Grammar book
Transcript of Grammar book
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GRAMMAR BOOK
By: Sydney DiMilia2nd Period12-6-10
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Table of Contents
• Ser• Estar• Hacer Expressions• Verbs like Gustar• Pretartio• Trigger Words• -car, -gar, -zar• Spock verbs
• Cucaracha verbs• Snakes• Snakeys• Commands• DOPs• Irregulars• IOPs• ‘Se’ impersonal
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Ser Descriptions
Origin
Characteristics
Time
Occupation
Relationships
Possession
Events
Dates
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EstarHealth
Emotions
Location
Present Condition
I
N
G
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Hacer Expressions
Present Tense: Since and For Preterit Tense: Ago
HACE+ TIME+ QUE+ VERBExample: Hace un problemas con Pedro per tres
días.
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Verbs Like Gustar
• Dolar(o-ue): to hurt• Fascinar: to facinate• Molestar: to bother• Encantar: to love• Faltar: to lack, to be in
need of• Importar: to be important
to• Disgustar: to discust
Me
Te
Le
Nos
Os
Les
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Pretérito
Form Hablar Comer Escribir
Yo hablé comí escribí
Tú hablaste comiste escribiste
Ust. habló comió escribió
Nosotros hablamos comimos escribimos
Ustes. hablaron comieron escribieron
- A definite time in the past with a beginning and/or ending.
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Trigger Words• Ayer: yesterday• Anteayer: day before
yesterday • A las ocho: at 8 o’clock• El Miércoles: on Wednesday• El día anterior: the day
before• El Lunes pasado: last Monday• El fin se semana pasado: last
weekend• Ayer por la mañana:
yesterday morning
• El otrodía: the other day• Una vez: one time/once• Esta tarde: this afternoon• Esta noche: tonight• Entonces: then• Desede el primer momento:
for the moment• Durante dos siglos: during 2
centuries• En ese momento: in the
moment/then• Hace dos días: two days ago
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-Car, -Gar, -Zar
Tocar Jugar Comenzar
toqué jugué comencé
tocaste jugaste comenzaste
tocó jugó comenzó
toamos jugamos comenzamos
tocaron jugaron comenzaron
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Spock Verbs
VER
DAR
SER
IR
HACER
Ir/SerFuiFuisteFueFuimosFueron
HacerHiceHiciteHizoHicimosHicieron
DarDiDisteDioDimosDieron
VerViVisteVioVimosVieron
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Cucaracha VerbsAndarEstarPoderPonerQuererSaberTenerVener
Anduv-Estuv-Pud-Pus-Quis-Sup-Tuv-Vin-
ConducirProducirTraducir
Conduj-Produj-Traduj-
DecirTraer
Dij-Traj-
•E•Iste•O•Imos•Istes•Eron
Drop “I” for “ieron”
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Snakes y SnakeysDormí
Dormiste
Durmó
Dormimos
Dormisteis
Durmieron
Pedi
Pediste
Pidio
Pedimos
Pedisteis
Pidieron
leí
leíste
leyo
leímos
leísteis
leyeron
Leer, creer, oir I to Y in 3rd person
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Object Pronoun Rules
• DOP• IOP• Reflexive Pronouns
ONLY ATTACHES TO ADVERB IN 3 INSTANCES
1. Infinitive2. Positive command3. Gerund
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Commands
• Put the verb in “yo” form• Change it to the opposite vowel• Positive add DOP• Negative precedes the congregated
verb
Lo
los
La
Las
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DOP
• Answers the question of what is receiving direct action of the verb.
Example:I gave it to her.Se lo di.
Me
Te
Le
Nos
Os
Les
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Irregulars
• T- tenga• V- venga• D- de• I- vaya• S- sea• H- haga• E- este• S- sepa
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IOP
• Answers the question of to whom or for whom.
Example:She gave it to me.Me lo dio.
Me
Te
Le
Nos
Os
Les
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‘Se’ Impersonal
1. Use se to avoid specifying a person who is doing the action of the verb.
1. Se vende fruta en la frutería.
2. When using se, the verb is always in the 3th person.
1.Aquí se habla español.
3. Se can be used in all tenses. 1. Se hizo mucho.2. Se había hecho.
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PAST PARTICIPIALS AS ADJECTIVES • Add –
ado for –ar verbs
• Add –ido for –ir/-er verbs
Agree with nouns they modify in gender AND number.
IrregularsAbrir-abierto
Cubrir-CubiertoDecir-Dicho
Escribir- EscritoHacer- HechoMorir-MuetroPoner-Puesto
Resolver- resueltoRomper-roto
Ver-vistoVolver-vuelto
Ir- ido
ExampleComer Comido
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El Futuro and ir+a+infinitive
• é • ás• á
• emos
•éis
•án
Pair with Infinitives
!
Example:Deber+Infinitve= debes limpiar
Decir- dirhacer-harponer-pondrsalir-saldrtener-tendrvalar-valdrpodor-podrsabar-sabr
cabar-cabrquierer-querrhabar- habrvender-vendr
Irregulars
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Demostrative Adjectives• este (this one - masculine)
estos (these ones - masculine)esta (this one - feminine)estas (these ones - feminine)
• ese (that one - masculine)esos (those ones - masculine)esa (that one - feminine)esas (those ones - feminine)
• aquel (that one over there - masc.)aquellos (those ones over there - masc.)aquella (that one over there - fem.)aquellas (those ones over there - fem.)
• estethis
• esethat
• aquelthat one over there
Example:Juan lee este libro.Esa estatua es griega.
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Demonstrative Pronouns– éste (this) – ése (that) – aquél (that)
Examples:No quiero ésa.Voy a comprar ésta.
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Imperfect Tense
• AR
cantaba
cantabas
cataba
cantábamos
cantabais
canataban
• IR/ER
Babía
Bebías
Bebía
Bebíamos
Bebíais
bebían
Hay Había
IrIbaIbasIbaÍbamosIbaisiban
SerEraErasEraÉramosEraisEran
VerVeíaVeíasVeía VeíamosVeíaisveían
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Los Mandatos
• Compre Ud. el anillo. Buy the ring. (formal) Compra (tú) los dulces. Buy the candy. (familiar)
• If the ”yo” form is irregular then move the irregular form to the command.
NOTE:-ar verbs:-e (for Ud.), -en (for Uds.)-er and -ir verbs:-a (for Ud.), -an (for Uds)
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Modal Verbs
ir+a+infinitive (going to do something)
Poder+infinitive (we are able to do something)
Querer+infinitive (we want to do something)
Deber+infinitive (should do something)
Tener que+infinitive (to have to do something)
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Reflexive VerbsMe
Te
Se
Os
Nos
Se
Process of Thought:•Pick pronoun•Conjugate•Pronoun in front of verb
Example:He sees himself:Se ve
He is going to see himself:Se va a ver OR va a verse
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Sabar vs. Conocer
Sabar
To know
Facts or information
Conocer
To know
People, places, things, or
published works.