GPS Interface _ Interfacing GPS With AVR Microcontroller (Atmega16)

7/14/2014 GPS Interface | Interfacing GPS with AVR Microcontroller (Atmega16)

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How to interface GPS with AVR microcontroller

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Developed By: Akshay Daga

GPS modem is a device which receives signals from satellite and provides information about latitude,

longitude, altitude, time etc. The GPS navigator is more famous in mobiles to track the road maps. The

GPS modem has an antenna which receives the satellite signals and transfers them to the modem. The

modem in turn converts the data into useful information and sends the output in serial RS232 logic level

format. The information about latitude, longitude etc is sent continuously and accompanied by an identifier

string.

This article shows how to interface the GPS modem with ATmega16 and extract the location (latitude and

longitude) from the GPGGA string and display it on LCD.

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Description

The connection of GPS modem with AVR microcontroller (ATmega 16) is shown in the circuit diagram. The

ground pin of max 232 and serial o/p of GPS modem is made common. Pin2 of MAX232 is connected to

pin 3 of GPS modem and pin 3 of max 232 is connected to pin 2 of modem. This type of connection is

called a serial cross cable.

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Pin 2 of MAX232 Pin 3 of GPS Modem

Pin 3 of MAX232 Pin 2 of GPS Modem

Pin 5 Ground Pin of MAX232 Pin 5 Ground of GPS Modem

The commonly available GPS modem gives output in serial (RS232) form. The output consists of a series of

string.

String format:

The following is an example of the output string from the GPS module with its explanation. This output

strings contains information about latitude, longitude, time etc and will always start with $GPGGA. Refer

NMEA Standards for more details on string formats.

An example string has been given and explained below:

$GPGGA,100156.000,2650.9416,N,07547.8441,E,1,08,1.0,442.8,M,-42.5,M,,0000*71

1. A string always start from $ sign

2. GPGGA :Global Positioning System Fix Data

3. , Comma indicates the separation between two values

4. 100156.000 : GMT time as 10(hr):01(min):56(sec):000(ms)

5. 2650.9416,N: Latitude 26(degree) 50(minutes) 9416(sec) NORTH

6. 07547.8441,E: Longitude 075(degree) 47(minutes) 8441(sec) EAST

7. 1 : Fix Quantity 0= invalid data, 1= valid data, 2=DGPS fix

8. 08 : Number of satellites currently viewed.

9. 1.0: HDOP

10. 442.8,M : Altitude (Height above sea level in meter)

11. -42.5,M : Geoids height

12. __ , DGPS data

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13. 0000 : DGPS data

14. *71 : checksum

The following algorithm is used to extract the latitude and longitude information from the GPS module using

$GPGGA string and display it on a LCD:

1. Get data in UDR and check weather that data is equal to $. If the data matches go to step(2) else get a

new data.

2. Get data byte by byte and check if the received byte is equal to GPGGA

3. If the step (2) matches completely then go to step (4) else go back to step(1)

4. Leave first comma and wait till second comma (since we not looking for time).

5. Start taking data in an array lati_value[ ] till the next comma.

6. Get latitude direction in lati_dir

7. Do the same for longitude

8. Display the values on LCD and go back to step (1).

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Components

MAX232

The MAX232 IC is used to convert the TTL/CMOS logic levels to

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GPS Interface _ Interfacing GPS With AVR Microcontroller (Atmega16)

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