GTZ Proklima: Publication on options and implications of ...– Use of hydrocarbons as working...

GTZ Proklima:GTZ Proklima:

Publication on options Publication on options

Publication on options Publication on options

and implications of and implications of

replacing HCFCs replacing HCFCs

with natural refrigerantswith natural refrigerants

• Main objective to highlight advantages and encourage

consideration of natural refrigerants as replacements for R-22

• Further objectives

– To present legislative implications of accelerated HCFC phase-out,

OBJECTIVESOBJECTIVES

– To present legislative implications of accelerated HCFC phase-out,

and related issues

– Address possible natural alternatives

– Introduce and means of overcoming main hurdles, e.g., safety

– Provide technical assessments of options

– Give examples and case studies of use of natural refrigerants in

systems previously using R-22

• Economic motivation– Concentrate resources for system changes for long term

– Secure jobs and save salaries long term

– Minimise foreign currency expenditures on chemical imports

POLICY RATIONALEPOLICY RATIONALEfor the use of Natural Refrigerants in A5 Countriesfor the use of Natural Refrigerants in A5 Countries

– Minimise foreign currency expenditures on chemical imports

– Strengthen national capacity to produce/maintain equipment and installations

– Eliminate supply dependencies associated with these imports

• Environmental motivation– Improve carbon footprint, environmental image of sectors concerned

– Concentrate R&D on energy efficiency potential utilising NR

– Reduce energy consumption and emissions from refrigerant production

• Project initiated in November 2007– Prepared and edited by GTZ Proklima

– Provisional version available April, to be complete by May

• Articles covered topics relevant to replacement of R-22 with

PREPARATIONPREPARATION

• Articles covered topics relevant to replacement of R-22 with natural refrigerants

– Massive, extensive subject, so impractical to cover all aspects

– Selection deemed to address a range of important aspects

• 30+ articles, of various length, complexity and depth– 30-ish contributors From Government, academia and industry

– Content and opinion is that of authors

– Only editorial and consistency reviewing from Proklima

• Publication divided into four corresponding sections:

– PART I: Policy/legislation on f-gases and alternatives

– PART II: Safety of natural refrigerants

SECTIONSSECTIONS

– PART III: Assessment of natural refrigerants in different

applications

– PART IV: Market developments and case studies

– The Montreal Protocol and Kyoto Protocol – Two environmental

frameworks – one goal

– Success and future challenges of the Montreal Protocol

– Aspects involved in the replacement of fluorocarbon to low GWP

PART I: PART I: Policy/legislation on fPolicy/legislation on f--gases and alternativesgases and alternatives

– Aspects involved in the replacement of fluorocarbon to low GWP

refrigerants

– Modernising refrigeration equipment with the Kyoto Protocol’s

Clean Development Mechanism

– Protecting the ozone layer and the climate from halogenated

substances – Measures in the European Union

– Safety rules for the application of hydrocarbon refrigerants

– Ammonia and its reputation as refrigerant

– Safety aspects of CO2

– Safety of appliances using hydrocarbon refrigerants

PART II: PART II: Safety of natural refrigerantsSafety of natural refrigerants

– Safety of appliances using hydrocarbon refrigerants

– Safe plantrooms for large hydrocarbon chillers

– Opportunities for the application of natural refrigerants

– Application of ammonia heat pump systems for heating and

cooling of non-residential buildings

– CO2 heat pumps – Background, status and outlook

PART III: PART III: Assessment of natural refrigerants in different applicationsAssessment of natural refrigerants in different applications

– CO2 heat pumps – Background, status and outlook

– Trends and perspectives in supermarket refrigeration

– An assessment of retrofitting supermarkets with indirect systems

– Use of hydrocarbons as working fluids in heat pumps and

refrigeration equipment

– HC refrigerant as alternative refrigerant in AC

– Experimental assessment of HC-290 as a substitute to HCFC-22

in a window air conditioner

• First half focuses on components

– Quality of natural refrigerants

– Capacity control of refrigeration systems with screw compressors

and economizers

PART IV: PART IV: Market developments and case studiesMarket developments and case studies

and economizers

– Propane as an alternative to R22 for small refrigeration systems

at high ambient temperatures

– CO2 evaporators

• Second half focuses on systems and applications– Environmentally friendly refrigeration in the retail trade

– Refrigeration systems for warm climates using only CO2 as a working fluid

PART IV: PART IV: Market developments and case studiesMarket developments and case studies

working fluid

– The first CO2 supermarket plant in New Zealand

– Natural refrigerants in dairy processing, supermarket refrigeration and air conditioning

– Water chillers with ammonia for building services

– Green ice cream cabinets - Unilever’s move from HCFCs to HCs

– Case studies on HC conversion in large chillers

– Developing a product range for climate and ozone friendly technologies

• Also includes– Summarising comments

– Contributors' list

– Organisations able to provide further information

ADDITIONAL ADDITIONAL

– Organisations able to provide further information

– Glossary of terms

• Final version will be launched in July 2008 at the Open Ended Working Group Meeting in Bangkok, Thailand

Official Book Launch Official Book Launch

Linda Ederberg (Co-Editor)

Email [email protected]

Contact Information Contact Information

Email [email protected]

Phone +49 6174 964575

GTZ Proklima: Publication on options and implications of ...– Use of hydrocarbons as working...

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