MATEO COOPER2 N D PERIOD

EL 9 DE DECIEMBRE

Grammar Book

Table of Contents

Ser Commands Mandatos Formales Estar Irregulars - InformalesVerbs Like Gustar IOPs Modal VerbsHacer expressions Snakes ReflexivesPreterito Snakies Saber vs conocerTrigger Words Se Impersonal Car, Gar, Zar Past Participle as AdjCucaracha Verbs El FuturoDOPs Demonstrative Adj Demonstrative Pronouns imperfect tense

Ser

Use the verb Ser under these circumstances

Description Possession Ex: Soy Alto

Origin Events

Characteristics Dates

Time Questions dealing with ser

Occupation Que es? Como es? Quien es?

Relationships Que hora es? Que hace?

Estar

Estar is similar to the verb ser, except estar is used do describe a present condition, a location, emotions, and health

Ex: Estoy muy feliz When using Estar in the “ing” form, the ending of the word

must be changed. An “ar” ending verb changes to ando An “er” ending verb changes to endo An “ir” ending verb changes to yendo Ex: Hablar changes to Hablando. Comer changes to

Comendo. Questions dealing with estar: Como Estas? Como Esta?

Donde Estas?

Verbs like Gustar

Gustar very different from many other verbs. It is conjugated differently and you must put a pronoun in front of the verb.

Gustar isnt the only verb conjugated this way, other verbs like gustar include: facinar, doler, faltar, molestar, encantar, importar, disgustar, and pintar

The pronouns to use in front if these verbs goes as follows:Yo form- Me Nosotros form- nosTu Form-Te Vosotros form- osEl/ella form- Le Ustedes form- LesEx: Me Gusta el beisbolALSO!!- if the direct object of the verb is plural, then the

“ar” must be replace with “an”Ex: Me Gustan manzanas

Hacer Expressions

Hace + Time + Que + Conjugated verb

Then conjugated verb can be in any tense

Ex: Hace dos años que vivo en la Francia

Preterito

The Preterito is a definite time in the past with a beginning and/or ending

Conjugating verbs is el preterito goes as follows:Hablar Escribir ComerYo-hable escribi ComiTu-hablaste escribiste ComisteEl-Hablo escribio Comio Nos-hablamos escribimos ComimosUds-hablaron escribieron Comieron

Trigger Words

Ayer- yesterday - these are examples of

Anteayer- day before yesterday trigger words that can be

A las ocho- 8 o’clock used in the preterito.

El miercoles- On Wednesday El dia anterior- day before Ayer por la manana- yesterday morning El otro dia- The other day Una vez- one time Esta tarde- this afternoon Esta noche- tonight Entonces- then Hace dos dias- two days ago

Car, Gar, Zar

Verbs ending in car, gar, or zar are conjugated in their own special way that goes as follows

Tocar Jugar ComenzarYo-toque jugue ComenceTu-tocaste jugaste ComenzasteEl- toco jugo ComenzoNos- tocamos jugamos ComenzamosUds.- tocaron jugaron Comenzaron

Ex: Jugue beisbol ayer

Spock Verbs

ve r

dar

serir

hace

r

Fui Fuimos

Fuiste Fuisteis

Fue Fueron

i imos

iste isteis

io ieron

Hice hicimos

Hiciste hicisteis

Hizo hicieron

Cucaracha Verbs

Andar- anduv Estar- estuv Poder- pud Poner- pus When conjugating cucaracha Querer- quis verbs, they change into these forms Saber- sup Tener- tuv Yo- e Nosotros-

imos Venir- vin Tu- iste Vosotros-

isteis Conducir - conduj el/ella- o Ustedes-

ieron Producir- produj Traducir- traduj Deicr- dij Traer- traj

DOPs

Lo, La, Los, Las DOPs can hook onto its verb, but only in 3 situations 1. infinitive Ex: Voy a comerlo 2. affirmative commands Ex: Bebala! 3. gerunds/ present progressive Ex: Estoy comiendolo All other times the DOP goes before the conjugated verb Ex: Yo lo comi In a negative command, the DOP comes after “no” and before

the command Ex: Yo no lo comi

Commands

For “ar” verbs drop the o and add e

Ex: Hable!

For “er/ir” verbs drop the o and add a

Ex: Viva!

Irregulars

The irregular commands are known as TVDISHES

Tener Tenga(n)

Venir Venga(n)

Dar dé(n) & decir diga(n)

Ir Vaya(n)

Ser Sea(n)

Hacer Haga(n)

Estar Esté(n)

Saber Sepa(n)

IOPs

Me, te, le, nos, os, les

IOPs answer to whom or for whomMust have DOP to have an IOPIOP comes before the DOPEx: I gave it to her. Se lo di.

Change to se

Snakes and Snakeys

In the snakes group”, there is a stem change in the 3rd person Ex: Dormir Dorm

Se impersonal

“se” is used to show who is conducting the action

Past Participle as Adjective

- Agree with nouns they modify in gender and number

Add- “ado” for “ar” verbsAdd- “ido” for “ir” verbsEx- El pollo comido, la manzana comida - los pollos comidos, las manzanas comidas

Irregulars: Abrir-abierto, cubrir-cubierto, decir-dicho, escribir-escrito, hacer-hecho, morir-muerto, poner-puesto,

Romper-roto, ver-visto, volver-vuelto, ir-ido

El Futuro

Yo- infinitive + e Nos- infinitive + emos

Tu- infinitive + as Vos- infinitive + eis

El- infinitive + a Uds- infinitive + an

Ex: Comere Comeremos Comeras Comereis Comera Comeran Irregulars: Decir-dir, Hacer-har, Salir-saldr, tener-tendr,

valer-valdr, poder-podr, querer-querr, saber-sabr, caber-cabr, haber-habr

Demonstrative Adjectives

Agree with both gender and number with the noun they modify

Always in front of the noun they modify

Este/Esta (this) Estos/Estas (these)Ese (that) Esos/Esas (those)

Demonstrative Pronouns

Add an accent over the first “e” of the demonstrative adjective to change it into a pronoun

Ex- Ese, Esta

Imperfect Tense

Ar Er/Ir Ir Ser Ver

Cantaba Babia Iba Era Veia

Cantabas Bebias Ibas Eras Veias

Cataba Bebia Iba Era Veia

Cantamos Bebiamos Ibamos Eramos Veiamos

Canataban Bebian Iban Eran Veian

Ex- Hay- Habia

Mandatos formales

ArPut in “yo” formDrop the “o” and add an “e” Ex-

Hablar- Hable

Er/IrPut in “yo” formDrop the “o” and add an “a” Ex- Bebir-

Beba

Mandatos Informales

Change to the “tu” form

Simply drop the “s”

Affirmative Put in “Yo”

form. Change to the opposite vowel

Add an “s”

Negative

irregulars= TVDISHES

Model verbs

Ir+a+infinitive

Poder+infinitive able to do something

Querer+infinitive Want to do something

Deber+infinitive should do something

Tener que+infinitive to have to do something

Reflexive Verbs

PronounsMe NosTe OsSe SeReflex back to the conductor of the particular

action

Ex: Levantarse- to get up

Saber vs Conocer

Saber ConocerTo know informative facts To know of people,

things,Mental or places physical

concrete objects