KAUR, Jasmit

DUGAN, Jona Marie

PINEDA, Sherlene

PAMINTUAN, Leander

GROUP 5

EARTHQUAKE AND

TSUNAMI

WHAT IS EARTHQUAKE?

• A sudden movement of the earth's crust caused by the release of stress accumulated along geologic faults or by volcanic activity. Also called seism, temblor.

• . a series of vibrations induced in the earth's crust by the abrupt rupture and rebound of rocks in which elastic strain has been slowly accumulating.

BEFORE EARTHQUAKE:

• Make sure you have a fire extinguisher, first aid kit, a battery-powered radio, a flashlight, and extra batteries at home.

• Learn first aid.

• Learn how to turn off the gas, water, and electricity.

• Make up a plan of where to meet your family after an earthquake.

• Don't leave heavy objects on shelves (they'll fall during a quake).

• Anchor heavy furniture, cupboards, and appliances to the walls or floor.

• Learn the earthquake plan at your school or workplace.

WHEN DO EARTHQUAKE OCCUR?

• Earthquakes occur all the time all over the world, both along plate edges and along faults. Most earthquakes occur along the edge of the oceanic and continental plates. The earth's crust (the outer layer of the planet) is made up of several pieces, called plates .

WHAT TO DO?

DURING EARTHQUAKE:

• Stay calm! If you're indoors, stay inside. If you're outside, stay outside.

• If you're indoors, stand against a wall near the center of the building, stand in a doorway, or crawl under heavy furniture (a desk or table). Stay away from windows and outside doors.

• If you're outdoors, stay in the open away from power lines or anything that might fall. Stay away from buildings (stuff might fall off the building or the building could fall on you).

• Don't use matches, candles, or any flame. Broken gas lines and fire don't mix.

• If you're in a car, stop the car and stay inside the car until the earthquake stops.

• Don't use elevators (they'll probably get stuck anyway).

AFTER EARTHQUAKE:• Check yourself and others for injuries. Provide first aid for anyone who needs it.

• Check water, gas, and electric lines for damage. If any are damaged, shut off the valves. Check for the smell of gas. If you smell it, open all the windows and doors, leave immediately, and report it to the authorities (use someone else's phone).

• Turn on the radio. Don't use the phone unless it's an emergency.

• Stay out of damaged buildings.

• Be careful around broken glass and debris. Wear boots or sturdy shoes to keep from cutting your feet.

• Be careful of chimneys (they may fall on you).

• Stay away from beaches. Tsunamis and seiches sometimes hit after the ground has stopped shaking.

• Stay away from damaged areas.

• If you're at school or work, follow the emergency plan or the instructions of the person in charge.

• Expect aftershocks

WHAT IS THE CAUSE OF EARTHQUAKES?

• Earthquakes are usually caused when rock underground suddenly breaks along a fault. This sudden release of energy causes the seismic waves that make the ground shake. When two blocks of rock or two plates are rubbing against each other, they stick a little

WHERE DO EARTHQUAKES FORM?

• Earthquakes can also occur far from the edges of plates, along faults. Faults are cracks in the earth where sections of a plate (or two plates) are moving in different directions. Faults are caused by all that bumping and sliding the plates do. They are more common near the edges of the plates.

WHAT IS TSUNAMI?

• a long high sea wave caused by an earthquake, submarine landslide, or other disturbance.

• an arrival or occurrence of something in overwhelming quantities or amounts.

• "a tsunami of data pours into the CNBC newsroom every minute of every trading day"

WHEN DO TSUNAMI HAPPEN?

• Tsunamis happen when earthquakes, landslides or volcanic eruptions disturb the ocean floor. Most tsunamis occur when there are earthquakes at tectonic plate boundaries. When the ocean floor at the boundary rises or falls, it moves the water above and creates the huge waves that become tsunamis

• Tsunamis can wreak havoc on coastal populations and landscapes. The December 26, 2004, tsunami in the Indian Ocean claimed some 150,000 lives and cleared the landscape on millions of acres of oceanfront terrain. Here are some measures you can take to avoid trouble if you're caught in a tsunami.

Safety Tips• When in coastal areas, stay alert for tsunami warnings.

• Plan an evacuation route that leads to higher ground.

• Know the warning signs of a tsunami: rapidly rising or falling coastal waters and rumblings of an offshore earthquake.

• Never stay near shore to watch a tsunami come in.

• A tsunami is a series of waves. Do not return to an affected coastal area until authorities say it is safe.

HOW TO PREPARE FOR A TSUNAMI

• Check your house and land for any potential dangers related to flooding.

• Identify any vulnerability and repair it.

• Learn how to turn off the gas and electricity in your house. Local authorities may instruct you to shut these off.

• Do not store your important documents in the basement. Keep them at a higher level, protected from flood damage.

• Ensure that your family has an emergency kit and plan.

• Ensure the emergency kit is portable, in a back-pack or suitcase with wheels.

DURING TSUNAMI

• Go to higher ground, at least ten metres above sea level, or if possible move at least one kilometre away from all beaches and the water's edge of harbours and coastal estuaries.

• Take only essential items that you can carry including important papers, family photographs and medical needs.

• It may be in your own interests to walk to safety if possible to avoid traffic jams.

• If you cannot leave the area take shelter in the upper storey of a sturdy brick or concrete multi-storey building.

• Do not go to the coast to watch the tsunami, as there is the possibility of dangerous, localised land inundation.

• Tune into your emergency broadcasters - ABC Local Radio, commercial radio and designated community radio stations, or SKY NEWS Television

AFTER TSUNAMI

• Return home only after local officials tell you it is safe. A tsunami is a series of waves that may continue for hours. Do not assume that after one wave the danger is over. The next wave may be larger than the first one.

• Avoid disaster areas. Your presence might interfere with emergency response operations and put you at further risk from the residual effects of floods.

• Stay away from debris in the water; it may pose a safety hazard to people or pets.

• Check yourself for injuries and get first aid as needed before helping injured or trapped persons.

• If someone needs to be rescued, call professionals with the right equipment to help. Many people have been killed or injured trying to rescue others.

• Help people who require special assistance—infants, elderly people, those without transportation, people with access and functional needs and large families who may need additional help in an emergency situation.

• Continue using a NOAA Weather Radio or tuning to a Coast Guard station or a local radio or television station for the latest updates.

• Stay out of any building that has water around it. Tsunami water can cause floors to crack or walls to collapse.

• Use caution when re-entering buildings or homes. Tsunami-driven floodwater may have damaged buildings where you least expect it. Carefully watch every step you take.

• To avoid injury, wear protective clothing and be cautious when cleaning up.