Grammar talk unit 5
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Transcript of Grammar talk unit 5
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Grammar Talk: Unit 5
Page 75
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English modals are sometimes called
“incomplete verbs.” That is because they act like
verbs in some ways, but not in others.
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The Modals are:
• shall and should • will and would • may and might • can and could
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Modals are different from other verbs!
• They don’t take –s in the third person singular
(he/she/it)Example: He eats, but he must eat.
• A modal is always followed by the base form (dictionary
form) of another verb.
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There are other expressions that we often study at the same time as
we study modals because they have similar meanings. We call these “modal-like expressions”:
- to have to- to be supposed to- to be allowed to
-ought to
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Modals are TRICKY!
• Funny things happen in the negative!
(For example, must = have to, but “mustn’t” and “don’t have to” have
different meanings.)
And modals OFTEN change meaning in the past tense!
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Obligation (Necessity)You must
ORhave toORhave got to
call them. You must notORcan’tORare not allowed to
call them.
Note the different meaning of “have to” in the negative:You don’t have to call them.
You had to call them You couldn’tORweren’t allowed to
call them.
Note the different meaning:
You didn’t have to call them.
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AdviceYou had better
ORShouldORought to
leave early You had better notORshouldn’t
leave early
You should haveORought to have
left early. You shouldn’t have left early.
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ExpectationYou are
supposed toORare to
take a gift. You are not supposed toORare not to
do this.
You were supposed toORwere to
take a gift. You were not supposed toORwere not to
do
do
this.
this.
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Suggestion
You couldmight
give roses.
You could havemight have
given roses.
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No Obligation (No Necessity)
You don’t have todon’t need to
call them.
You didn’t have todidn’t need to
call them.