Theory of Plate Tectonics Plate Tectonics Plate Boundaries Causes of Plate Tectonics.
Grade 10 Earth Science 1st quater : Plate tectonics
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Transcript of Grade 10 Earth Science 1st quater : Plate tectonics
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Theory of Plate TectonicsTheory of Plate Tectonics
Plate TectonicsPlate Tectonics
Plate BoundariesPlate Boundaries
Causes of Plate TectonicsCauses of Plate Tectonics
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Plate TectonicsPlate Tectonics
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What is Plate TectonicsWhat is Plate Tectonics
• The Earth’s crust and upper mantle are broken into sections called plates
• Plates move around on top of the mantle like rafts
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What is the What is the LithosphereLithosphere??
• The crust and part of the upper mantle = lithosphere–100 km thick
–Less dense than the material below it so it “floats”
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What is the What is the AsthenosphereAsthenosphere??
• The plastic layer below the lithosphere = asthenosphere
• The plates of the lithosphere float on the asthenosphere
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2 Types of Plates2 Types of Plates
• Ocean plates - plates below the oceans
• Continental plates - plates below the continents
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Questions...Questions...• What is the theory of plate
tectonics?
• What is the lithosphere?
• What is the asthenosphere?
• What is the connection between the two?
• What are the two types of plates?
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Plate BoundariesPlate Boundaries
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Convergent BoundariesConvergent Boundaries
• Boundaries between two plates that are colliding
• There are 3 types…
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Type 1Type 1• Ocean plate colliding with a
less dense continental plate• Subduction Zone: where the
less dense plate slides under the more dense plate
• VOLCANOES occur at subduction zones
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PLATE A
PLATE B
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GUIDE QUESTIONS:1.What type of plate is Plate A? What about Plate B? Why do you say so?
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GUIDE QUESTIONS:2.Describe what happens to Plate A as it collides with Plate B? Why?
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GUIDE QUESTIONS:3. What do you think may happen to the leading edge of plate A as it continues to move downward? Why?
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GUIDE QUESTIONS:4. What do you call this molten material?5. What is formed on top of Plate B?
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GUIDE QUESTIONS:6. As the plates continue to grind against each other, what other geologic event could take place?
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CONTINENTAL &
OCEANIC PLATES
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Type 2Type 2
• Ocean plate colliding with another ocean plate
• The less dense plate slides over the more dense plate creating a subduction zone called a TRENCH
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ACTIVITY 2.B CONVERGENCE OF TWO OCEANIC PLATES
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Aleutian Islands, AlaskaAleutian Islands, Alaska
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GUIDE QUESTIONS:ACTIVITY 2.B
1. What are the geologic processes/events that will occur out of this plate movement?
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GUIDE QUESTIONS:ACTIVITY 2.B
2. What geologic features might form at the surface of Plate A?
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GUIDE QUESTIONS:ACTIVITY 2.B
3.If the edges of Plate A suddenly flicks upward, a large amount of water may be displaced. What could be formed at the surface of the sea?
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Video
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Type 3Type 3
• A continental plate colliding with another continental plate
• Have Collision Zones:–a place where folded and thrust
faulted mountains form.
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ACTIVITY 2.C : CONTINENTANL PLATES CONVERGING
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GUIDE QUESTIONS:ACTIVITY 2.C
1. What happened to the strips of clay as they were pushed from opposite ends?
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GUIDE QUESTIONS:ACTIVITY 2.C
2. If the strips of clay represent the Earth’s Lithosphere, what do you think is formed in the lithosphere?
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GUIDE QUESTIONS:ACTIVITY 2.C
3. What other geologic event could take place with this type of plate movement aside from your answer in Q2?
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GUIDE QUESTIONS:ACTIVITY 2.C
4.In terms of consequences on the Earths Lithosphere, how will you differentiate this type of convergent plate boundary with the other two?
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Andes Mountains, Andes Mountains, South AmericaSouth America
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FORMATION OF HIMALAYAS
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FORMATION OF FOLD MOUNTAINS
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Divergent BoundariesDivergent Boundaries
• Boundary between two plates that are moving apart or rifting
• RIFTING causes SEAFLOOR
SPREADING
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Features of Divergent Features of Divergent BoundariesBoundaries
• Mid-ocean ridges
• rift valleys
• fissure volcanoes
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GUIDE QUESTIONS:ACTIVITY 3
1. What are common on the pictures?
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GUIDE QUESTIONS:ACTIVITY 3
2. What do you think is happening to the Earth’s crust in those pictures?
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GUIDE QUESTIONS:ACTIVITY 3
3. If the event continues for million of years, what do you think will be the effect on the crust?
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GUIDE QUESTIONS:ACTIVITY 3
4. Complete the part of the video below to illustrate your answer in Q3.
VIDEO
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Transform Fault BoundariesTransform Fault Boundaries
• Boundary between two plates that are sliding past each other
• EARTHQUAKES along faults
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San Andreas Fault, CASan Andreas Fault, CA
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Questions...Questions...
• What are the three types of boundaries?
• What direction do plates go for each?
• Which boundary has a subduction zone…what occurs at a subduction zone?
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Causes of Plate Causes of Plate TectonicsTectonics
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Convection CurrentsConvection Currents
• Hot magma in the Earth moves toward the surface, cools, then sinks again.
• Creates convection currents beneath the plates that cause the plates to move.
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EARTH’S INTERIOR & PLATE TECTONICS
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Questions...Questions...
• What causes plates to move?
• How is a convection current formed?