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Transcript of Grammar book
Grammar Book
Memo Strickland
Table Of Contents
1. Preterit2. Preterit Trigger Words3. Car- Gar- Zar-4. Spock5. Cucaracha6. Snake7. Snakey8. Imperfect9. Imperfect Trigger Words10. Imperfect Irregular11. Preterit vs. Imperfect
12. Ser vs. Estar13. Verbs Like Gustar14. Comparatives and Superlatives15. Transition Words16. Future17. Future Trigger Words18. Future Irregular19. Por20. Para21. Demonstrative Adjectives22. Demonstrative Pronouns
Preterit
• Used to express actions of the speakers that are completed
• Beginning or end of a past action
• Narrate a sense of past actions or events
• All of the events that occurred
• To conjugate -ar verbs, drop the (-ar) and substitute it with:
aba abamosabasaba aban
• To conjugate –er/ir verbs, drop the (-er/ir) and substitute it with:
ía íamosÍas
ía ían
Preterit Trigger Words
• A Veces• Mientras• Cada Dia• Frecuentemente• Siempre• Todos los Dias• Muchas Veces
• A Menudo• De Vez en• Cuando• Los lunes
Car- Gar- Zar-
• Car -> qué • Gar -> gué • Zar -> cé
• Only works in first person.
Spock
HacerVe
rDarIr
Ser
Cucaracha• Andar- Anduv• Estar- Estuv• Poder- Pud• Querer- Quis• Saber- Sup• Tener- Tuv• Venir- Vin• Conducir- Conduj• Producir- Produj• Traducir- Traduj• Decir- Dij• Traer- Traj
-e-iste-o-imos-isteis-ieron• “J” verbs i (eron)
Snake
• e>IPediPreferirCompetirRepetirServirVenir
o>uDormirMorir
PedíPedistePatio
Pedimos
Pidiron
Snakey
LeiLeísteLeyo
Leimos
Leyeron
• e>IPediPreferirCompetirRepetirServirVenir
o>uDormirMorir
Imperfect• To conjugate -ar verbs, drop the
(-ar) and substitute it with:aba ábamosabasaba aban
*There are no stem changes in Imperfect.
• To conjugate –er/-ir verbs, drop the (-er/-ir) and substitute it with:
ía ábamos ía
ía ía
Imperfect Trigger Words
• Un dia• Una vez• Ayer• Hace un año• Ya• El martes• El mes pasado
• Anteayer• Por una• Hora• Por fin• A las ocho• Anoche• El cinco de febrero
Imperfect Irregularser ir ver
era iba veía
eras ibas veías
era iba veía
éramos íbamos veíamos
erais ibais veíais
eran iban veían
*Only three irregulars in the imperfect tense.
Pretérit
Used to express actions of the speaker that are
already completed.
Used at the beginning or end of a past action.
Used to narrate a series of past actions or
events.
Used to describe all events that occur.
Imperfecto
Describes an on going past action with no beginning or end.
Used to express habitual past actions or
events.
Describes physical or emotional states or
characteristics.
Used to describe background information.
(weather, time, and location)
-AR -ER/IRé í
aste isteó ió
amos imos
aron ieron
-AR -ER/IR
aba í a
abas í as
aba í a
abamos í amos
aban í an
Imperfecto
Preterito
Preterit vs. Imperfect
Ser v. EstarD • Descriptions
O • Origin
C
T
O
R
P
E
D • Dates
ESTAR
• Events
• Characteristics
• Occupation
• Relationship
• Possession
• Time
H • Health
E
L
P
I
N
G
• Emotions
• Location
• Present Condition
ar - andoer/ir - endo - yendo
SER
Verbs Like Gustar
• Hacer• Faltar• Soprender• Disgustar• Doler• Aburrir• Quedar• Molestar• Importar
• Caer Bien• Caer Mal• Apetecer• Preocupar• Interesar• Encantar• Fascinar
Comparatives and Superlatives• When you want to compare the age or quality of two things, you
will use the comparative form of the adjective plus than. For example:• better than = mejor que• worse than = peor que• older than = mayor que• younger than = menor que
• Ex 1: “Mi hermana es mayor que mí.” (My sister is older than me.)• Ex 2: “Mi hermana es la mayor.” (My sister is the oldest in my
family.)
Comparatives and Superlatives
• Use tan … como for “as … as” when the characteristic in common is an adjective or adverb.• Ex: You’re as old as my sister.
• - Use tanto … como for “as many … as” or “as much … as,” when the characteristic in common is a noun.• Ex: I have as many toys as you.
Transition Words(Connecting Words)
• Aunque- Even Though• También- Also• Mientras- While• A Pesar de- In Spite of• Pero- but• Por lo Tanto- Therefore• Sin Embargo/No obstante- Nevertheless
Future
infinitive + é Infinitive + emos
Infinitive + á Infinitive + éis
Infinitive + án Infinitive + án
*Note that all endings have accents except for nosotros.
• The future tense is used to tell what will happen or what shall happen.• Actions that will happen in the near future
• Ex. I will go to the beach next week.
Future Trigger Words
• Manaña• Pasado manaña• Proximo año• Año pasado• Es un una/dos/tres horas
Future Irregulars• Decir Dir +__• Hacer Har +__• Poner Pondre +__• Salir Saldre +__• Tener Tendre +__• Valer Valdre +__• Venir Vendre +__• Poder Podre +__• Querer Querr +__• Saber Sabr +__• Caber Cabr +__• Haber Habr +__
é emosás éisá á
•Decir- to say/tell•Hacer- to make/do•Poner- to put into place•Salir- to exit•Tener- to have•Valer- to be worth•Venir- to come•Poder- to be able to•Querer- to want•Saber- to know info.•Caber- to fit into(car)•Haber- to have(only used with other verbs)
Por• Passing through…PORtal• Este tren pasa POR tejas• General rather than specific…PORtugal• No sé si hay una piscina POR aquí• How long something lasts…PORever• Vivimos en ATL POR muchos años• The cause of something…PORpuse• The exchange of something…imPORt or exPORt• Doing something in place of or instead of something else…I’m POR, pay
for me• Cecilia pagó• A means of transportation…transPORtation• No podemos acampar POR la tormenta
Para
• For whom something is done…surprise PARAty• Compraremos un regalo PARA sarah• Destination…PARAguay• Fransico tomó el avión PARA San Juan• Compré anteojos PARA ver mejor• To express an opinion…PARAdon me, but• Para me los ejercicios son fantastico• To contrast or compare• Para maestra, no sabe muco de la matematicas• To express an idea of deadline…PARAmedic• Hay que terminar la tarea PARAmañana
Demonstrative Adjectives
Demonstrative Pronouns