Grammar book
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Transcript of Grammar book
![Page 1: Grammar book](https://reader036.fdocuments.us/reader036/viewer/2022062707/55848290d8b42a72258b4731/html5/thumbnails/1.jpg)
Libro De Gramática Español
Miguel Lanier 7th period
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Table of Contents
3. Presente -ar –er –ir 15. Preterite4. Stem Changers 16. Irregulars-
CarGarZar
5. Irregulars –go –zco –yo 17. spock 6. Saber vs conocer 18. cucaracha 7. Reflexives 19. snakey/snakeys8. ‘se’ impersonal 20.Comparatives 9. Dipthongs 21. Superlatives10. Verbs like…Uir/guir 22. Future11. Verbs like…Cer/cir 23. irregulars 12. Verbs like…Ger/gir13. Hace +__+ que + present/presentente14. Imperfecto
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Ar, Er, Ir Los verbos regulares en el presente
Caminar-
Camino
Camina
Caminas Caminamos
Caminan
Comer-
Como Comemos
Comes Comen
Come
Vivir-
Vivo Vivimos
Vives Viven
Vive
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Stem Changers(boot verbs)
The verbs change in the root They do not change in the
nosotros form or the vosotros E >ie O >ue U >ue
Pensar-Pienso
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Irregulars -go -zco -yo
The “go” “zco” verbs are only in the irregulars in the yo form
“go” verbs- caer, decir, oir, puner, hacer, tener, traer, venir
“zco” verbs (cer/cir)- conocer, producir, conducir
y los demás – ser, ir, estar, ver, saber, dar
Yo - Conozco
Yo - Produzco
Yo - Conduzco
Yo – Tengo
Yo – Hago
Yo - Vengo
Ser- Ir-
Soy Somos Voy Vamos
Eres Son Vas Van
Es Va
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Saber Vs Conocer
saber y conocer= to know “yo” forms are irregular
Conocer- Conozco conocemosConoces ConocenConoce
Saber – Sé sabemosSabes sabenSabe
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Reflexives
Brenda se lava- se is reflexive Reflexives also can be added on
the end of an infinitive. Such as…- Puedo verme en el espejo
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‘se impersonal
pronoun ”se” is in front of verbs to make general statements.
¿cómo se dice man en español? In English it translates to either
“you say” or “one says.” How do you that in spanish?
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Dipthongs w/accents
Dipthongs are the strong or weak vowels in a word next to each other.
Strong vowel sounds are a,e,o. Weak vowel sounds are i,u,y. puerto, ciudad, siete, hay.
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Verbs like…Uir/Guir
-Yo form only changes from Gu to G -Conseguirconsigoconsiguesconsigueconseguimosconsiguen
-Nosotros form is the only that doesn’t change.-Verbs that end in -uir (not guir) add y before o, e, and a endings-atribuir atribuyoatribuyesatribuyeatribuimosatribuyen
GUIR UIR
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Verbs like…Cer/cir
vowel + cer or cir add z before the c in the yo form only.
consonant + cer or cir change the c to z in the yo form only.
conducir = conduzco ejercer = ejerzo
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Verbs like…Ger/gir
Verbs that end in ger and gir change the g to j in the yo form only.
coger = cojo fingir = finjo
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Hace +__+ que + Present/Presentente The yo form is the only irregular Hago, haces, hace, hacemos,
hacen
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Imperfecto
The imperfect tense is used to refer to actions in the past that occurred repeatedly.
Yo caminaba todo los días.
Er/Ir-
íaíasíaíamosían
Ar-abaabasabaábamosaban
Ser-
eraeraseraéramoseran
Ver-
veíaveíasveíaveíamosveían
Ir-
ibaibasibaíbamosiban
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Preterite
-Past tense -Known beginning -Snap shot
Trigger words
Ayer Anoche Anteayer La semana pasada
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é í aste iste ó ío amos imosaron ieron Esto el preterio
Stem changes
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Los irregulaguros
Car gar zar Que gue ce
- Only in you - Ex. Tocar-toqué. Jugar-jugué. Comenzar-comencé
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spock
Ir,ser dar,ver Fui, fuiste, fue, fuimos, fueron dar- di, diste, dio, dimos,
dieron
ver- vi, viste, vio, vimos, vieron
Hacer Hice, hiciste, hizo, hicimos, hicieron
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cucaracha
Andar anduve - If verb conjugation Estar estuve ends in a j, drop Poder pude the I. Poner puse Querer quise conducir-condujSaber supe producir-produjTener tuve traducir-traduj Venir vine
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Snake/snakey
Stem changers and y changers Changes the root of the verb in
the preterite only in the usted and usteded forms.
Dormir Leer
Dormi dorimos
Dormiste
Durimo durmiero
Lei leimos
Leiste
Leyo leyeron
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compartives
Mas que..More than Menos que..less/fewer than Tan..come as Tanto como.. As much/many as Are the comparison of a person or
thing to another thing.
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superlatives
Indicate that one person or thing is the best, least, or worst.
Noun+más or menos+ adjective Es la ciudad menos intersante del
mundo.
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Future
Infinitive+ trigger words
é todos los dias
ás Siempre á a menudo emos Por lo
general án Ir+a+infinitive
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Irregulars
Decir-dir Haber-habr Poder-podr Poner-ponr Querer-querr Saber-sabr Salir-saldr Tener-tendr Valer-valdr- Vanir-vendr