Grammar Book 2

16
Carlota Shoup

Transcript of Grammar Book 2

Page 1: Grammar Book 2

Carlota Shoup

Page 2: Grammar Book 2

El Imperfecto El Pretérito

-Car, -Gar, -Zar Spock Cucaracha Snake/Snakey

Modal Verbs Los Adverbios Progressives

Present Past

Future Irregular Conditional

Superlatives Formal Commands Prepositions Demonstratives

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Time/date/age/feelings/descriptions Past tense No definite beginning or end Interrupted activity

(Cuándo)

Ongoing action (Was/were)

Repeated (Used to)

-ar -er/-ir-aba -ía-abas -ías-aba -ía

-ábamos -íamos-aban -ían

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-ar -er/-iré Í

aste iste

ó ióamos imosaron ieron

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-Car, -Gar, -Zar

Regular verbs with these endings have a spelling change in the “yo” form to keep the soung of the verb.

toCAR juGAR comenZAR

Toqué Jugué Comencé

Tocaste Jugaste Comenzaste

Tocó Jugó Comenzó

Tocamos Jugamos Comenzamos

Tocaron Jugaron Comenzaron

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Spock Irregular Verbs

Ser

Ir

Hacer:Hice

HicisteHizo

HicimosHicieron

Ver & Dar:D/V i

D/V isteD/V io

D/V imosD/V ieron

Ser & Ir:Fui

FuisteFue

FuimosFueron

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La Cucaracha VerbsAndar Anduv-Estar Estuv-Poder Pud-Poner Pus-Querer Quis-Saber Sup-Tener Tuv-Venir Vin-

Decir Dij-Traer Traj-

Conducir Conduj-Producir Produj-Traducir Traduj-

-e

-iste

-o

-imos

-isteis

-eron

-ieron-i

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Snake/Snakey

• Dormir• Dormí• Dormiste• Durmió• Dormimos• Dumieron

•Leer•Leí•Leiste•Leyó•Leimos•Leyeron

To write the 3rd

person preteriteform of –er and –irverbs with stems

that end in a vowel, change the

“i” to a “y”

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Ir + a + infinitive (going to do something)

Poder + infinitive (are able to do something)

Querer + infinitive (want to do something)

Deber + infinitive (should do something)

Tener que + infinitive (to have to do something)

Soler + infinitive (to be accustomed to…)

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-ly in English….-mente in Spanish

When 2 adverbs modify the same verb, only the 2nd

uses the “–mente” ending. Example: El autor escribió rápida y fácilmente.

The author wrote quickly and easily.

Irregular: (do not follow the pattern of most adverbs) Mucho- a lot Muy- very Mal- bad Bastante- quite/enough Bien- good/well Ya- already Tan- so Demasiado- too

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Present Describes what is happening now Estar/Ser + -ando/-iendo/-yendo “yendo” because 2 vowels (spacer) Example: Estoy hablando a tí.

I am talking to you

Past (Imperfect): Combine “estar” with a present participle Drop –ar, -er, -ir ending and attach

appropriate ending Estaba hablando a tí.

I was talking to you

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“Will” Infinitive +

Example: Cantaré- I will sing

Irregular: Decir dir- Hacer har- Poner ponar- Salir saldr- Tener tendr- Valer vendr- Poder podr- Querer querr- Saber sabr-

éásáemosán

éásáemoséisán

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Used when you want to say that something has the most or the least of a certain quality El más………………………El menos Los más……………………Los menos La más…………………….La menos Las más…………………..Las menos

To use a noun with the superlative form, put it after the article.

When you refer to an idea or concept, use the neuter article “lo”.

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In usted/ustedes form, put in the “yo” form

and make feminine.

Example: trabajar – trabajo – trabaja

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Abajo Arriba A la derecha (de) A la izquierda (de) Al lado (de) Cerca (de) Debajo (de) Delante (de) Dentro (de) Detrás (de) Encima (de) Entre Fuera (de) Lejos (de)

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This That That Over ThereEste Ese AquelEsta Esa Aquella

These Those Those Over ThereEstos Esos AquellosEstas Esas Aquellas