Grammar NotebookBy: Mariana Tucker

Table of Contents

Preterite vs. imperfect

Ser vs. estar Verbs like gustar Comperatives/

superlatives Transition words Future Trigger words-

future Por para

• Preterite• Tigger words-

Preterite• Car-Gar-Zar• Spock Verbs• Snake and Snake-y

verbs• Cucaracha Verbs• Imperfect• Trigger words-

imperfect• Irregulars

Preterite

• A completed action

• the distant past

• Perfected time

What is it?

• specific events that occured

• narrate a series of past actions or events

when to use? • Example

sentences:• I ate chicken for

dinner last night• Yo comí pollo para

cena a noche.

Examples

É amos

Aste

ó aron

í imos

iste

ío ieron

-AR VERBS

-ER/-IR VERBS

Preterite continued…

Hace que

Un dia

Una vez

Anteayer

El pasado

ayer

Trigger words- Preterite

A las ocho

A noche

*When you see these words in a sentence you will have a hint to use the preterite*

Tocar (yo form) Jugar (yo form)

Tocé = WRONG!

Toqué- to get the hard “c’ sound

Jugé= WRONG!

Jugué- to get the hard “g” sound

-Car, -Gar, -Zar

*Stem changing verbs in the preterite

Fui FuimosFuisteFue Fueron

d/v -i d/v -imosd/v -iste d/v -io d/v –ieron

hice hicimoshicistehizo hicieron

Ir/Ser:

Dar/Ver:

HACER:

Spock Verbs

“Snake” Verbs

E to I- Competir- Repetir- Servir- Sentir- Pedir- Preferir

O to u- Morir- dormir

*Snake verbs will only change in the “usted” and “ustedes” form

“Snake-ey” verbs.

The verbs that require a “y” in the “usted” and ustedes” form happen with verbs like leer and oir.

oí oímos

oiste

oyó oyeron

Oir

Preterite Irregulars aka “Cucharacha Verbs”

Andar anduv-Estar estuv-Poder pud-Poner pus-Querer quis-Saber sup-Tener tuv-Venir vin-decir dij-traer traj-conducir conduj-producir produj-Traducir traduj-

• The root of these verbs change but the normal preterite endings will stay the same.

• The highlighted verbs will end in –eron instead of –ieron because of the j’s that are at the end of the verbs.

Continued…Background information is being discussed, such as:

TimeWeatherlocation

Example sentences: 1. Cuando era niña me gustaba ver television.

2.

Cuando uso el imperfecto?Describe physical or emotional states/ characteristics

When there is an interruption in the sentence

Endings -Araba abamosabas aba aban

-Er/-Ir

í íamos

ías

Ía ían

IMPERFECTO

Imperfect irregulares

Ir-iba íbamos

-ibas -iba iban

Ver-veía veíamos

-veías - veía veían

Ser-era éramos

-eras -era eran

Trigger words- Imperfect

siempre

Todos los días

mientras

A veces

Cada día

Los lunes

Ser- “to be”

D- escriptions O- rigin C- haracteristics T- ime O- ccupation R- elationships P- ossesion E- vents D- ates

Estar

H- ealth E- motions L- ocation P- resent condition I N G } Ar- ando

Er/ir- endo -yendo

Verbos como Gustar When gustar is

followed by one or more verbs in the infinitive, singular form of gustar is always used

Often used in conditional (me gustaría) to soften a request.

•Ejemplos: -A Adela le encanta la musicá de Shakira.

- A mi me aburre la música clásica.

Verbos como gustar cont…

Abburir Encantar Faltar Fascinar Importar Interesar Molestar Quedar Doler

Caer bien/mal disgustar Hacer falta preocupar soprender apetecer

Comparatives/Superlatives Ejemplos:- La casa es grande- El granero es mas grande que la casa- El castillo es el mas grande de todos

Ejemplos:- Este dinosaurio es feroz.- Este dinosaurio es menos feroz que el

otro- Este dinosaurio es el menos feroz

dinosaurio en el mundo.

Comparatives/ superlatives cont…

IrregularesBueno mejorMalo peor

Viejor mayorJoven menor

* To say “more than” or “less than” with numbers….use “mas de” or “menos de” + number

Connector words

Aunque- even though

Por lo tanto- therefore

Mientras- while

Pero- but

Tambien- also

A pesar de- in spite of

Sin embargo/ no obstante- nevertheless

Infinitivo + é Infinitovo + emos

Infinitive + ás Infinitivo + éis

Infinitive + á Infinitivo + án

Irregulares

El Futuro

Decir Dir Hacer harPoner PondrSalir SaldrTener TendrValer ValdrVenir VendrPoder Podr

Querer Querr Saber SabrCaber CabrHaber Habr

Trigger words- Futuro

Mañana El proximo día En dos días

When to use POR….

Passing through…PORtal General rather than specific

location….PORtugal How long something lasts….PORever The cause of something…PORpuse An exchange…imPORt/esPORt Doing something in place of or instead of

someone else….I’m POR, pay for me A means of

transportation….transPORtation

When to use PARA…

For whom something is done…surprise PARAty

Destination….PARAguay The purpose for which something is

done…PARAchute To express an opinion…PARAdon me To contrast or compare…comPARA Tp express idea of deadline…

PARAmedic