Norman Clift

-aré amosaste asteisó aron

-er/irí imosiste isteis ió

ieron

Ayer = yesterday Anteayer = day before

yesterday A las __ (tiempo) = at __

(time) o’clock El __ (día de la semana) =

on __ El día anterior = day before El __ (día) pasado = last __ El fin de semana = last

weekend Ayer por la mañana =

yesterday morning El otro dia = the other day Una vez = one time/once

Esta tarde = this afternoon Esta noche = tonight Entonces = then Desde el primer momento

= from the 1st moment Durante __ (numero) siglos

= during __ centuries En ese momento = in that

moment Hace __ (period of time) =

___ ago

Ir/ser fui fuiste fue fuimos fueron

Hacer hice hiciste hizo hizimo

s hiciero

n

Dar/Ver

-i -iste -io -imos -ieron

e -----> i Competir Pedir Preferir Repetir Sentir Servir Venir

vení venimosveniste vinio vinieron

o -----> u• Dormir• Morir• Contar

i -----> y Leer Creer Oir

leí leimosleiste leisteisleyó leyieron

-ar-aba -abamos-abas -abais-aba -aban

-er/ir-ía -

íamos-ías -íais-ía -ían

-ar-aba -abamos-abas -abais-aba -aban

Pretérito Imperfecto

Recent past Interrupted action Specific time

Distant past Continuing action Not specific time

Description Origin Characteristics Time Occupation Relationship Possession Event Date

Health Emotions Location Present

condition I N G

(verbs ending in –ing)

Aburrir Encantar Faltar Fascinar Importar Interesar Molestar Quedar

Caer bien/mal Doler Disgustar Hacer falta Preocupar Sorprendar Apetecer

Comparativos Superlativos

Es mas grande que… Es menos grande

que…

Irregulars Bueno-mejor Viejo-mayor Malo-peor Joven-menor

Es el mas grande de… Es el menos grande

de…

A pesar de Aunque Mientras No obstante Pero Por lo tanto Sin embargo tambien

In spite of Even though While Nevertheless But Therefore Nevertheless Too/also

Add these endings to the end of a verb without removing any letters◦ é◦ ás◦ á◦ emos◦ éis◦ án

El proximo __ (tiempo) Manana En __ (numero) __ (tiempo)

Decir Hacer Poner Salir Tener Valer Venir Poder Querer Saber Caber Haber Hay

Dir_ Har_ Pondr_ Saldr_ Tendr_ Valdr_ Vendr_ Podr_ Querr_ Sabr_ Cabr_ Habr_ Habrá

Passing through… General rather than

specific Location… How long something

lasts… The cause of something… An exchange… Doing something in place

of Of someone else… Means of transportation…

PORtal

PORtugalPOReverPORposeimPORt/exPORt

I’m POR, pay for me…transPORtation

For whom something is done…

Destination… Purpose for which

something is done… Compare and Contrast… To express an opinion… To express idea of

deadline…

PARAtay

PARAguauyPARAsites

comPARAPARAdon me..PARAmedic

Conditional...........26◦ Irregulars.................27

Present Perfect......28◦ Irregulars.................29

Past Perfect...........30 Subjunctive

Perfect..................31 Tan y Tanto...........32 Impersonal ‘Se’.....33 Saber vs.

Conocer................34

Informal Commands............35◦ Irregulars.................36

Formal Commands............37

Nosotros Commands............38

Subjunctive...........39◦ Irregulars.................40

Trigger Phrases.....41 Demonstrative

Adjectives.............42

Expresses probability, wonder, conjecture, or possibility

Would, should, could Same irregulars as el futuro Use imperfect with would

Infinitive + -ia -iamos -ias -iais -ia -ian

CaberPonerDecir

HaberSalir

HacerPoderTener

QuererValer

SaberVenir

Cabr Pondr Dir Habr Saldr Har Podr Tendr Querr Valdr Sabr Vendr

HABER He Hemos Has Habeis Ha Han

A compound tense formed with ‘haber’ and past participle of the other verb◦ -ar -> ado◦ -er/ir -> ido

True the in past, still true in the present

Completed recently Tells what has/have

not been done

AbrirCubrirDecir

EscribirHacerMorirPoner

ResolverRomper

VerVolver

Ir

Abierto Cubierto Dicho Escrito Hecho Murto Puesto Resuelto Roto Visto Vuelto Ido

Used when you have or had done something in the past

Use conjugated ‘haber’ in front of verb

Conjugate verb after ‘haber’ ◦ -ar –> ado◦ -er/ir -> ido

HABER Había Habíamos

Habías Habíais Había Habían

It is used in the same clause types as present subjunctive

Normally used to indicate the completed action with verbs in the present or future tense

Present subjunctive conjugation of “HABER” and the past participle

HABER Haya Hayamos

Hayas Haya Hayan

TAN TANTO

Tan _ como...◦ As _ as...

Used with adjectives and adverbs

EX: El examen es tan facil como los otros.

Tanto _ como...◦ As much/many as...

Used only with nouns and verbs

Add an ‘s’ if plural

EX: Tienen tantos monos como la selva.

Use se to avoid specifying who is doing the verb Always use the verb in the 3rd person Can be used in every tense

◦ EX: El se ve por el espejo

◦ EX: Ella se perjudica por fumar.

SABER CONOCER

Used with reference to knowledge of factual information, not personal◦ EX: Carlos no sabe la

respuesta.

Used with reference to knowledge of people or places◦ EX: Carlos conoce mi

amigo Humberto.

POSITIVE NEGATIVE

1. Conjugate to “Usted”

EX: ¡Come la comida!

EX: Camina EX: Habla

1. Conjugate to “Usted”2. Drop ending (vowel)3. Add opposite ending4. Add “s” to the end5. Add “NO” to the

beginning

EX: No comas EX: No hables

Decir ------------ Di Hacer ----------- Haz Ver/Ir ----------- Ve Poner ----------- Pon Salir ------------ Sal Ser ------------- Sé Tener ----------- Ten Venir ----------- Ven

POSITIVE NEGATIVE

Conjugate to yo Add opposite ending

EX: Juege conmigo EX: Escriba

Add “n” to the end if plural

Conjugate to yo Add opposite ending

EX: No juege EX: No escriba

Add “n” to the end if plural

Conjugate to nosotros

Add opposite ending of nosotros

EX: Escribamos EX: Comamos

MONO Used to make the

verb reflexive Drop the “s” at the

end of conjugated verb

Add nos to the end

EX: Duchar -> Duchemos -> Duchemosnos -> Duchemonos

Conjugate to “yo” Add opposite ending Express attitudes, uncertain, hypothetical,

will, influence, emotion, or doubt Que connects to subjunctive Use infinitive if no change in subject

-car-gar-zar

ConducirDecir

OirDarHay

-qué -gué -cé Conduzc_ Dig_ Oig_ Dé, des, den, demos Haya, hayas, hayan,

hayamos

Impersonal Expressions◦ Show an order, need, piece of advice, or desire◦ Es posible que, es importante que, es bueno que

Expressions of Emotion◦ show fear, happiness, anger, regret, surprise, joy, pity◦ Temer que, sentir que, alegrarse que

Conjunctions of Time◦ use the subjunctive after them after the subordinate

clause is habitual or in the past◦ Hasta que, en cuanto, luego que

Esta* Estas Esa* Esas Aquella Aquellas

MASCULINE FEMININE

Este* Estos Ese* Esos Aquel Aquellos

ThisTheseThatThoseThat over thereThose over there

*when used as pronoun, add accent