Greenhouse_Grapes - Bridgett Neu Adv Plant Sci Class

8/9/2019 Greenhouse_Grapes - Bridgett Neu Adv Plant Sci Class

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Growing Grapes andtheir usesRachel Peterson

Modified by Georgia Agricultural Education Curriculum Office

June 2002


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Introduction

Grapes are the most common fruit and are alsothe oldest cultivated plant throughout the world.

This presentation will define the grape andinform you on the general information, nutritionalfacts, and the many varieties of grapes. If yourpondering growing grapes here, in Wisconsin,

there is helpful information on how to do it andproblems that may occur. I explain the parts ofthe plant, site selection, planting, pruning,harvesting and picking, and diseases. Lets startout by asking, What is a grape?


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Definition

Grape (grap),n. derived

from an Old French word

"grape," meaning"bunch" or "cluster"; also

a kind of hook used to

harvest grapes. Compare

to the English word

"grapple."


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General Information Grapes do not continue to ripen after they have

been picked.

Woody vine

Perennial Portions:

*roots

*trunk

*perhaps cordons

Compound buds


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More General Information Grapes are about 80 percent water

Grapes also add fiber to the diet.

Red grapes are rich in quercetin, a newly discoveredanticancer agent that the University of California tabstudies have shown can suppress malignant cells beforethey form tumors.

The mineral "boron" (found in apples, grapes, grape

juice and raisins) may retard bone loss in women aftermenopause. Also, boron helps women on ERT (estrogenreplacement therapy) keep the estrogen in their bloodlonger.


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Nutritional Facts serving size 1 1/2 cups (138g/14.9oz)

Amounts Per Serving % Daily Value*

Calories 90

Calories from Fat 10 Total Fat og

Sodium 0mg 0%

Potassium 270mg 8%

Total Carbohydrate 24g 8%

Dietary Fiber 1g 2%

Sugars 23g

Protein 1g

Vitamin A 2%

Vitamin C 25%

Calcium 2%

Iron 2%


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Varieties of Grapes

Grapes come in three basic colors: green

(sometimes called white), red and blue-black.

More than 50 kinds of grapes are currently in

production.

Each variety has its own distinct color, taste,texture and history.


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Varieties of Grapes Perlette

The first grape of the

season, the Perlette islight in color - almost

frosty green with a

translucent cast; the

berries are almost round.

Perlette means "little

pearl" in French.


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Varieties of Grapes Sugraone

The Sugraone berry is

bright green andelongated. The fruit

offers a light, sweet

flavor and a distinctive

crunch.


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Varieties of Grapes Thompson Seedless

Almost everyone is

familiar with this grape'slight green color, oblong

berries, and sweet, juicy

flavor. The variety may

have originated in

southern Iran.


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Varieties of Grapes Calmeria

This grape carries the

nickname "lady fingers,"so called for its

elongated, light-green

and delicately sculpted

berries. A winter treat,

this seeded grape has a

mild, sweet flavor with

an unforgettable tang.


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Varieties of Grapes Flame Seedless

The result of a cross

between ThompsonSeedless, Cardinal and

several other varieties,

the Flame Seedless is a

round, crunchy, sweet

grape with a deep-red

color.


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Varieties of Grapes Red Globe

The large, remarkable

clusters of the Red Globecontain plum-size seeded

berries. The Red Globe is

popular for both eating

and decorating during the

holiday season.


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Varieties of Grapes Ruby Seedless

Grown commercially in

the San Joaquin Valley(California) since 1968,

the Ruby Seedless is a

deep-red, tender-skinned

grape.


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Varieties of Grapes Emperor

Large, deep-red clusters

and a lasting flavorcharacterize this seeded

variety that was first

planted in California in

1863.


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Varieties of Grapes Beauty Seedless

Originating in Davis,

California, this firm,bluish-black grape has a

spicy taste and a tender

flesh. Beauty Seedless

ripens very early and

shows a distinctive blue-

green foilage.


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Varieties of Grapes Exotic

Born in 1947 in Fresno,

California, Exotic'sberries are plump and

juicy and grow in long,

beautiful clusters. A cross

between the red Flame

Tokay and the Ribier,

this seeded grape is crisp

and mild in flavor.


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Varieties of Grapes Ribier

This dark blue-black

seeded grape crossed theChannel from Orleans,

France, in 1860. The

skins are firm and the

taste is mild.


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Varieties of Grapes Marroo Seedless

Originating in Australia,

the Marroo Seedless is across between the

Carolina Blackrose and

the Ruby Seedless.

Bluish-black in color, the

medium-large berries arefirm and juicy with a

mellow flavor.


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Varieties of Grapes Niabell

This Concord-type

variety features thick-skinned, round berries

ranging in color from

purple to black with an

earthy, rich flavor.


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Growing Grapes


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Parts of the Grape Plant


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Site Selection and Preparation

Grapes require full sunlight.

Adequate drainage and

moisture retention, required.

The best soils are loams or

sandy loams with added

organic matter.

Grapes grow best in soil with a

pH range of 5.5 to 6.5.

Rows should usually run north

to south. This allows the plants

gather the most sunlight and

less wind damage will occur.


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Planting

Plant your vines in early

spring (as early as you canwork the soil).

Grapes do not like weeds sotill the soil well to get rid ofcompeting weeds and grasses.Dig a nice big hole so the roots

can spread out. Plant in Spring or Summer.

Grapes need the summer heatto develop and will producethe best grapes late in theseason.


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Planting, continued

If possible arrange the rows in a North-South orientation

to allow maximum exposure to the sun. For backyard plantings, nine feet between rows is

suitable.

For larger plantings, ten feet is suitable.

Water newly planted vines every day.

Plant in straight rows for easier managability, and toreduce trellis costs.

Spread the roots out when you plant, giving them room.

Once you plant the grape, prune it back to 3 buds


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Pruning

Before pruning, an average grapevine may have 200to 300 buds which are capable of producing fruit. Ifthe vine is left unpruned, the number of grapeclusters would be excessive. The vine would beunable to ripen the large crop or sustain adequatevegetative growth. The purpose of pruning is togrow yields of high quality grapes and to allowbetter growth for the following season.


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1) After pruning the first winter. The single cane is cut back and tied to thelower wire.

(2) After pruning the second winter. Two new canes of four or five buds eachare tied on the bottom wire. A third new cane is tied up to the top wire andcut off.

(3) After pruning the third winter. Three of the arms (A) and the fruitingcanes (B) have been formed. A cane (C) with four or five buds is left to

establish the fourth arm.

(4) A fully formed vine after pruning the fourth winter. The arms (A) shouldbe shorter than those shown. The vine consists of a single permanent trunk(T), four semi permanent fruiting arms (A), four annual fruiting canes (F),and four renewal spurs (S), with two buds on each.


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Harvesting and Picking

After 3 or 4 years each vine will produce 12-15 pounds of

grapes (about 45 bunches).

Wait until they separate easy from the seeds to pick. Pick on a dry day, wet grapes spoil quickly.


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Diseases

Like people, plants can catch, spread andsuffer from various diseases also.

Here is some information on certain

diseases along with some solutions and

cures.


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Rootworm Damage to Grape Roots

Species of a leaf beetle

Seriously damages commercialvineyards

Larvae~ (according to theWebster dictionary) is theimmature, wingless, and oftenwormlike feeding form thathatches from the egg of manyinsects, alters chiefly in size

while passing through severalmolts, and is finallytransformed into a pupa orchrysalis from which the adultemerges


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Rootworm, continued

Produces only one generation a year

Begins as an egg which is deposited under the bark ofgrape vines, by the adult female

It will spend nine to ten months in the immature larvae

stage in the soil feeding on roots

As an adult, it feeds on grape foliage An insecticide can get rid of these pests.


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Black Rot Rots fruit/turns it

black.

Leaves covered with

spots.

Use a fungicide.


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Phylloxera Phylloxera is a yellow aphid

(type of insect), which feeds

on vine roots and leaves.The

feeding causes galls to form onthe developing leaves or roots.

The aphids live on the surface

of root galls and inside the leaf

galls.

There is no known cure forphylloxera.


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ConclusionYou are what you eat. If thats

true, Im a big ass perlette

grape!

Hope you didnt get too bored

with this LONG, but

informative, PowerPoint

presentation

Greenhouse_Grapes - Bridgett Neu Adv Plant Sci Class

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