Greek 1 – Vocab List

A). By unit: Unit 1 égorã, égorçw, ≤ marketplace édelfÒw, édelfoË, ı (*Voc. sing. = êdelfe) brother ênyrvpow, ényr≈pou, ı man, human being bibl¤on, bibl¤ou, tÒ book d«ron, d≈rou, tÒ gift; bribe (especially in pl.) efiw (prep. + Acc.) into, to; for (the purpose of) §k, §j (prep. + Gen.) from, out of §n (prep. + Dat.) in ¶rgon, ¶rgou, tÒ work, deed yeÒw, yeoË, ı or ≤ god, goddess ka¤ (conj. or adv.) and (conj.); even, also (adv.) ka¤... ka¤ (conjs.) both... and lÒgow, lÒgou, ı word, speech, story mãxh, mãxhw, ≤ battle n∞sow, nÆsou, ≤ island ı, ≤, tÒ the (often shows possession) ıdÒw, ıdoË, ≤ road ofik¤a, ofik¤aw, ≤ house ÜOmhrow, ÑOmÆrou, ı Homer t°xnh, t°xnhw, ≤ art, skill, craft x≈ra, x≈raw, ≤ land, country cuxÆ, cux∞w, ≤ soul Œ (interjection) O! (used with Voc.) Unit 2 êggelow, égg°lou, ı messenger épÒ (prep. + Gen) from, away from îra (particle) (introduces a question) gãr (pospositive conj.) for (explanatory) d° (postpositive conj.) but ßj (indeclinable number) six eÔ (adv.) well z“on, z–ou, tÒ animal ≥ (conj.) or ≥... ≥ (conjs.) either... or keleÊv, keleÊsv, §k°leusa, order, command

kek°leuka, kek°leusmai, §keleÊsyhn lÊv, lÊsv, ¶lusa, unbind, free, release, dissolve, destroy; unbind

l°luka, l°lumai, §lÊyhn (one’s own or for oneself), cause someone to be freed, ransom (middle)

m°n... d° (postpositive conjs.) on the one hand... on the other hand nËn (adv.) now j°now, j°nou, ı guest-friend, host, stranger, foreigner oÈ, oÈk, oÈx (adv.) not paideÊv, paideÊsv, §pa¤deusa, educate, teach; cause someone to be educated or

pepa¤deuka, pepa¤deumai, §paideÊyhn taught (middle) parã (prep. + Gen., Dat., Acc.) + Gen.: from (the side of)

+ Dat.: at (the side/house of) + Acc.: to (the side of), beside; contrary to

p°mpv, p°mcv, ¶pemca, send p°pomfa, p°pemmai, §p°mfyhn

p°nte (indeclinable number) five pÒlemow, pol°mou, ı war prÒ (prep. + Gen.) before; in front of st°fanow, stefãnou, ı crown, wreath fil¤a, fil¤aw, ≤ friendship f¤low, f¤lou, ı friend xrusÒw, xrusoË, ı gold Unit 3 îylon, êylou, tÒ prize éllã (conj.) but ént¤ (prep. + Gen.) instead of éretÆ, éret∞w, ≤ excellence, virtue boulÆ, boul∞w, ≤ will; council grãfv, grãcv, ¶graca, write, draw; note down, cause to be written, indict g°grafa, g°grammai, §grãfhn (middle) dÆ (postpositive particle) in fact, of course dhmokrat¤a, dhmokrat¤aw, ≤ democracy d∞mow, dÆmou, ı the people diã (prep. + Gen., Acc.) + Gen.: through + Acc.: on account of efirÆnh, efirÆnhw, ≤ peace §kklhs¤a, §kklhs¤aw, ≤ assembly §pe¤ (conj.) after, when, since §peidÆ (conj.) after, when, since yus¤a, yus¤aw, ≤ sacrifice yÊv, yÊsv, ¶yusa sacrifice; cause a sacrifice to be made, consult the t°yuka, t°yumai, §tÊyhn gods (middle) ·na (conj.) in order that mÆ (adv.) not (negates purpose clauses ONLY) n¤kh, n¤khw, ≤ victory ˜pvw (conj.) in order that ÙfyalmÒw, ÙfyalmoË, ı eye paÊv, paÊsv, ¶pausa, make stop, stop (transitive); stop (oneself), cease p°pauka, p°paumai, §paÊyhn (intransitive - middle) per¤ (prep. + Gen., Dat., Acc.) + Gen.: concerning, about + Dat.: around (i.e., with body) + Acc.: around, concerning (i.e., with motion) fulãttv, fulãjv, §fÊlaja, guard; guard someone for one’s own protection, be pefÊlaka, pefÊlagmai, §fulãxyhn on guard against (middle) …w (conj.) in order that Unit 4 égayÒw, égayÆ, égayÒn good êdikow, êdikon unjust ên (particle) used in some conditional sentences énãjiow, énãjion unworthy (+ Gen.) êjiow, éj¤a, êjion worthy, worth (+ Gen.) érxÆ, érx∞w, ≤ beginning; rule, empire g°fura, gefÊraw, ≤ bridge didãskv, didãjv, §d¤daja, teach; cause (someone) to be taught (middle) ded¤daxa, ded¤dagmai, §didãxyhn

d¤kaiow, dika¤a, d¤kaion just d¤kh, d¤khw, ≤ justice; lawsuit §y°lv, §yelÆsv, ±y°lhsa, be willing, wish ±y°lhka, ---, --- §ãn (particle) if efi (particle) if ≤m°ra, ≤m°raw, ≤ day yãlatta, yalãtthw, ≤ sea yãptv, yãcv, ¶yaca, bury ---, t°yammai, §tãfhn ka¤toi (particle) and further, and yet kakÒw, kakÆ, kakÒn bad, evil kalÒw, kalÆ, kalÒn beautiful, noble, good metã (prep. + Gen., Acc.) + Gen.: with + Acc.: after mo›ra, mo¤raw, ≤ fate moËsa, moÊshw, ≤ muse nean¤aw, nean¤ou, ı young man ıpl¤thw, ıpl¤tou, ı hoplite; heavy-armed foot-soldier ˜plon, ˜plou, tÒ tool; (pl.) weapons pãlai (adverb) long ago poihtÆw, poihtoË, ı poet, author pol¤thw, pol¤tou, ı citizen strati≈thw, strati≈tou, ı soldier sÊn (prep. + Dat.) with tãttv, tãjv, ¶taja, draw up in order, station, appoint; fall into order of t°taxa, t°tagmai, §tãxyhn battle (middle) f¤low, f¤lh, f¤lon dear, beloved, one’s own Unit 5 éyãnatow, éyãnaton undying, immortal érgÊrion, érgur¤ou, tÒ small coin; money êrgurow, érgÊrou, ı silver êrxv, êrjv, ∑rja, rule, command (+ Gen.); begin (middle) ∑rxa, ∑rgmai, ∑rxyhn (+ Gen.) blãptv, blãcv, ¶blaca, hurt, harm b°blafa, b°blammai, §blãbhn / §blãfyhn g∞, g∞w, ≤ earth, land didãskalow, didaskãlou, ı teacher dÒja, dÒjhw, ≤ expectation, belief; reputation, glory yãnatow, yanãtou, ı death flerÒn, fleroË, tÒ shrine flerÒw, flerã, flerÒn holy, sacred to (+Gen.) flkanÒw, flkanÆ, flkanÒn sufficient, capable ·ppow, ·ppou, ı / ≤ horse, mare k¤ndunow, kindÊnou, ı danger l¤yow, l¤you, ı stone makrÒw, makrã, makrÒn long, tall mikrÒw, mikrã, mikrÒn small, little, short ped¤on, ped¤ou, tÒ plain pe¤yv, pe¤sv, ¶peisa, persuade; persuade oneself, obey (+ Dat.) (middle) p°peika, p°peismai, §pe¤syhn pol°miow, polem¤a, pol°mion hostile (+ Dat.) prãttv, prãjv, ¶praja, p°praxa (trans.) do; fare

p°praga (intrans.), p°pragmai, §prãxyhn pr«tow, pr≈th, pr«ton first ÍpÒ (prep. + Gen., Dat., Acc.) (+ Gen.) by (personal agent); under (+ Dat.) under, under the power of (+ Acc.) under (with motion); toward (of time) foberÒw, foberã, foberÒn fearful fÒbow, fÒbou, ı fear Unit 6 a‡j, afigÒw, ı/≤ goat ge (enclitic particle) at any rate; at least (emphasizes or limits preceding

word) g°rvn, g°rontow, ı old man gn≈mh, gn≈mhw, ≤ opinion, judgment deinÒw, deinÆ, deinÒn fearsome, marvelous, clever doule¤a, doule¤aw, ≤ slavery douleÊv, douleÊsv, §doÊleusa, be a slave (+ Dat.) dedoÊleuka, ---, --- doËlow, doÊlou, ı slave §leuyer¤a, §leuyer¤aw, ≤ freedom §leÊyerow, §leuy°ra, §leÊyeron free (+ Gen.) ÜEllhn, ÜEllhnow, ı a Greek §lp¤w, §lp¤dow, ≤ hope, expectation katã (prep. + Gen., Acc.) (+ Gen.) under; against (+ Acc.) according to kvlÊv, kvlÊsv, §k≈lusa, hinder, prevent kek≈luka, kek≈lumai, §kvlÊyhn nÊj, nuktÒw, ≤ night ˜w, ¥, ˜ (relative pronoun) who, which palaiÒw, palaiã, palaiÒn old, agend, ancient politeÊv, politeÊsv, §pol¤teusa, live as a citizen; conduct the government; pepol¤teuka, pepol¤teumai, §politeÊyhn (passive) be governed prçgma, prãgmatow, tÒ deed, affair, thing sof¤a, sof¤aw, ≤ wisdom, skill sofÒw, sofÆ, sofÒn wise, skilled stãdion, stad¤ou, tÒ stade (= ca 600 feet) (plural: tå stãdia or ofl stãdioi) s«ma, s≈matow, tÒ body te (enclitic conjunction) and toi (enclitic particle) let me tell you, you know fãlagj, fãlaggow, ≤ line of battle, phalanx fÊlaj, fÊlakow, ı guard xãrin (prep. + preceding Gen.) for the sake of xãriw, xãritow, ≤ grace, favor, gratitude xoreutÆw, xoreutoË, ı choral dancer xoreÊv, xoreÊsv, §xÒreusa, dance, take part in a chorus kexÒreuka, kexÒreumai, §xoreÊyhn xorÒw, xoroË, ı dance; chorus Unit 7 êdhlow, êdhlon unclear, uncertain afisxrÒw, afisxrã, afisxrÒn ugly, shameful êllow, êllh, êllo another, other (translated twice when used twice) êneu (prep. + Gen.) without

grãmma, grãmmatow, tÒ letter (of the alphabet); plural: documents grafÆ, graf∞w, ≤ indictment d∞low, dÆlh, d∞lon clear, visible efi gãr (particle) introduces optative of wish e‡ye (particle) introduces optative of wish §ke› (adverb) there (in that place) §ke›now, §ke¤nh, §ke›no that ≤gem≈n, ≤gemÒnow, ı leader kl°pthw, kl°ptou, ı thief kl°ptv, kl°cv, ¶kleca, steal k°klofa, k°klemmai, §klãphn klopÆ, klop∞w, ≤ theft le¤pv, le¤cv, ¶lipon, leave, leave behind l°loipa, l°leimmai, §le¤fyhn oÔn (postpositive particle) then, therefore po¤hma, poiÆmatow, tÒ poem =htorikÆ, =htorik∞w, ≤ rhetoric =Ætvr, =Ætorow, ı public speaker s–zv, s≈sv, ¶svsa save s°svka, s°svsmai/s°svmai, §s≈yhn svtÆr, svt∞row, ı (*Voc. sing. = s«ter) savior timÆ, tim∞w, ≤ honor; price Unit 8 êgv, êjv, ≥gagon, ∑xa, ∑gmai, ≥xyhn lead ÉAyhna›ow, ÉAyhna¤a, ÉAyhna›on Athenian ëma (adv.; prep. + Dat.) (adv.) at the same time (+ Dat.) at the same time as; together with ëpaw, ëpasa, ëpan all, quite all ëte (particle) with causal participle; speaker's assertion ¶peita (adv.) then, thereupon ¥xv, ¥jv, ---, ---, ---, --- have come, be present ka¤per (adv.) although (used only with participles) mÆte... mÆte (conjunctions) neither... nor (used in negative mÆ constructions) oÂa (particle) with causal participle; speaker's assertion o‰now, o‡nou, ı wine ˜mvw (adv.) nevertheless oÎte... oÎte (conjunctions) neither... nor (used in negative oÈ constructions) pçw, pçsa, pçn all, every; whole strathgÒw, strathgoË, ı general stratÒw, stratoË, ı army sÊmpaw, sÊmpasa, sÊmpan all together xr∞ma, xrÆmatow, tÒ thing; (pl.) goods, property, money …w (conjunction) with participle of cause or purpose; not asserted by

speaker of sentence Unit 9 ég≈n, ég«now, ı contest, struggle édik°v, édikÆsv, ±d¤khsa, ±d¤khka, do wrong, wrong ±d¤khmai, ±dikÆyhn êlogow, êlogon unreasoning, unreasonable, irrational bãrbarow, bãrbaron non-Greek, foreign b¤ow, b¤ou, ı life, means of living da¤mvn, da¤monow, ı or ≤ god, goddess, divine being

§mpeir¤a, §mpeir¤aw, ≤ experience, practice (+ Gen.) ¶mpeirow, ¶mpeiron experienced in, acquainted with (+ Gen.) §xyrÒw, §xyrã, §xyrÒn hated, hostile; (as substantive) (personal) enemy nikãv, nikÆsv, §n¤khsa, nen¤khka, win, conquer nen¤khmai, §nikÆyhn ˜de, ¥de, tÒde this (here, in this place) ˆnoma, ÙnÒmatow, tÒ name οὗτοϛ, αὕτη, τοῦτο this, that oÏtv(w) (adv.) in this way, so, thus pe›ra, pe¤raw, ≤ trial, attempt, experience poi°v, poiÆsv, §po¤hsa, pepo¤hka make, do pepo¤hmai, §poiÆyhn sigÆ, sig∞w, ≤ silence timãv, timÆsv, §t¤mhsa, tet¤mhka, honor tet¤mhmai, §timÆyhn trÒpow, trÒpou, ı way, manner, character Ïdvr, Ïdatow, tÒ water Íp°r (prep. + Gen., Acc.) + Gen.: over, above (a fixed position); on behalf of + Acc.: over, beyond (of motion or measure)

Unit 10 égg°llv, éggel«, ≥ggeila, announce ≥ggelka, ≥ggelmai, ±gg°lyhn élÆyeia, éleiye¤aw, ≤ truth, reality élhyÆw, élhy°w true, real énÆr, éndrÒw, ı man éjiÒv, éji≈sv, ±j¤vsa, think worhty of, think it right, expect (+ Gen, inf.) ±j¤vka, ±j¤vmai, ±ji≈yhn épo- (prefix) away from basileÊw, basil°vw, ı king g°now, g°nouw, tÒ race, kind dhlÒv, dhl≈sv, §dÆlvsa, make clear, show dedÆlvka, dedÆlvmai, §dhl≈yhn Dhmosy°nhw, Dhmosy°nouw, ı Demosthenes §k-, §j- (prefix) out of, thoroughly eÈgenÆw, eÈgen°w well-born, noble eÈda¤mvn, eÎdaimon fortunate, wealthy, happy yugãthr, yugatrÒw, ≤ daughter flereÊw, fler°vw, ı priest flppeÊw, flpp°vw, ı horseman kal°v, kal«, §kãlesa, call k°klhka, k°klhmai, §klÆyhn m°nv, men«, ¶meina, remain, stay mem°nhka, ---, --- mÆthr, mhtrÒw, ≤ mother nÒmow, nÒmou, ı custom, law pãyow, pãyouw, tÒ experience, suffering patÆr, patrÒw, ı father pÒliw, pÒlevw, ≤ city pÒte (adv.) when? pot° (enclitic adv.) at some time, ever Svkrãthw, Svkrãtouw, ı Socrates s≈frvn, s«fron prudent, temperate teleutãv, teleutÆsv, §teleÊthsa, finish, die

teteleÊthka, teteleÊthmai, §teleutÆyhn t°low, t°louw, tÒ end, power fÊsiw, fÊsevw, ≤ nature Àste (conj.) so as, so that Unit 11 ée¤ (adv.) always afit¤a, afit¤aw, ≤ responsibility, guilt; cause a‡tiow, afit¤a, a‡tion responsible (for), guilty (of) (+ Gen) ékoÊv, ékoÊsomai, ≥kousa, hear (+ Acc of thing heard; Gen of person heard); ékÆkoa, ---, ±koÊsyhn be spoken of (ÍpÒ + Gen to show agent) épod°xomai, épod°jomai, épedejãmhn, receive favorably; accept ---, épod°degmai, --- aÈtÒw, aÈtÆ, aÈtÒ (adj., pron.) same (adj. in attributive position) -self, -selves (predicate position or alone in Nom) him, her, it, them (pronoun, Gen, Dat, and Acc) êfrvn, êfron senseless, foolish bãllv, bal«, ¶balon, throw; hit (with thrown object) b°blhka, b°blhmai, §blÆyhn boÊlomai, boulÆsomai, ---, want ---, beboÊlhmai, §boulÆyhn gunÆ, gunaikÒw, ≤ woman; wife d°xomai, d°jomai, §dejãmhn, receive; welcome ---, d°degmai, --- efis- (prefix) into, in, on §ntaËya (adv.) here, there; then §peidãn (conj.) after, when, whenever •ptã (indeclinable numeral) seven ¶rvw, ¶rvtow, ı (*Voc. sing. = ¶rvw) love eÈtuxÆw, eÈtux°w lucky kairÒw, kairoË, ı right moment kãllow, kãllouw, tÒ beauty k∞ruj, kÆrukow, ı (*Dat. plur. = kÆruji[n]) herald lambãnv, lÆcomai, ¶labon, take e‡lhfa, e‡lhmmai, §lÆfyhn Ùkt≈ (indeclinable numeral) eight ˜te (conj.) when, whenever ˜tan (conj.) when, whenever pãsxv, pe¤somai, ¶payon, suffer, have done to one p°ponya, ---, --- p«w (adv.) how? pvw (enclitic adv.) in any way, in some way tÒte (adv.) then tÊxh, tÊxhw, ≤ fortune, chance Ïbriw, Ïbrevw, ≤ insolence foneÊw, fon°vw, ı murderer, killer fÒnow, fÒnou, ı murder, killing

Unit 12 ---, éllÆlvn (reciprocal pronoun) one another (Gen., Dat., Acc. pl. only) éna- (prefix) up, up to ἀνατίθηµι set up, dedicate épodίdvmi give back, pay, permit; (middle) sell

éfίsthmi, épostÆsv, ép°sthsa (trans.) or ép°sthn (trans.) cause to revolt; (mid. or intrans.) revolt (intrans.), éf°sthka (intrans.), éf°stamai, épestãyhn grafeÊw, graf°vw, ı writer; painter grafikÆ, grafik∞w, ≤ writing; painting d°ka (indeclinable numeral) ten dhmiourgÒw, dhmiourgoË, ı skilled workman dίdvmi, d≈sv, ¶dvka, give d°dvka, d°domai, §dÒyhn §nn°a (indeclinable numeral) nine ¶pow, ¶pouw, tÒ word; (pl., sometimes) epic poetry •rmhneÊw, •rmhn°vw, ı interpreter zvgrãfow, zvgrãfou, ı painter ≥ (conjunction) than ·sthmi, stÆsv, ¶sthsa (trans.) or ¶sthn (intrans.), make stand; (middle or intransitive) stand ßsthka (trans.), ßstamai, §stãyhn kayίsthmi, katastÆsv, kat°sthsa (trans.) or (trans.) appoint, establish, put into a state; (intrans.) kat°sthn (intrans.), kay°sthka (intrans.), be established, be appointed, enter into a kay°stamai, katestãyhn state kata- (prefix) down; against; srengthens meaning of verb katalÊv destroy; dissolve mçllon (adverb) more, rather mÆ (conjunction) that, lest (with fear clauses) mhd° (conjunction, adverb) and not (conjunction); not even (adverb) mÒnon (adverb) only mÒnow, mÒnh, mÒnon alone oÈd° (conjunction, adverb) and not (conjunction); not even (adverb) pÒyen (adverb) from where?, whence? po› (adverb) (to) where?, whither? poË (adverb) where?, in what place? pou (enclitic adverb) qualifies an assertion, I suppose; somewhere prÒw (preposition + Gen., Dat., Acc.) + Gen.: in the eyes/name of + Dat.: near; in addition to + Acc.: toward pros- (prefix) to, against; besides sun- (prefix) with, together tίyhmi, yÆsv, ¶yhka, put t°yhka, t°yhmai, §t°yhn fil°v, filÆsv, §fίlhsa, love pef�lhka, pefίlhmai, §filÆyhn fob°omai, fobÆsomai, ---, fear, be afraid ---, pefÒbhmai, §fobÆyhn Unit 13 ÉAristofãnhw, ÉAristofãnouw, ı Aristophanes (comic poet) êrxvn, êrxontow, ı ruler; archon éspίw, éspίdow, ≤ shield aÈtίka (adv.) immediately gίgnomai, genÆsomai, §genÒmhn, be born; become; happen g°gona, geg°nhmai, --- •ortÆ, •ort∞w, ≤ festival §pί (prep. +Gen., Dat., Acc.) + Gen.: on + Dat.: on, pertaining to, on condition that + Acc.: onto, over, against, for (purpose) §pi- (prefix) upon, over, against, after

¶rxomai, §leÊsomai, ∑lyon, come, go §lÆluya, ---, --- •ta›row, •taίrou, ı companion EÈripίdhw, EÈripίdou, ı (Voc. sing.: EÈripίdh) Euripides (tragic poet) krãtow, krãtou, tÒ strength, power manyãnv, mayÆsomai, ¶mayon, learn, understand memãyhka, ---, --- mãxomai, maxoËmai, §maxesãmhn, fight (+ Dat.) ---, memãxhmai, --- meta- (prefix) indicates sharing or change metadίdvmi give a share to metanίstamai, metanastÆsomai, metan°sthn, migrate metan°sthka, ---, --- mhxanãomai, mhxanÆsomai, §mhxanhsãmhn, contrive, devise ---, memhxãnhmai, --- mhxanÆ, mhxan∞w, ≤ device, machine jίfow, jίfouw, tÒ sword ˜moiow, ımoίa, ˜moion like (+ Dat.) ˜pvw (conj.) that (introducing object clauses of effort) pa›w, paidÒw, ı or ≤ (Gen. Plur.: pa�dvn) child poÊw, podÒw, ı (Voc. sing.: poÊw) foot safÆw, saf°w clear, distinct sÊmmaxow, summãxou, ı ally te›xow, teίxouw, tÒ city wall tÒpow, tÒpou, ı place trÒpaion, tropaίou, tÒ trophy, victory monument feÊgv, feÊjomai, ¶fugon, flee; be in exile; be a defendant p°feuga, ---, --- xalepÒw, xalepÆ, xalepÒn difficult, harsh xeίr, xeirÒw, ≤ (Dat. plur.: xers�[n]) hand Unit 14 émayÆw, émay°w ignorant, stupid émayίa, émayίaw, ≤ ignorance, stupidity deίknumi, deίjv, ¶deija, show d°deixa, d°deigmai, §deίxyhn §panίstamai, §panastÆsomai, §pan°sthn, rise in insurrection against (+ Dat.) §pan°sthka, ---, --- §pideίknumai show off, display §pίdeijiw, §pideίjevw, ≤ display, demonstration §rvtãv, §rvtÆsv, ±r≈thsa, ask, question ±r≈thka, ±r≈thmai, ±rvtÆyhn ßterow, •t°ra, ßteron the other (of two) ¶ti (adv.) yet, still mhk°ti (adv.) no longer koinÒw, koinÆ, koinÒn common LakedaimÒniow, Lakedaimonίa, LakedaimÒnion Spartan lanyãnv, lÆsv, ¶layon, escape the notice of (+ Acc.) l°lhya, ---, --- mayhtÆw, mayhtoË, ı student, pupil m°sow, m°sh, m°son middle (of) n°ow, n°a, n°on new, young oÈk°ti (adv.) no longer para- (prefix) beside

paragίgnomai be present, be with (+ Dat.) paradίdvmi hand over, surrender; hand down param°nv stand fast; stay behind =ñdiow, =&dίa, =ñdion easy stãsiw, stãsevw, ≤ civil strife, faction tugxãnv, teÊjomai, ¶tuxon happen (to); hit the mark; (+ Gen.) obtain tetÊxhka, ---, --- Ípo- (prefix) under; secretly; gradually, slightly ÍpakoÊv heed, obey (+ Gen. or Dat.) Ípom°nv await; stand firm; endure fyãnv, fyÆsomai, ¶fyasa or ¶fyhn, act first; be first (in doing something); ---, ---, --- anticipate (someone) xaίrv, xairÆsv, ---, rejoice (in), take pleasure (in), enjoy (+ Dat.) kexãrhka, ---, §xãrhn Unit 15 aflr°v, aflrÆsv, eÂlon, take, capture; (middle) choose ørhka, ørhmai, Ωr°yhn afisyãnomai, afisyÆsomai, ºsyÒmhn, perceive (+ Gen. or Acc.) ---, æsyhmai, --- dia- (prefix) through, in different directions diaf°rv carry through; be different from, excel (+ Gen.) •autoË, •aut∞w, •autoË (reflexive pronoun) himself, herself, itself §g≈ (personal pronoun) I efimί, ¶somai, ---, ---, ---, --- be §mautoË, §maut∞w (reflexive pronoun) myself §mÒw, §mÆ, §mÒn my; mine (as a substantive) ¶jesti(n), §j°stai, ---, ---, ---, --- (impersonal verb) it is allowed; it is possib le (+ Dat./Acc., infinitive) ßpomai, ßcomai, •spÒmhn, follow; pursue (+ Dat.) ---, ---, --- ¶sti(n) there is; it is possible ≤me›w (personal pronoun) we ≤m°terow, ≤met°ra, ≤m°teron our; ours (as a substantive) ≤m«n aÈt«n (reflexive pronoun) ourselves oÂow, o·a, oÂon such as, of the sort which; what sort of! oÂÒw t' efimί be able (+ complementary infinitive) ırãv, ˆcomai, e‰don, see •Òraka or •≈raka, •≈ramai or Œmmai, ὤfyhn -per (enclitic particle) adds force to preceding word peri- (prefix) all around; very, exceedingly po›ow, poίa, po›on of what kind? seautoË, seaut∞w (reflexive pronoun) yourself sÒw, sÆ, sÒn your; yours (as a substantive) sÊ (personal pronoun) you (singular) sumf°rv bring together; be useful or profitable; it is expedient (impersonal, with infinitive) sf°terow aÈt«n their (own) sf«n aÈt«n (reflexive pronoun) themselves tίw, tί (interrogative pronoun/adjective) who?, which?, what? tiw, ti (indefinite enclitic pronoun/adjective) someone, something; anyone, anything; some, any toioËtow, toiaÊth, toioËto/toioËton of this/that sort, such (as this) Íme›w (personal pronoun) you (plural) Ím°terow, Ímet°ra, Ím°teron your; yours (as a substantive) Ím«n aÈt«n (reflexive pronoun) yourselves

f°rv, o‡sv, ≥negka or ≥negkon, bring, bear, carry; win (middle) §nÆnoxa, §nÆnegmai, ±n°xyhn Unit 16 énabaίnv go up, go upland; board, mount baίnv, -bÆsomai, -¶bhn, walk, step, go; (perfect) stand b°bhka, ---, --- gign≈skv, gn≈somai, ¶gnvn, perceive, recognize, know ¶gnvka, ¶gnvsmai, §gn≈syhn ßkastow, •kãsth, ßkaston each (of many); (pl.) each (of several groups), all (considered singly) §kpίptv be driven out, be banished ßneka (prep. + preceding Gen.) for the sake of ZeÊw, DiÒw, ı (Voc. sing.: ZeË) Zeus y°atron, yeãtrou, tÒ theater l°gv, §r« or l°jv, e‰pon or ¶leja, say, speak e‡rhka, e‡rhmai or l°legmai, §l°xyhn or §rrÆyhn limÆn, lim°now, ı harbor mÆpote (adv.) never, not ever naËw, ne≈w, ≤ ship nÆ (affirmative particle) by (+ name of god in Acc.) nomίzv, nomi«, §nÒmisa, consider, think, believe nenÒmika, nenÒmismai, §nomίsyhn ˜ti (conj.) that, because oÎpote (adv.) never, not ever pãnu (adv.) perfectly, very; by all means pίptv, pesoËmai, ¶peson, fall p°ptvka, ---, --- politeίa, politeίaw, ≤ government, constitution, commonwealth pollãkiw (adv.) often polÊw, pollÆ, polÊ much, many ponhrÒw, ponhrã, ponhrÒn worthless, evil, base pro- (prefix) forward, on behalf of, before prodίdvmi betray, give up (to an enemy), abandon svfrosÊnh, svfrosÊnhw, ≤ prudence, self-control, moderation fhmί, fÆsv, ¶fhsa, ---, ---, --- say, assert, affirm …w (conj.) that Unit 17 èmartãnv, èmartÆsomai, ¥marton, miss (+ Gen.); make a mistake, do wrong ≤mãrthka, ≤mãrthmai, ≤martÆyhn èmartίa, èmartίaw, ≤ mistake, error barÊw, bare›a, barÊ heavy dok°v, dÒjv, ¶doja, seem, think ---, d°dogmai, -§dÒxyhn dÊnamai, dunÆsomai, ---, be able ---, dedÊnhmai, §dunÆyhn dÊnamiw, dunãmevw, ≤ strength, power deÊterow, deut°ra, deÊteron second dÊo two e‰mi, ---, ---, ---, ---, --- go, come eÂw, mίa, ßn one §laÊnv, §l« (§lãv), ≥lasa, drive, march

-§lÆlaka, §lÆlamai, ±lãyhn §pίstamai, §pistÆsomai, ---, know ---, ---, ±pistÆyhn §pistÆmh, §pistÆmhw, ≤ knowledge ¶xv, ßjv or sxÆsv, ¶sxon, have, hold; be able; (+ adv.) be; (middle) cling to, ¶sxhka, -¶sxhmai, --- be next to (+ Gen.) ≤dÊw, ≤de›a, ≤dÊ pleasant, glad mãlista (adv.) most m°gaw, megãlh, m°ga big, great, large mhdeίw, mhdemίa, mhd°n no one, nothing ÙryÒw, ÙryÆ, ÙryÒn straight, correct ˜sow, ˜sh, ˜son as much/many as, as large as; how much/many!, how large! oÈdeίw, oÈdemίa, oÈd°n no one, nothing pÒsow, pÒsh, pÒson how much/many?, how large? pÒteron (adv.) introduces alternative question pÒterow, pot°ra, pÒteron which (of two) taxÊw, taxe›a, taxÊ quick, swift t°tartow, tetãrth, t°tarton fourth t°ttarew, t°ttara four tosoËtow, tosaÊth, tosoËto/tosoËton so much/many, so large tre›w, trίa three trίtow, trίth, trίton third Íper- (prefix) over; greatly; on behalf of Unit 18 époynπskv, époyanoËmai, ép°yanon, die t°ynhka, ---, --- épokteίnv, épokten«, ép°kteina, kill ép°ktona, ---, --- aÔ (postpositive particle) again, further, in turn éfίhmi, éfÆsv, éf∞ka, send forth, send away; let go, neglect éfe›ka, éfe›mai, éfeίyhn bouleÊv, bouleÊsv, §boÊleusa, deliberate on, plan; (mid.) take counsel with oneself, beboÊleuka, beboÊleumai, §bouleÊyhn deliberate efi (indirect interrogative) whether, if e‡te... e‡te (indirect interrogatives) whether... or, if... or §pibouleÊv plot against (+ Dat.) zht°v, zhtÆsv, §zÆthsa, seek §zÆthka, ---, §zhtÆyhn ·hmi, -¥sv, -∏ka, -eÂka, -eÂmai, -e·yhn release, hurl, send m°llv, mellÆsv, §m°llhsa, ---, ---, --- be about/likely to (+ fut. inf.); delay ÙjÊw, Ùje›a, ÙjÊ sharp, keen ˜stiw, ¥tiw, ˜ti (indefinite relative / indirect interrogative) whoever, whatever / who?, what? pisteÊv, pisteÊsv, §pίsteusa, trust (+ Dat.) pepίsteuka, pepίsteumai, §pisteÊyhn sumbouleÊv advise, counsel (+ Dat.); (mid.) consult with (+Dat.) sunίhmi, sunÆsv, sun∞ka, understand, comprehend sune›ka, sune›mai, suneίyhn trãpeza, trap°zhw, ≤ table, money-changer's table, bank ceudÆw, ceud°w false, lying ceËdow, ceÊdouw, tÒ falsehood, lie

Unit 19 afisxÊnomai, afisxunoËmai, ---, be ashamed, feel shame before ---, æsxummai, ºsxÊnyhn ---, énerÆsomai, énhrÒmhn, ---, ---, --- ask épokrίnomai, épokrinoËmai, épekrinãmhn, answer ---, épok°krimai, --- épÒllumi, épol«, ép≈lesa (trans.) or épvlÒmhn kill, lose; (mid. and intrans.) die, cease to exist (intrans.), épol≈leka (trans.) or épÒlvla (intrans.), ---, --- ---, §rÆsomai, ±rÒmhn, ---, ---, --- ask eÍrίskv, eÍrÆsv, hὗron, find, discover hÏrhka, hÏrhmai, hÍr°yhn ßvw (conj.) as long as, while; until ≤g°omai, ≤gÆsomai, ≤ghsãmhn, lead the way; be commander; rule (+ Gen.); believe ---, ¥ghmai, ≤gÆyhn ‡sow, ‡sh, ‡son equal, fair; flat ‡svw (adv.) equally; perhaps kainÒw, kainÆ, kainÒn new, strange k°rdow, k°rdouw, tÒ gain, profit krίnv, krin«, ¶krina, separate, decide, judge k°krika, k°krima, §krίyhn kritÆw, kritoË, ı judge lÊph, lÊphw, ≤ pain, grief mãla (adv.) very m°xri (conj.) as long as; until nÒsow, nÒsou, ≤ sickness o‰da, e‡somai, ---, ---, ---, --- know Ùlίgow, Ùlίgh, Ùlίgon little; (pl.) few prίn (conj.) (+ infinitive) before; (+ indicative or ên & subjunctive) until prÒteron (adv.) before, earlier prÒterow, prot°ra, prÒteron former, superior sÊnoida be aware, know (+ Dat.) Ïstatow, Ístãth, Ïstaton last Ïsteron (adv.) later Ïsterow, Íst°ra, Ïsteron later xrÒnow, xrÒnou, ı time Unit 20 êstu, êstevw, tÒ town éfikn°omai, éfίjomai, éfikÒmhn, arrive ---, éfίgmai, --- de›, deÆsei, §d°hse(n), ---, ---, --- (impersonal verb) it is necessary, must; there is need fiatrÒw, fiatroË, ı doctor ke›mai, keίsomai, ---, ---, ---, --- lie, be placed, be set noËw, noË, ı mind, reason punyãnomai, peÊsomai, §puyÒmhn, inquire, learn by inquiry ---, p°pusmai, --- tr°pv, tr°cv, ¶treca or §trapÒmhn, turn; (mid., aor. pass.) turn oneself t°trofa, t°trammai, §trãphn or §tr°fyhn faίnv, fan«, ¶fhna, show, cause to appear; (mid., perf. act., aor. pass.) p°fhna, p°fasmai, §fãnhn appear xrÆ, xr∞stai, ---, ---, ---, --- (impersonal verb) ought, must

B). By part of speech: 1). NOUNS êggelow, égg°lou, ı messenger égorã, égorçw, ≤ marketplace ég≈n, ég«now, ı contest, struggle édelfÒw, édelfoË, ı (*Voc. sing. = êdelfe) brother îylon, êylou, tÒ prize a‡j, afigÒw, ı or ≤ goat afit¤a, afit¤aw, ≤ responsibility, guilt; cause élÆyeia, éleiyeίaw, ≤ truth, reality ---, éllÆlvn (reciprocal pronoun) one another émayίa, émayίaw, ≤ ignorance, stupidity èmartίa, èmartίaw, ≤ mistake, error énÆr, éndrÒw, ı man ênyrvpow, ényr≈pou, ı man, human being érgÊrion, érgur¤ou, tÒ small coin; money êrgurow, érgÊrou, ı silver éretÆ, éret∞w, ≤ excellence, virtue ÉAristofãnhw, ÉAristofãnouw, ı Aristophanes (comic poet) érxÆ, érx∞w, ≤ beginning; rule, empire êrxvn, êrxontow, ı ruler; archon éspίw, éspίdow, ≤ shield êstu, êstevw, tÒ town aÈtÒw, aÈtÆ, aÈtÒ (pron.) -self, -selves (alone in Nom) him, her, it, them (Gen, Dat, and Acc) basileÊw, basil°vw, ı king bibl¤on, bibl¤ou, tÒ book b¤ow, b¤ou, ı life, means of living boulÆ, boul∞w, ≤ will; council g°now, g°nouw, tÒ race, kind g°rvn, g°rontow, ı old man g°fura, gefÊraw, ≤ bridge g∞, g∞w, ≤ earth, land gn≈mh, gn≈mhw, ≤ opinion, judgment grãmma, grãmmatow, tÒ letter (of the alphabet); plural: documents grafeÊw, graf°vw, ı writer; painter grafÆ, graf∞w, ≤ indictment grafikÆ, grafik∞w, ≤ writing; painting gunÆ, gunaikÒw, ≤ woman; wife da¤mvn, da¤monow, ı or ≤ god, goddess, divine being dhmiourgÒw, dhmiourgoË, ı skilled workman dhmokrat¤a, dhmokrat¤aw, ≤ democracy d∞mow, dÆmou, ı the people Dhmosy°nhw, Dhmosy°nouw, ı Demosthenes didãskalow, didaskãlou, ı teacher d¤kh, d¤khw, ≤ justice; lawsuit dÒja, dÒjhw, ≤ expectation, belief; reputation, glory doule¤a, doule¤aw, ≤ slavery doËlow, doÊlou, ı slave dÊnamiw, dunãmevw, ≤ strength, power

d«ron, d≈rou, tÒ gift; bribe (especially in pl.) •autoË, •aut∞w, •autoË (reflexive pronoun) himself, herself, itself §g≈ (personal pronoun) I efirÆnh, efirÆnhw, ≤ peace §kklhs¤a, §kklhs¤aw, ≤ assembly §leuyer¤a, §leuyer¤aw, ≤ freedom ÜEllhn, ÜEllhnow, ı a Greek §lp¤w, §lp¤dow, ≤ hope, expectation §mautoË, §maut∞w (reflexive pronoun) myself §mpeir¤a, §mpeir¤aw, ≤ experience, practice (+ Gen.) •ortÆ, •ort∞w, ≤ festival §pίdeijiw, §pideίjevw, ≤ display, demonstration §pistÆmh, §pistÆmhw, ≤ knowledge ¶pow, ¶pouw, tÒ word; (pl., sometimes) epic poetry ¶rgon, ¶rgou, tÒ work, deed •rmhneÊw, •rmhn°vw, ı interpreter ¶rvw, ¶rvtow, ı (*Voc. sing. = ¶rvw) love •ta›row, •taίrou, ı companion EÈripίdhw, EÈripίdou, ı (Voc. sing.: EÈripίdh) Euripides (tragic poet) ZeÊw, DiÒw, ı (Voc. sing.: ZeË) Zeus zvgrãfow, zvgrãfou, ı painter z“on, z–ou, tÒ animal ≤gem≈n, ≤gemÒnow, ı leader ≤me›w (personal pronoun) we ≤m°ra, ≤m°raw, ≤ day ≤m«n aÈt«n (reflexive pronoun) ourselves yãlatta, yalãtthw, ≤ sea yãnatow, yanãtou, ı death y°atron, yeãtrou, tÒ theater yeÒw, yeoË, ı or ≤ god, goddess yugãthr, yugatrÒw, ≤ daughter yus¤a, yus¤aw, ≤ sacrifice fiatrÒw, fiatroË, ı doctor flereÊw, fler°vw, ı priest flerÒn, fleroË, tÒ shrine flppeÊw, flpp°vw, ı horseman ·ppow, ·ppou, ı / ≤ horse, mare kairÒw, kairoË, ı right moment kãllow, kãllouw, tÒ beauty k°rdow, k°rdouw, tÒ gain, profit k∞ruj, kÆrukow, ı (*Dat. plur. = kÆruji[n]) herald k¤ndunow, kindÊnou, ı danger kl°pthw, kl°ptou, ı thief klopÆ, klop∞w, ≤ theft krãtow, krãtou, tÒ strength, power kritÆw, kritoË, ı judge l¤yow, l¤you, ı stone limÆn, lim°now, ı harbor lÒgow, lÒgou, ı word, speech, story

lÊph, lÊphw, ≤ pain, grief mayhtÆw, mayhtoË, ı student, pupil mãxh, mãxhw, ≤ battle mhdeίw, mhdemίa, mhd°n no one, nothing mÆthr, mhtrÒw, ≤ mother mhxanÆ, mhxan∞w, ≤ device, machine mo›ra, mo¤raw, ≤ fate moËsa, moÊshw, ≤ muse naËw, ne≈w, ≤ ship nean¤aw, nean¤ou, ı young man n∞sow, nÆsou, ≤ island n¤kh, n¤khw, ≤ victory nÒmow, nÒmou, ı custom, law nÒsow, nÒsou, ≤ sickness noËw, noË, ı mind, reason nÊj, nuktÒw, ≤ night j°now, j°nou, ı guest-friend, host, stranger, foreigner jίfow, jίfouw, tÒ sword ıdÒw, ıdoË, ≤ road ofik¤a, ofik¤aw, ≤ house o‰now, o‡nou, ı wine ÜOmhrow, ÑOmÆrou, ı Homer ˆnoma, ÙnÒmatow, tÒ name ıpl¤thw, ıpl¤tou, ı hoplite; heavy-armed foot-soldier ˜plon, ˜plou, tÒ tool; (pl.) weapons ˜stiw, ¥tiw, ˜ti (indefinite relative / indirect interrogative) who?, what? oÈdeίw, oÈdemίa, oÈd°n no one, nothing ÙfyalmÒw, ÙfyalmoË, ı eye pãyow, pãyouw, tÒ experience, suffering pa›w, paidÒw, ı or ≤ (Gen. Plur.: pa�dvn) child patÆr, patrÒw, ı father ped¤on, ped¤ou, tÒ plain pe›ra, pe¤raw, ≤ trial, attempt, experience po¤hma, poiÆmatow, tÒ poem poihtÆw, poihtoË, ı poet, author pÒlemow, pol°mou, ı war pÒliw, pÒlevw, ≤ city politeίa, politeίaw, ≤ government, constitution, commonwealth pol¤thw, pol¤tou, ı citizen poÊw, podÒw, ı (Voc. sing.: poÊw) foot prçgma, prãgmatow, tÒ deed, affair, thing =htorikÆ, =htorik∞w, ≤ rhetoric =Ætvr, =Ætorow, ı public speaker seautoË, seaut∞w (reflexive pronoun) yourself sigÆ, sig∞w, ≤ silence sof¤a, sof¤aw, ≤ wisdom, skill stãdion, stad¤ou, tÒ stade (= ca 600 feet) (plural: tå stãdia or ofl stãdioi)

stãsiw, stãsevw, ≤ civil strife, faction st°fanow, stefãnou, ı crown, wreath strathgÒw, strathgoË, ı general strati≈thw, strati≈tou, ı soldier stratÒw, stratoË, ı army sÊ (personal pronoun) you (singular) sÊmmaxow, summãxou, ı ally sf«n aÈt«n (reflexive pronoun) themselves Svkrãthw, Svkrãtouw, ı Socrates s«ma, s≈matow, tÒ body svtÆr, svt∞row, ı (*Voc. sing. = s«ter) savior svfrosÊnh, svfrosÊnhw, ≤ prudence, self-control, moderation te›xow, teίxouw, tÒ city wall t°low, t°louw, tÒ end, power t°xnh, t°xnhw, ≤ art, skill, craft timÆ, tim∞w, ≤ honor; price tίw, tί (interrogative pronoun) who?, what? tiw, ti (indefinite enclitic pronoun) someone, something; anyone, anything tÒpow, tÒpou, ı place trãpeza, trap°zhw, ≤ table, money-changer's table, bank trÒpaion, tropaίou, tÒ trophy, victory monument trÒpow, trÒpou, ı way, manner, character tÊxh, tÊxhw, ≤ fortune, chance Ïbriw, Ïbrevw, ≤ insolence Ïdvr, Ïdatow, tÒ water Íme›w (personal pronoun) you (plural) Ím«n aÈt«n (reflexive pronoun) yourselves fãlagj, fãlaggow, ≤ line of battle, phalanx fil¤a, fil¤aw, ≤ friendship f¤low, f¤lou, ı friend fÒbow, fÒbou, ı fear foneÊw, fon°vw, ı murderer, killer fÒnow, fÒnou, ı murder, killing fÊlaj, fÊlakow, ı guard fÊsiw, fÊsevw, ≤ nature xãriw, xãritow, ≤ grace, favor, gratitude xeίr, xeirÒw, ≤ (Dat. plur.: xers�[n]) hand xoreutÆw, xoreutoË, ı choral dancer xorÒw, xoroË, ı dance; chorus xr∞ma, xrÆmatow, tÒ thing; (pl.) goods, property, money xrÒnow, xrÒnou, ı time xrusÒw, xrusoË, ı gold x≈ra, x≈raw, ≤ land, country ceËdow, ceÊdouw, tÒ falsehood, lie cuxÆ, cux∞w, ≤ soul 2). VERBS égg°llv, éggel«, ≥ggeila, announce ≥ggelka, ≥ggelmai, ±gg°lyhn

êgv, êjv, ≥gagon, ∑xa, ∑gmai, ≥xyhn lead édik°v, édikÆsv, ±d¤khsa, ±d¤khka, do wrong, wrong ±d¤khmai, ±dikÆyhn aflr°v, aflrÆsv, eÂlon, take, capture; (middle) choose ørhka, ørhmai, Ωr°yhn afisyãnomai, afisyÆsomai, ºsyÒmhn, perceive (+ Gen. or Acc.) ---, æsyhmai, --- afisxÊnomai, afisxunoËmai, ---, be ashamed, feel shame before ---, æsxummai, ºsxÊnyhn ékoÊv, ékoÊsomai, ≥kousa, hear (+ Acc of thing heard; Gen of person heard); ékÆkoa, ---, ±koÊsyhn be spoken of (ÍpÒ + Gen to show agent) èmartãnv, èmartÆsomai, ¥marton, miss (+ Gen.); make a mistake, do wrong ≤mãrthka, ≤mãrthmai, ≤martÆyhn énabaίnv go up, go upland; board, mount énatίyhmi set up, dedicate ---, énerÆsomai, énhrÒmhn, ---, ---, --- ask éjiÒv, éji≈sv, ±j¤vsa, think worhty of, think it right, expect (+ Gen, inf.) ±j¤vka, ±j¤vmai, ±ji≈yhn épod°xomai, épod°jomai, épedejãmhn, receive favorably; accept ---, épod°degmai, --- épodίdvmi give back, pay, permit; (middle) sell époynπskv, époyanoËmai, ép°yanon, die t°ynhka, ---, --- épokrίnomai, épokrinoËmai, épekrinãmhn, answer ---, épok°krimai, --- épokteίnv, épokten«, ép°kteina, kill ép°ktona, ---, --- épÒllumi, épol«, ép≈lesa (trans.) or épvlÒmhn kill, lose; (mid. and intrans.) die, cease to exist (intrans.), épol≈leka (trans.) or épÒlvla (intrans.), ---, --- êrxv, êrjv, ∑rja, rule, command (+ Gen.); begin (middle) ∑rxa, ∑rgmai, ∑rxyhn (+ Gen.) éfίhmi, éfÆsv, éf∞ka, send forth, send away; let go, neglect éfe›ka, éfe›mai, éfeίyhn éfikn°omai, éfίjomai, éfikÒmhn, arrive ---, éfίgmai, --- éfίsthmi, épostÆsv, ép°sthsa (trans.) or ép°sthn (trans.) cause to revolt; (mid. or intrans.) revolt (intrans.), éf°sthka (intrans.), éf°stamai, épestãyhn baίnv, -bÆsomai, -¶bhn, walk, step, go; (perfect) stand b°bhka, ---, --- bãllv, bal«, ¶balon, throw; hit (with thrown object) b°blhka, b°blhmai, §blÆyhn blãptv, blãcv, ¶blaca, hurt, harm b°blafa, b°blammai, §blãbhn / §blãfyhn bouleÊv, bouleÊsv, §boÊleusa, deliberate on, plan; (mid.) take counsel with oneself, beboÊleuka, beboÊleumai, §bouleÊyhn deliberate boÊlomai, boulÆsomai, ---, want ---, beboÊlhmai, §boulÆyhn gίgnomai, genÆsomai, §genÒmhn, be born; become; happen g°gona, geg°nhmai, --- gign≈skv, gn≈somai, ¶gnvn, perceive, recognize, know ¶gnvka, ¶gnvsmai, §gn≈syhn grãfv, grãcv, ¶graca, write, draw; note down, cause to be written, indict

g°grafa, g°grammai, §grãfhn (middle) de›, deÆsei, §d°hse(n), ---, ---, --- (impersonal verb) it is necessary, must; there is need deίknumi, deίjv, ¶deija, show d°deixa, d°deigmai, §deίxyhn d°xomai, d°jomai, §dejãmhn, receive; welcome ---, d°degmai, --- dhlÒv, dhl≈sv, §dÆlvsa, make clear, show dedÆlvka, dedÆlvmai, §dhl≈yhn diaf°rv carry through; be different from, excel (+ Gen.) didãskv, didãjv, §d¤daja, teach; cause (someone) to be taught (middle) ded¤daxa, ded¤dagmai, §didãxyhn dίdvmi, d≈sv, ¶dvka, give d°dvka, d°domai, §dÒyhn dok°v, dÒjv, ¶doja, seem, think ---, d°dogmai, -§dÒxyhn douleÊv, douleÊsv, §doÊleusa, be a slave (+ Dat.) dedoÊleuka, ---, --- dÊnamai, dunÆsomai, ---, be able ---, dedÊnhmai, §dunÆyhn §y°lv, §yelÆsv, ±y°lhsa, be willing, wish ±y°lhka, ---, --- e‰mi, ---, ---, ---, ---, --- go, come efimί, ¶somai, ---, ---, ---, --- be §kpίptv be driven out, be banished §laÊnv, §l« (§lãv), ≥lasa, drive, march -§lÆlaka, §lÆlamai, ±lãyhn ¶jesti(n), §j°stai, ---, ---, ---, --- (impersonal verb) it is allowed; it is possib le (+ Dat./Acc., infinitive) §panίstamai, §panastÆsomai, §pan°sthn, rise in insurrection against (+ Dat.) §pan°sthka, ---, --- §pibouleÊv plot against (+ Dat.) §pideίknumai show off, display §pίstamai, §pistÆsomai, ---, know ---, ---, ±pistÆyhn ßpomai, ßcomai, •spÒmhn, follow; pursue (+ Dat.) ---, ---, --- ---, §rÆsomai, ±rÒmhn, ---, ---, --- ask ¶rxomai, §leÊsomai, ∑lyon, come, go §lÆluya, ---, --- §rvtãv, §rvtÆsv, ±r≈thsa, ask, question ±r≈thka, ±r≈thmai, ±rvtÆyhn ¶sti(n) there is; it is possible eÍrίskv, eÍrÆsv, hὗron, find, discover hÏrhka, hÏrhmai, hÍr°yhn ¶xv, ßjv or sxÆsv, ¶sxon, have, hold; be able; (+ adv.) be; (middle) cling to, ¶sxhka, -¶sxhmai, --- be next to (+ Gen.) zht°v, zhtÆsv, §zÆthsa, seek §zÆthka, ---, §zhtÆyhn ≤g°omai, ≤gÆsomai, ≤ghsãmhn, lead the way; be commander; rule (+ Gen.); believe ---, ¥ghmai, ≤gÆyhn ¥xv, ¥jv, ---, ---, ---, --- have come, be present

yãptv, yãcv, ¶yaca, bury ---, t°yammai, §tãfhn yÊv, yÊsv, ¶yusa sacrifice; cause a sacrifice to be made, consult the t°yuka, t°yumai, §tÊyhn gods (middle) ·hmi, -¥sv, -∏ka, -eÂka, -eÂmai, -e·yhn release, hurl, send ·sthmi, stÆsv, ¶sthsa (trans.) or ¶sthn (intrans.), make stand; (middle or intransitive) stand ßsthka (trans.), ßstamai, §stãyhn kayίsthmi, katastÆsv, kat°sthsa (trans.) or (trans.) appoint, establish, put into a state; (intrans.) kat°sthn (intrans.), kay°sthka (intrans.), be established, be appointed, enter into a kay°stamai, katestãyhn state kal°v, kal«, §kãlesa, call k°klhka, k°klhmai, §klÆyhn katalÊv destroy; dissolve ke›mai, keίsomai, ---, ---, ---, --- lie, be placed, be set keleÊv, keleÊsv, §k°leusa, order, command

kek°leuka, kek°leusmai, §keleÊsyhn kl°ptv, kl°cv, ¶kleca, steal k°klofa, k°klemmai, §klãphn krίnv, krin«, ¶krina, separate, decide, judge k°krika, k°krima, §krίyhn kvlÊv, kvlÊsv, §k≈lusa, hinder, prevent kek≈luka, kek≈lumai, §kvlÊyhn lambãnv, lÆcomai, ¶labon, take e‡lhfa, e‡lhmmai, §lÆfyhn lanyãnv, lÆsv, ¶layon, escape the notice of (+ Acc.) l°lhya, ---, --- l°gv, §r« or l°jv, e‰pon or ¶leja, say, speak e‡rhka, e‡rhmai or l°legmai, §l°xyhn or §rrÆyhn le¤pv, le¤cv, ¶lipon, leave, leave behind l°loipa, l°leimmai, §le¤fyhn lÊv, lÊsv, ¶lusa, unbind, free, release, dissolve, destroy; unbind

l°luka, l°lumai, §lÊyhn (one’s own or for oneself), cause someone to be freed, ransom (middle)

manyãnv, mayÆsomai, ¶mayon, learn, understand memãyhka, ---, --- mãxomai, maxoËmai, §maxesãmhn, fight (+ Dat.) ---, memãxhmai, --- m°llv, mellÆsv, §m°llhsa, ---, ---, --- be about/likely to (+ fut. inf.); delay m°nv, men«, ¶meina, remain, stay mem°nhka, ---, --- metadίdvmi give a share to metanίstamai, metanastÆsomai, metan°sthn, migrate metan°sthka, ---, --- mhxanãomai, mhxanÆsomai, §mhxanhsãmhn, contrive, devise ---, memhxãnhmai, --- nikãv, nikÆsv, §n¤khsa, nen¤khka, win, conquer nen¤khmai, §nikÆyhn nomίzv, nomi«, §nÒmisa, consider, think, believe nenÒmika, nenÒmismai, §nomίsyhn o‰da, e‡somai, ---, ---, ---, --- know

oÂÒw t' efimί be able (+ complementary infinitive) ırãv, ˆcomai, e‰don, see •Òraka or •≈raka, •≈ramai or Œmmai, ὤfyhn paideÊv, paideÊsv, §pa¤deusa, educate, teach; cause someone to be educated or

pepa¤deuka, pepa¤deumai, §paideÊyhn taught (middle) paragίgnomai be present, be with (+ Dat.) paradίdvmi hand over, surrender; hand down param°nv stand fast; stay behind pãsxv, pe¤somai, ¶payon, suffer, have done to one p°ponya, ---, --- paÊv, paÊsv, ¶pausa, make stop, stop (transitive); stop (oneself), cease p°pauka, p°paumai, §paÊyhn (intransitive - middle) pe¤yv, pe¤sv, ¶peisa, persuade; persuade oneself, obey (+ Dat.) (middle) p°peika, p°peismai, §pe¤syhn p°mpv, p°mcv, ¶pemca, send

p°pomfa, p°pemmai, §p°mfyhn pίptv, pesoËmai, ¶peson, fall p°ptvka, ---, --- pisteÊv, pisteÊsv, §pίsteusa, trust (+ Dat.) pepίsteuka, pepίsteumai, §pisteÊyhn poi°v, poiÆsv, §po¤hsa, pepo¤hka make, do pepo¤hmai, §poiÆyhn politeÊv, politeÊsv, §pol¤teusa, live as a citizen; conduct the government; pepol¤teuka, pepol¤teumai, §politeÊyhn (passive) be governed prãttv, prãjv, ¶praja, p°praxa (trans.) do; fare p°praga (intrans.), p°pragmai, §prãxyhn prodίdvmi betray, give up (to an enemy), abandon punyãnomai, peÊsomai, §puyÒmhn, inquire, learn by inquiry ---, p°pusmai, --- sumbouleÊv advise, counsel (+ Dat.); (mid.) consult with (+Dat.) sumf°rv bring together; be useful or profitable; it is expedient (impersonal, with infinitive) sunίhmi, sunÆsv, sun∞ka, understand, comprehend sune›ka, sune›mai, suneίyhn sÊnoida be aware, know (+ Dat.) s–zv, s≈sv, ¶svsa save s°svka, s°svsmai/s°svmai, §s≈yhn tãttv, tãjv, ¶taja, draw up in order, station, appoint; fall into order of t°taxa, t°tagmai, §tãxyhn battle (middle) teleutãv, teleutÆsv, §teleÊthsa, finish, die teteleÊthka, teteleÊthmai, §teleutÆyhn tίyhmi, yÆsv, ¶yhka, put t°yhka, t°yhmai, §t°yhn timãv, timÆsv, §t¤mhsa, tet¤mhka, honor tet¤mhmai, §timÆyhn tr°pv, tr°cv, ¶treca or §trapÒmhn, turn; (mid., aor. pass.) turn oneself t°trofa, t°trammai, §trãphn or §tr°fyhn tugxãnv, teÊjomai, ¶tuxon happen (to); hit the mark; (+ Gen.) obtain tetÊxhka, ---, --- ÍpakoÊv heed, obey (+ Gen. or Dat.) Ípom°nv await; stand firm; endure

faίnv, fan«, ¶fhna, show, cause to appear; (mid., perf. act., aor. pass.) p°fhna, p°fasmai, §fãnhn appear f°rv, o‡sv, ≥negka or ≥negkon, bring, bear, carry; win (middle) §nÆnoxa, §nÆnegmai, ±n°xyhn feÊgv, feÊjomai, ¶fugon, flee; be in exile; be a defendant p°feuga, ---, --- fyãnv, fyÆsomai, ¶fyasa or ¶fyhn, act first; be first (in doing something); ---, ---, --- anticipate (someone) fhmί, fÆsv, ¶fhsa, ---, ---, --- say, assert, affirm fil°v, filÆsv, §fίlhsa, love pefίlhka, pefίlhmai, §filÆyhn fob°omai, fobÆsomai, ---, fear, be afraid ---, pefÒbhmai, §fobÆyhn fulãttv, fulãjv, §fÊlaja, guard; guard someone for one’s own protection, be pefÊlaka, pefÊlagmai, §fulãxyhn on guard against (middle) xaίrv, xairÆsv, ---, rejoice (in), take pleasure (in), enjoy (+ Dat.) kexãrhka, ---, §xãrhn xoreÊv, xoreÊsv, §xÒreusa, dance, take part in a chorus kexÒreuka, kexÒreumai, §xoreÊyhn xrÆ, xr∞stai, ---, ---, ---, --- (impersonal verb) ought, must 3). ADJECTIVES égayÒw, égayÆ, égayÒn good êdhlow, êdhlon unclear, uncertain êdikow, êdikon unjust éyãnatow, éyãnaton undying, immortal ÉAyhna›ow, ÉAyhna¤a, ÉAyhna›on Athenian afisxrÒw, afisxrã, afisxrÒn ugly, shameful a‡tiow, afit¤a, a‡tion responsible (for), guilty (of) (+ Gen) élhyÆw, élhy°w true, real êllow, êllh, êllo another, other (translated twice when used twice) êlogow, êlogon unreasoning, unreasonable, irrational émayÆw, émay°w ignorant, stupid énãjiow, énãjion unworthy (+ Gen.) êjiow, éj¤a, êjion worthy, worth (+ Gen.) ëpaw, ëpasa, ëpan all, quite all aÈtÒw, aÈtÆ, aÈtÒ (adj.) same (in attributive position) -self, -selves (in predicate position) êfrvn, êfron senseless, foolish bãrbarow, bãrbaron non-Greek, foreign barÊw, bare›a, barÊ heavy deinÒw, deinÆ, deinÒn fearsome, marvelous, clever deÊterow, deut°ra, deÊteron second d∞low, dÆlh, d∞lon clear, visible d¤kaiow, dika¤a, d¤kaion just dÊo two eÂw, mίa, ßn one ßkastow, •kãsth, ßkaston each (of many); (pl.) each (of several groups), all (considered singly)

§ke›now, §ke¤nh, §ke›no that §leÊyerow, §leuy°ra, §leÊyeron free (+ Gen.) §mÒw, §mÆ, §mÒn my; mine (as a substantive) ¶mpeirow, ¶mpeiron experienced in, acquainted with (+ Gen.) ßterow, •t°ra, ßteron the other (of two) eÈgenÆw, eÈgen°w well-born, noble eÈda¤mvn, eÎdaimon fortunate, wealthy, happy eÈtuxÆw, eÈtux°w lucky §xyrÒw, §xyrã, §xyrÒn hated, hostile; (as substantive) (personal) enemy ≤dÊw, ≤de›a, ≤dÊ pleasant, glad ≤m°terow, ≤met°ra, ≤m°teron our; ours (as a substantive) flerÒw, flerã, flerÒn holy, sacred to (+Gen.) flkanÒw, flkanÆ, flkanÒn sufficient, capable ‡sow, ‡sh, ‡son equal, fair; flat kainÒw, kainÆ, kainÒn new, strange kakÒw, kakÆ, kakÒn bad, evil kalÒw, kalÆ, kalÒn beautiful, noble, good koinÒw, koinÆ, koinÒn common LakedaimÒniow, Lakedaimonίa, LakedaimÒnion Spartan makrÒw, makrã, makrÒn long, tall m°gaw, megãlh, m°ga big, great, large m°sow, m°sh, m°son middle (of) mhdeίw, mhdemίa, mhd°n no one, nothing mikrÒw, mikrã, mikrÒn small, little, short mÒnow, mÒnh, mÒnon alone n°ow, n°a, n°on new, young ˜de, ¥de, tÒde this (here, in this place) oÂow, o·a, oÂon such as, of the sort which; what sort of! Ùlίgow, Ùlίgh, Ùlίgon little; (pl.) few ˜moiow, ımoίa, ˜moion like (+ Dat.) ÙjÊw, Ùje›a, ÙjÊ sharp, keen ÙryÒw, ÙryÆ, ÙryÒn straight, correct ˜sow, ˜sh, ˜son as much/many as, as large as; how much/many!, how large! ˜stiw, ¥tiw, ˜ti (indefinite relative / indirect interrogative) whoever, whatever oÈdeίw, oÈdemίa, oÈd°n no one, nothing oὗtow, aÏth, toËto this, that palaiÒw, palaiã, palaiÒn old, agend, ancient pçw, pçsa, pçn all, every; whole po›ow, poίa, po›on of what kind? pol°miow, polem¤a, pol°mion hostile (+ Dat.) polÊw, pollÆ, polÊ much, many ponhrÒw, ponhrã, ponhrÒn worthless, evil, base pÒsow, pÒsh, pÒson how much/many?, how large? pÒterow, pot°ra, pÒteron which (of two) prÒterow, prot°ra, prÒteron former, superior pr«tow, pr≈th, pr«ton first

=ñdiow, =&dίa, =ñdion easy safÆw, saf°w clear, distinct sÒw, sÆ, sÒn your; yours (as a substantive) sofÒw, sofÆ, sofÒn wise, skilled sÊmpaw, sÊmpasa, sÊmpan all together sf°terow aÈt«n their (own) s≈frvn, s«fron prudent, temperate taxÊw, taxe›a, taxÊ quick, swift t°tartow, tetãrth, t°tarton fourth t°ttarew, t°ttara four tίw, tί (interrogative adjective) which?, what? tiw, ti (indefinite enclitic adjective) some, any toioËtow, toiaÊth, toioËto/toioËton of this/that sort, such (as this) tosoËtow, tosaÊth, tosoËto/tosoËton so much/many, so large tre›w, trίa three trίtow, trίth, trίton third Ím°terow, Ímet°ra, Ím°teron your; yours (as a substantive) Ïstatow, Ístãth, Ïstaton last Ïsterow, Íst°ra, Ïsteron later f¤low, f¤lh, f¤lon dear, beloved, one’s own foberÒw, foberã, foberÒn fearful xalepÒw, xalepÆ, xalepÒn difficult, harsh ceudÆw, ceud°w false, lying 4). CONJUNCTIONS éllã (conj.) but gãr (pospositive conj.) for (explanatory) d° (postpositive conj.) but §pe¤ (conj.) after, when, since §peidãn (conj.) after, when, whenever §peidÆ (conj.) after, when, since ßvw (conj.) as long as, while; until ≥ (conj.) or; than ≥... ≥ (conjs.) either... or ·na (conj.) in order that ka¤ (conj) and ka¤... ka¤ (conjs.) both... and m°n... d° (postpositive conjs.) on the one hand... on the other hand m°xri (conj.) as long as; until mÆ (conjunction) that, lest (with fear clauses) mhd° (conjunction) and not (conjunction) mÆte... mÆte (conjunctions) neither... nor (used in negative mÆ constructions) ˜pvw (conj.) in order that (introducing purpose clauses); that (introducing object clauses of effort) ˜tan (conj.) when, whenever ˜te (conj.) when, whenever ˜ti (conj.) that, because

oÈd° (conjunction) and not (conjunction) oÎte... oÎte (conjunctions) neither... nor (used in negative oÈ constructions) prίn (conj.) (+ infinitive) before; (+ indicative or ên & subjunctive) until te (enclitic conjunction) and …w (conj.) in order that; also with participle of cause or purpose; not asserted by speaker of sentence …w (conj.) that Àste (conj.) so as, so that 5). ADVERBS ée¤ (adv.) always ëma (adverb) at the same time aÈtίka (adv.) immediately §ke› (adverb) there (in that place) §ntaËya (adv.) here, there; then ¶peita (adv.) then, thereupon ¶ti (adv.) yet, still eÔ (adv.) well ‡svw (adv.) equally; perhaps ka¤ (adv.) even, also ka¤per (adv.) although (used only with participles) mãla (adv.) very mãlista (adv.) most mçllon (adverb) more, rather mÆ (adv.) not (negates purpose clauses ONLY) mhd° (adverb) not even (adverb) mhk°ti (adv.) no longer mÆpote (adv.) never, not ever mÒnon (adverb) only nËn (adv.) now ˜mvw (adv.) nevertheless oÈ, oÈk, oÈx (adv.) not oÈd° (adverb) not even (adverb) oÈk°ti (adv.) no longer oÎpote (adv.) never, not ever oÏtv(w) (adv.) in this way, so, thus pãlai (adverb) long ago pãnu (adv.) perfectly, very; by all means pÒyen (adverb) from where?, whence? po› (adverb) (to) where?, whither? pollãkiw (adv.) often pÒte (adv.) when? pot° (enclitic adv.) at some time, ever pÒteron (adv.) introduces alternative question poË (adverb) where?, in what place? pou (enclitic adverb) qualifies an assertion, I suppose; somewhere prÒteron (adv.) before, earlier p«w (adv.) how? pvw (enclitic adv.) in any way, in some way tÒte (adv.) then Ïsteron (adv.) later 6). PREPOSITIONS

ëma (prep. + Dat.) at the same time as; together with êneu (prep. + Gen.) without ént¤ (prep. + Gen.) instead of épÒ (prep. + Gen) from, away from diã (prep. + Gen., Acc.) + Gen.: through + Acc.: on account of efiw (prep. + Acc.) into, to; for (the purpose of) §k, §j (prep. + Gen.) from, out of §n (prep. + Dat.) in ßneka (prep. + preceding Gen.) for the sake of §pί (prep. +Gen., Dat., Acc.) + Gen.: on + Dat.: on, pertaining to, on condition that + Acc.: onto, over, against, for (purpose) katã (prep. + Gen., Acc.) (+ Gen.) under; against (+ Acc.) according to metã (prep. + Gen., Acc.) + Gen.: with + Acc.: after parã (prep. + Gen., Dat., Acc.) + Gen.: from (the side of)

+ Dat.: at (the side/house of) + Acc.: to (the side of), beside; contrary to

per¤ (prep. + Gen. Dat., Acc.) + Gen.: concerning, about + Dat.: around (i.e., with body) + Acc.: around, concerning (i.e., with motion) prÒ (prep. + Gen.) before; in front of prÒw (preposition + Gen., Dat., Acc.) + Gen.: in the eyes/name of + Dat.: near; in addition to + Acc.: toward sÊn (prep. + Dat.) with Íp°r (prep. + Gen., Acc.) + Gen.: over, above (a fixed position); on behalf of + Acc.: over, beyond (of motion or measure) ÍpÒ (prep. + Gen., Dat., Acc.) (+ Gen.) by (personal agent); under (+ Dat.) under, under the power of (+ Acc.) under (with motion); toward (of time) xãrin (prep. + preceding Gen.) for the sake of 7). PARTICLES ên (particle) used in some conditional sentences îra (particle) (introduces a question) ëte (particle) with causal participle; speaker's assertion aÔ (postpositive particle) again, further, in turn ge (enclitic particle) at any rate; at least (emphasizes or limits preceding

word) dÆ (postpositive particle) in fact, of course §ãn (particle) if efi (particle) if efi gãr (particle) introduces optative of wish e‡ye (particle) introduces optative of wish ka¤toi (particle) and further, and yet nÆ (affirmative particle) by (+ name of god in Acc.) oÂa (particle) with causal participle; speaker's assertion oÔn (postpositive particle) then, therefore -per (enclitic particle) adds force to preceding word toi (enclitic particle) let me tell you, you know

8). OTHER éna- (prefix) up, up to épo- (prefix) away from d°ka (indeclinable numeral) ten dia- (prefix) through, in different directions efi (indirect interrogative) whether, if efis- (prefix) into, in, on e‡te... e‡te (indirect interrogatives) whether... or, if... or §k-, §j- (prefix) out of, thoroughly §nn°a (indeclinable numeral) nine ßj (indeclinable number) six §pi- (prefix) upon, over, against, after •ptã (indeclinable numeral) seven kata- (prefix) down; against; srengthens meaning of verb meta- (prefix) indicates sharing or change ı, ≤, tÒ the (often shows possession) Ùkt≈ (indeclinable numeral) eight ˜w, ¥, ˜ (relative pronoun) who, which para- (prefix) beside p°nte (indeclinable number) five peri- (prefix) all around; very, exceedingly pro- (prefix) forward, on behalf of, before pros- (prefix) to, against; besides sun- (prefix) with, together Íper- (prefix) over; greatly; on behalf of Ípo- (prefix) under; secretly; gradually, slightly Œ (interjection) O! (used with Voc.)