mineral resources. Lime

production is a major source of income in some areas in the province.

Lime is a major raw material for basing and resurfacing in road

construction and rehabilitation. Owing to its adverse impacts to the

environment, large scale mining activities will be strictly regulated

especially in Barangay Mabini in the Municipality of Buenavista which was

identified as potential area for mining exploration and extraction. The

provincial government has passed a resolution opposing large scale

mining activity pursuant to its development thrusts of agri-tourism

development. Enhancement of Aquaculture/Salt Production Areas

Existing salt production areas are concentrated at the eastern shores in

San Lorenzo and Sibunag. A total area of 869.01 hectares was computed

using existing land use maps generated from orthophoto data. Considering

its socio-cultural value however, preservation of these areas and possible

enhancement and upgrading of products should be promoted. In line with

this, the adoption of applicable technologies in aquaculture for increased

production will be pursued.

Development of Agro-forestry

Recognizing the impracticality of putting such a large area under strict

protection, agro-forestry was designated as a means of regulating land

uses in order to avoid environmental degradation arising from

inappropriate farming methods such as clean culture method.

The upper catchment area of the watershed covers a total of 21,319.79

hectares and straddles the five municipalities. Considering the need to

effectively protect these areas from adverse effects of resource

exploitation, land use will be limited to agro-forestry that may include

orchard development involving fruit trees and other high value crops. This

will ensure adequate vegetative cover in these critical areas to prevent soil

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erosion. Development on this area can include mango-based farms that

integrate agro-forestry modes anchored on mango production. The area

devoted to agro-forestry already reached a total of 14,050.74 hectares.

Coconut has the second largest area next to rice. Production level in 2004

totaled to 21,378 metric tons with average nut production of 31.53 per tree

per year. Existing laws pertaining to its protection should be strictly

enforced to prevent depletion. Considering that coconut is interspersed

with other fruit trees, it will be promoted for expansion to provide additional

vegetation in the watershed upper catchment areas. Other crops that

could be used for intercropping are sweet pepper, beans, banana and

coffee.

Major Crops

Mango

The area of mango plantations only includes orchard-type plantations.

Backyard-type plantations exist province-wide with some landowners

having as few as 2-3 trees in their lots. Based on 2002 data of the Bureau

of Agricultural Statistics (BAS), there are 139,600 fruit-bearing trees

belonging to the Carabao variety planted to a total area of 2,190 hectares.

Globally acclaimed as the sweetest mango in the world, Guimaras mango

will be promoted as the provincial banner product and production will be

continuously enhanced to strengthen its position in the world market.

Mango production will be promoted in agro-forestry areas to increase level

of production and at the same time provide vegetative cover in watershed

areas.

The National Mango Research and Development Center (NMRDC) will

provide the technical and research support to the mango industry. The

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necessary support infrastructures like road and water supply will be

provided in mango production areas.

Nuts and Fibers

Areas within the upper catchment of watersheds were also identified for

production of nuts and fibers. Cashew production should be significantly

enhanced by establishing farms based on this crop. Presently, cashew is

not cultivated but grows naturally in most areas in the province. Its

economic value is very significant and requires very minimal agricultural

inputs for production. In addition, production of other nuts such as Pili

should also be explored as well as fiber plants with industry linkage. This

may include abaca, bariw and other palms that are used as raw materials

for handicrafts, weaving and other products. This land use category

promotes the sustainable supply of raw materials while at the same time

maintain forest/vegetative cover in these areas. Other alternative crops

under this category include coffee, banana and beans.

Lime Production Areas

Existing areas subjected to limestone quarrying reached 60 hectares of

which 92 percent is found in the Municipality of Buenavista, particularly in

Barangays Mabini, Taminla, San Fernando, Dagsaan and Tacay. The

remaining areas are in Nueva Valencia and Jordan.

Under this plan, limestone quarrying will be regulated and will be limited to

the possible minimum level because of the perceived adverse

environmental impact of this industry on a long term basis. However,

considering the potentials of this industry in the production of high value

products like phosphates (which has linkages with feed milling industry),

initiatives will be undertaken to upgrade production methods to improve

efficiency and ensure use of environmentally-compliant processes. The

province will also promote a shift from the current production of industrial

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lime to higher value products such as phosphates to minimize resource

extraction and to substantially increase profits.

Tourism Areas

Agri-tourism Circuits

Agricultural and fishery areas will be developed to become tourist

destinations. In working towards an agri-tourism image, product

development is geared towards creating leisure venues out of agricultural

areas, without disrupting or replacing the regular farming activities.

Promotions are geared towards attracting general travel markets to a new

type of leisure product, releasing the province from the confines of

agricultural study groups and niche rest and relaxation markets.

The agri-tourism circuit will be developed and will serve as the primary

route for agri-fishery tour packages. In line with this, farms within the

circuit will be developed to become world-class destinations featuring an

image of “fun and enjoyment for all markets amidst an abundant

agricultural scenario”. Initially, several destinations were identified as part

of the circuit but these will be expanded to include other areas that will be

developed later.

In order to create variety of destinations in the circuit, development of

several models will be promoted such as mango-based farm, cashew-

based farm, inland fisheries, bee and butterfly farms and ornamental

plants farm. Areas identified for agri-forestry development in the

Production Plan of the PDPFP will be primarily targeted for these

destinations. Similarly, aquaculture activities in coastal areas will also be

included in the circuit. The plan encourages the development of

community-based tourism destinations anchored on agriculture, fisheries

and cultural heritage that promote community development and

empowerment.

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Eco-tourism Sites

In support of the agri-tourism image, eco-tourism sites will also be

supported to become world-class destinations. Adventure activities such

as rappelling, trekking, kayaking, caving and mountain trail riding will

likewise be developed. Consequently, bike routes and hiking/trekking

routes will be mapped out for use of tourists.

Tourism service facilities will be established in main gateways at Jordan

and Buenavista Ports and later on at San Lorenzo and Sibunag Ports.

These facilities will feature guest assistance services, restrooms and

internet-based information system.

High-End Tourism Attractions

Development of potential areas for high-end attractions that are

compatible with the Agri-tourism strategy will also be supported as long as

these are environmentally-compliant and socially acceptable. These may

include marine parks, mountain resorts, retirement villages, zoological

parks and sanctuaries, botanical parks and Information and

Communication Technology (ICT) parks.

District Agri-Industrial Center (DAIC)

The DAIC area will be established in Balcon Maravilla, Jordan and will

constitute the prime agri-processing facility in the province. This facility will

accommodate local agricultural products for processing. Its proximity to the

San Miguel growth center and accessibility from Jordan Port makes the area

highly suitable for this purpose. The site development plan of this area will be

incorporated in the planned San Miguel Central Business District.

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ECOZONE Development

Republic Act 7916 otherwise known as the Economic Zone Act of 1995 has

identified a portion of Buenavista, Guimaras for ecozone development.

Considering its significance in promoting economic development, the

establishment and operationalization of this area will be pursued under this

plan. Considering the need to avoid adverse environmental impacts,

industries in the ECOZONE will only be limited to those that are non-polluting

and non-hazardous.

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D. DEVELOPMENT ISSUES, GOALS, OBJECTIVES/TARGETS 1. Development Issues and Problems

POPULATION

Growth Rate

Presence of high densities and fast-growing municipalities: Jordan and

Buenavista Correlating the municipal population densities with the

population growth rate, the municipalities of Jordan and Buenavista

have high density (considering only the provincial density of 250

persons per sq km as the cut off) and fast population growth rate

(higher than 0.93 percent). These 2 municipalities have urban

barangays. They are also the major economic and administrative

centers in the province as well as the main gateways of Guimaras from

Iloilo.

ECONOMY

Agri-industry

Insufficient supply of raw materials for processing

Technologies on processing are not upgraded on recent developments

No BFAD LTO which impedes the potential to expand market on malls

and department stores

Tourism

Undeveloped/underdeveloped tourism attractions and accommodation

facilities.

Product packaging and promotion needs improvement

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Inadequate environmental and other tourism support facilities such as

waste disposal, washrooms, guest assistance/info areas. Incompetence

of frontline service providers

Low investments in tourism facilities and services

Poor infrastructure facilities

Fisheries

Declining fish catch due to over-fishing aggravated by the oil spill.

Agriculture

Mango

CARP program has negative effects on attainment of production targets

since beneficiaries lack financial capability to invest in mango production.

Mango production is very vulnerable to weather abnormalities (La Niña,

typhoon,etc)

High cost of production inputs particularly chemicals

Cashew

Occurrence of prolonged rain during the flowering period causing zero

production

Some farmers cut cashew trees for charcoal production

Unimproved method of nut processing/production

Rice

High Cost of farm inputs

Weather abnormalities particularly occurrence of El Niño

Outbreak of pest and diseases

Lack of post harvest facilities particularly mechanical dryers

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Key Support Infrastructure

For the three (3) major crops, inadequate infrastructure support: farm

to market roads, post harvest facilities (mechanical dryers and grain

centers), processing and packaging facilities for the fruit commodities,

and more irrigation facilities. PHYSICAL RESOURCES/TRANSPORT

Mangroves

Increasing pressure on the three coastal marine ecosystems

(mangrove, seagrass beds and coral reefs) due to increasingly dense

population, sedimentation, fishing impact especially of illegal methods,

pollution, mangrove conversion to fishponds, wave impact, boat

anchor, small boat navigation, gleaning and some tourism activities.

Unsustainable production practices and abuse of nature by some

people.

Forestland

High demand for fuelwood for lime industry.

The total area classified as timberland is very limited. Only 4.70

percent of the total land area are classified as timberland

Faster rate of cutting trees as fuel wood than planting/growing of trees.

Insufficiency of funds and technical capacity to procure and undertake

comprehensive (all aspects) environmental quality monitoring.

Geo-Hazards

Presence of faultlines in four municipalities namely; Municipalities of

Jordan, San Lorenzo, Sibunag and Nueva Valencia

Presence of naturally occurring harmful algal blooms (HABs) in coastal

areas

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Climate

Limitations of existing climate data

Climate variations have been observed in Guimaras as manifested by

conditions wherein it is raining in one area but just in another area it is

dry. Micro-climatic conditions differ in areas of the island and require

more detailed climatic measurements and advanced weather

observation facilities. This is very significant considering that

agriculture, fisheries and tourism are the primary drivers of the

economy.

Soil Erosions

About 57 percent of the total area of Guimaras suffers from moderate

soil erosion while 8.00 percent is severely eroded. Only 16.90 percent

of land area has no apparent erosion.

Flooding

Presence of flood prone areas are located in Barangay Poblacion,

fronting the Jordan Central School and Municipal Hall, of Jordan,

Tastasan, Buenavista, and in Sitio Tinuslukan, Barangay Dolores of

Nueva Valencia.

Solar 1 Oil Spill Tragedy

Long term adverse effects of the oil spill to human health and coastal

and marine habitats

Taklong Island Marine Reserve

At least eight individuals are claiming ownership of several islets within

the reserve on the basis of their previous settlement in the area. There

is one household residing within the reserve that acts as a caretaker of

the UPV Marine Biological Station.

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The proclamation of the area as a marine reserve has been questioned

by barangay residents of Lapaz and San Roque owing to apparent lack

of adequate public consultation prior to its endorsement to the national

level. Officials of affected barangays claim that there was no proper

information and awareness campaign to fully educate affected

stakeholders concerning the consequences of the proclamation.

TRANSPORTATION, ACCESS AND CIRCULATION

Sea/Water Transport

The existing main gateways to the province; Jordan and Buenavista

Ports needs upgrading

Jump off points to offshore tourism destinations should likewise be

upgraded.

Roads

Access to agri-fishery production areas and tourism destinations is

inadequate.

INCOME, EMPLOYMENT, SERVICE ACCESS AND POVERTY

Income

Both the 1997 and 2000 average family income of Guimaras were all

lower than the national average.

Health

Inaccessibility to health facilities/services especially of the island and

far-flung barangays and sitios

Most of the top leading causes of mortality and morbidity are non-

communicable diseases, preventable and related to lifestyles

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Inadequate public health nurses, rural sanitary inspectors, barangay

health workers and health educators.

Sports and Recreation

Absence of Municipal Park with a minimum of 5,000 sq meters per

1,000 population and maximum walking distance of 100-150 meters

Protective Services

Fire protection service per 2,000 population ratio is below standard at

1:3,800

Only 9 firemen per truck – Jordan and Nueva Valencia

6 firemen per truck – Buenavista and San Lorenzo

6 firemen per truck – Sibunag

Only 1 fire truck per municipality

Water and Sanitation

Limited access to Level III water supply system

● Low water supply per capita due to the growing population and

emerging industries.

● Frequent outbreak of water borne/water related diseases, e.g. diarrhea

which is one of the leading causes of morbidity

● Low percentage of households with sanitary toilets

Power

Unreliable power supply especially at times of bad weather

Inadequate power supply

Sewerage

Absence of sewerage system in the province

Solid Waste Management

Only 2 municipalities have approved sanitary landfill sites (Sitio Tanod,

Bugnay in Jordan and Sitio Kalalan, Pina, Buenavista)

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Collection and disposal of solid waste is not 100 percent and only done

in built up areas

Only the municipalities of Buenavista and Jordan have a functional

Solid Waste Management Boards

Education

Low net enrollment ratio (school participation rate) especially in the

secondary level and in other school performance indicators in the

secondary level

In the elementary, 8.6 percent or 76 of the total 883 classrooms need

completion, 24 percent or 211 need minor repairs, and 37.4 percent or 330

need rehabilitation.

Of the total 277 HS classrooms, 3.2 percent or 9 is unfinished, 37.5

percent or 104 need minor repair, and 11.9 percent or 33 need

rehabilitation.

No textbooks in MSEP and EPP, TLE, MAPEH and Values Education

Lack of workbooks and support instructional materials and insufficiency in

other learning materials, facilities and equipment.

Housing

More Socialized Housing Units/Relocation sites identified

Growing informal settlers in coastal and urban areas

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2. Development goals and objectives 2.1. Development Goals

Improve competitiveness and sustainability of the Guimaras economy

Ensure wholesome environment and judicious use of resources for Guimarasnons and tourists and improve transport and communication infrastructure

Healthy and empowered Guimarasnons families

Ensure optimal utilization of land

2.2. Objectives Economic

Increase agri-fishery productivity and profitability

Increase tourist receipts

Increase investments

Ensure markets for Guimaras products

Promote entrepreneurship

Reduce cost of doing business

Physical Resources

Improve sea and land transport system ( Iloilo-Guimaras-Negros)

Provide adequate infrastructure support for agriculture, tourism, social and environmental development

Improve the capacity of the provincial government in terms of

infrastructure management and development

Maintain air quality within the island

Maintain water quality and ensure its availability

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Ensure judicious utilization of land and mineral resources

Increase forest cover

Protect, conserve and rehabilitate coastal areas Income/Access to Services

Improve access to basic services

Improve livelihood and entrepreneurial capacities

Enhance community participation in development

Maintain peace and order situation

Instill positive values and attitudes

Promote healthy lifestyle

Land Use

Promote integrated land use planning at the provincial and municipal levels

Ensure environmental sustainability in the designation of land uses

Promote integration of both rural and urban lifestyle to

support the agri-tourism strategy

Ensure protection of communities against natural hazards

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E. STRATEGIES, PROGRAMS, PROJECTS, AND ACTIVITIES

1. Strategies, Programs and Projects

1.1. Strategies

The major strategies in implementing the plan are the following:

Promotion of Community-based Rural Tourism (CBRT) as the

approach in operationalizing the Agri-Fishery-Tourism

Development thrust

Increasing investments in IEC and advocacy on the areas of

health and nutrition, local economic development, infrastructure,

tourism and the drive against large scale mining

Enhance community participation in development initiatives

Adoption of an integrated approach in agri-fishery-tourism

development

Harmonization of land uses for the provincial and municipal land

use plans and adoption of specific roles for each municipality

Establish partnership with the academe, research institutions,

national government agencies and civil society organizations to

improve delivery of services

Stimulate investments in agriculture, fisheries and tourism

Diversification of livelihood and income to reduce dependence

on coastal-based livelihood

Promote establishment of renewable energy

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Facilitate private sector participation in the upgrading of port

facilities and services

Establish capacity development framework for agricultural

productivity

Diversify fisheries production by promoting freshwater

aquaculture

Promote integrated coastal management

1.2. Programs

The major programs are the following:

Agri-fishery and Tourism Development Program

Agro-forestry development program

Weather and Climate Monitoring Program

Flood control program

Integrated Coastal Management Program

Health Monitoring Program

Healthy Lifestyle Program

Guimaras-wide water supply development program

Renewable Energy Development Program

Sewerage Development Program

Solid Waste Management Program

Socialized Housing Program

Roads and Ports Development Program

Capacity Development Program

Provincial Agri-Infrastructure Program

Employment Generation Program

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1.3. Projects

Population Management Program

Responsible Parenting Movement/Urban planning project

for growth centers

Agro-Forestry Development Program

Orchards Development Project

Provincial Nursery project for fruit trees and nuts

Establishment of rain gauges in every municipality

Establishment of provincial weather monitoring facility

“Spare Guimaras” project

Tree planting project using indigenous tree species

Hydro-geologic studies

Construction of storm drainage infrastructure

Health indicators monitoring project

Environmental Studies Project

Oil Spill Monitoring & Assessment

Mangrove Rehabilitation Project

Seagrass Rehabilitation Project

Establishment of Artificial Reef

Technical Education and Skills Development Project

Investment Promotion Project

Entrepreneurship development project

Skills development project for gifts, toys and housewares (GTH)

Community Outreach Project

Healthy Lifestyle and Management of Health Risks

Construction of public parks with sports and leisure facilities

Training and equipment upgrading project

Acquisition of additional fire trucks

Water supply Capability building project for water districts

Nursery and tree planting project

Construction of wind farms

Construction of solar and wind powered street lighting system

Sewerage Planning Project

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Construction of Sewerage Systems

Establishment of Sewage Treatment Plants

Establishment of shared sanitary landfill facilities

(SLF clustering)

Establishment of Materials Recovery Facility (MRF)/municipality

Upgrading project for waste collection vehicles (with segregator)

Capability building and trainings of municipal solid waste management

boards re: roles &functions

Acquisition of sites for socialized housing

Construction of socialized housing units, facilities/amenities

Guimaras-Iloilo Ferry Terminals System (GIFTS) Project

Improvement of municipal wharves

Farm to market roads upgrading project

Provincial Road Management Facility (PRMF)

Conduct appropriate related trainings

Project Demonstrations

Lobby w/ Policy makers on Policy Support

Production of Promotional Collaterals

Attendance to Promotional Activity

Joint Venture Projects (MOA/MOU)

Conduct Training to enhance tourism frontliners

Investment Fora

Preparation of Investment Fortfolio/

Packages of Investment

Fresh water aquaculture

Coastal Zoning

Establishment of Fish Pens and Fish Cages

Techno Demo Farms

Agri-fishery Dev’t. Projects

GMA HVCC Project

Linkage to exporters and contract sprayers

Kasuy for Life

Agri-fishery Dev’t. Project

GMA HVCC

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Establishment of Village Level Processing Centers

Pilot Packaging Center

Certified Seeds Subsidy

Farm Input Support

Hybrid Rice Commercialization

Palayamanan Model

Establishment of mechanical dyers and grain centers

Rehab. of Irrigation Facilities

Rehab. of Farm to Market Roads

Conduct Campaign for Enrollment

Secondary Schools to Conduct Open House

No Collection and No Uniform Policy Program

Alternative Learning System Program

Supplementary Feeding

Sakay Eskwela Program

Schools/Classrooms Improvement

Acquisition of Instructional Learning Materials

2. Summary of Strategies and PPAs

2.1. Summary Matrix

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