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GRAPHING

USING DATA TO MAKE GRAPHS

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WHAT IS DATA?

Data is information.

An example:

In my fifth grade class we took a pizza lovers survey.

We learned that ten kids liked pepperoni pizza best.

Nine kids liked sausage pizza best.

Seven kids liked cheese pizza best.

This information is called DATA.

WHAT IS DATA?

If a mom was planning a pizza party for the class,

she would need the pizza lovers survey DATA.

I need to order 10

pepperoni, 9 sausage

and 7 cheese pizzas.

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WHAT IS DATA?

Your report card is another example of data.

Math: 88%

Reading: 94%

Science: 75%

Social Studies: 80%

Language Arts: 55%

My Language Arts

teacher may not

like me.

DATA IS EVERYWHERE.

TV

Books

Newspaper

There is way

too much data

in school!

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HOW DO PEOPLE USE DATA?

We use data to make

money.

The data from

the test will

help us cure

your disease.

Data is needed to

build things.

DATA CAN BE CONFUSING.

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WE USE GRAPHS TO ORGANIZE DATA.

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Math Reading Sci SS L. Arts

I know my parents will

want to talk to my

Language Arts

teacher.

GRAPHS MAKE DATA EASIER TO UNDERSTAND.

Cows 124

Chickens 450

Turkeys 388

Horses 56

Mules 110

Below is data without a graph.

Animals on the farmChickens

rule!

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DATA WITH A GRAPH.

Cows 124

Chickens 450

Turkeys 388

Horses 56

Mules 110

Animals on the farm

0

100

200

300

400

500

Cows

Chickens

Turkeys

Horses

Mules

LET’S LEARN ABOUT GRAPHS.

There are many different types of graphs.

For Example...

1. The bar graph

2. The line graph

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Math Reading Sci SS L. Arts

0

10

2 0

3 0

4 0

5 0

6 0

7 0

8 0

9 0

10 0

Math Reading Sci SS L. A rts

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DIFFERENT TYPES OF GRAPHS CAN SHOW THE SAME DATA.

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Math Reading Sci SS L. Arts

0

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2 0

3 0

4 0

5 0

6 0

7 0

8 0

9 0

10 0

Math Reading Sci SS L. A rts

Awesome! These

graphs show the same

data!

Bar Graph

Line Graph

CHECK OUT THE BAR GRAPH.

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Math Reading Sci SS L. Arts

X axis

Y axis

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CHECK OUT THE LINE GRAPH.

0

10

2 0

3 0

4 0

5 0

6 0

7 0

8 0

9 0

10 0

Math Reading Sci SS L. A rts

Y axis

X axis

TYPES OF GRAPHS

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Pictograph

Types of Graphs

Line Graphs Plots

Circle Graph

Histogram

Single

Double

Stem & Leaf

Line

Single

Double

Box - and -

Whisker Plot

Scatter

Bar Graphs

LINE GRAPH

Temperature For One Week

0102030405060708090

100

Day 1 Day 2 Day 3 Day 4 Day 5

Days of the Week

Deg

rees

Fa

ren

heit

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LINE GRAPH

• A line graph is used to illustrate change over time.

• Line graphs need:

- Title

- Labeled X and Y axes

- Equal Intervals

- Data displayed by points connected into lines

DOUBLE LINE GRAPH

Amount of Rainfall

0

1

2

3

4

5

May June July August

Months

Inch

es 1999

2000

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DOUBLE LINE GRAPH

• A double line graph is used to compare two groups of related data over time.

• Double line graphs need:

- Title

- Labeled X and Y axes

- Equal Intervals

- Data displayed by points connected into lines

- Key

SCATTER PLOT

Study Time Versus Grades

00

20

40

60

80

100

1 2 3 4

Study Time in Hours

Grade *

** *

* * *

5

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SCATTER PLOT

• Shows how closely two sets of data are related

• The closer the sets are related, the closer the points come to forming a straight line.

• Scatter Plots include:

- title

- labeled axes

- equal intervals

- corresponding numbers plotted as ordered pairs

HOW TO CONSTRUCT A LINE GRAPH ON PAPER

SEE HANDOUT

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HOW TO CONSTRUCT A LINE GRAPH ON PAPER

How to Construct a Line Graph on Paper

Step What To Do How To Do It

1Identify the

variables

a. Independent variable – (controlled by the

experimenter)

Goes on the x-axis (horizontal)

Should be on the left side of a data table

a. Dependent variable – ( changes with the

independent variable)

Goes on the y-axis (vertical)

Should be on the right side of a data table

2Determine the

variable range

a. Subtract the lowest data value from the

highest data value

b. Do each variable separately

HOW TO CONSTRUCT A LINE GRAPH ON PAPER

How to Construct a Line Graph on Paper

Step What To Do How To Do It

3Determine the

scale of the graph

a. Determine scale (the numerical value for

each square) that best fits the range of

each variable

b. Spread the graph to use MOST of the

available space

4Number and label

each axis

This tells what data the line on your graph

represent.

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HOW TO CONSTRUCT A LINE GRAPH ON PAPER

How to Construct a Line Graph on Paper

Step What To Do How To Do It

5Plot the data

points

a. Plot each data value on the graph with a

dot

b. You can put the data number by the dot, if

it does not clutter your graph

6 Draw the graph

a. Draw a curve or a line that best fits the

data points

b. Most graphs of experimental data are not

drawn as “connect-the-dots”

HOW TO CONSTRUCT A LINE GRAPH ON PAPER

How to Construct a Line Graph on Paper

Step What To Do How To Do It

7 Title the graph

a. Your title should clearly tell what the graph

is about

b. If your graph has more than one set of

data, provide a “key” to identify the

different lines.

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