Graphic concept
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Transcript of Graphic concept
Applications of Advanced Graphics
AnimationDigital Image processingMorphingFractalsRay Tracing
AnimationArt of creating moving imagesWidely used in education, training,
entertainment, advertising.Formal definition of computer animation is ”
generation of time sequence of visually changing objects in their shapes, colour, orientation, translation, rotation etc.”
Computer animation is divided into two broad processes.
To design and creation of animation sequence To display animation sequence
In general ,an animation sequence is designed with the following steps:
1.Storyboard Layout2.Object Definitions3.Key-frame specifications4.Generations of in-between
frames
The storyboard is an outline of the action.An object definition is given for each
participant in the action.A key frame is a detailed drawing of the
scene at a certain time in the animation sequence.
In-betweens are the intermediate frames.Approximately 1500 frames are needed for
a clip of one minute of film.
In practice, the animation is created by three traditional ways.
Key frame system- key frame is defined Parameterized system- parameter may be
degree of freedom, motion path - motion path can be linear or non-linear or random
linear- car on a straight road non-linear- motion of a cricket ball
random- flying butterfly Scripting system – user writes some functions to
control animation.
Methods to define motionDirect motion specification - clockGoal specified motion – cricket ballKinematics motion specification- motion can
be specified by position, velocity, acceleration
Morphing
Digital Image ProcessingIt is composed of finite number of elements.Each of these elements consists of location
information and pixel details.The digital images may be fun images,
medical images, biometric images, satellite images etc.
Sometimes they contain some noise or some clarity is needed.
For doing this, some process is performed on the images, which is known as Digital Image. Processing.
The main objectives of digital image processing are: 1) To improve pictorial information
2) To analyze pictorial information3) To optimize image storage for
efficient representation and transmission.
Image processing is divided into three major categories
1) Image compression2) Image enhancement and restoration3) Image extraction
1) Image compressionSize of digital image is very largeDifficult to transmit due to large size
For example, animation series or video.
For this reason, we need to reduce the size of the image- it is known as image compression
2) Image enhancement and restorationIn this method, the images are processed for
data error detection, removal of noise and distortion occurs while scanning the picture or recording the scene
It is used to restore the original scene in the form of image.
There are two types of noises that can be present in an image.
1) Random 2) Non-randomSome vital information regarding random
pixels is missing as may happen during scanning of a picture is known as random noise.
When some strips or lines disturb the image, it is known as non-random type of noise.
In the noise removal, filtering techniques are used.
Linear Filter Multidimensional filter Median filter Laplacian filter Gaussian filter Mean filterKuwahara filterSigma filter
Other image enhancement tasks are colour and brightness adjustment etc.
Ex. Black and white imageNegative imageImage with glowing edgeBlurred imageImage with different background
Image ExtractionClassify the image into various parts.Segmentation and clustering are the
methods to analyze a picture by the classification.
Applications of digital image processingMedical scienceEntertainmentRemote sensingRoboticsBiometrics
FractalsThe objects which are neither 2-dimensional
or 3-dimensional.They are in some fractional dimensions like
1.5 and so on.Ex. Clouds, curve, trees, mountains etc.
Fractals are divided into three groups1) Exact self-similar fractals
Exactly identical at different scales2) Quasi self-similar fractals
Nearly identical at different scales3) Statistical self-similar fractals
Have numerical or statistical measures across the scale.
Ray tracingFinds the colour information of each and
every pixel in the scene by tracing a ray of light that is reflected back to the viewer’s eye from the pixel position.
Ray tracing