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Governance Indicators in Pakistan
ByDr. Aisha Ghaus-Pasha
Institute of Public Policy, BNU
Presented inGovernance Education Network International Conference
Governance, Sustainable Growth, Peace and Equity
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Format of Presentation
• Properties of Governance Indicators
• International Sources
• Does Governance Matters?
• Pakistan’s Ranking Overtime
• Pakistan Specific Indicators
• An Information System on Governance
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• What is a Governance Indicator?– A measure that points something about the state of Governance in a
jurisdiction– Measures a specific area of Governance
• Types of Governance Indicators– Objective Measures: Constructed from indisputable facts ( for example,
existence of a particular Institution)– Subjective Measures: Based on the views of Respondents (for example,
Opinion Polls)
• Composite and Aggregate Indicators– Combine different things into a single measure (Example is the World Bank
Governance Matters, which draws together 31 data sources into six composite indicators)
Advantage: Increased Reliability Disadvantage: Aggregation problem, lack of clarity
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Checklist for Indicator Attributes
• Validity
• Reliability
• Any Measurement Bias
• Transparency
• Representativeness
• Aggregation Problems
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Dimensions of Governance Indicators
• Economic Governance• Political Governance• Administrative Governance
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Key Areas of Governance
• Transparency• Participation• Accountability• Leadership• General Organization and Management• Intergovernmental Relation• Rule of Law• Pro-Poor Policies• Effective Provision of Services
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Dimensions of Governance Indicators (59 sources)
• Economic Governance 22
• Political Governance 28
• Administrative Governance 20
Areas of Governance
• Voice and Accountability 15
• Political Stability 10
• Governance Effectiveness 13
• Regulatory Quality 12
• Rule of Law 18
• Control of Corruption 16
International Sources of Governance Indicators
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Some Desirable Sources of Governance By NGOs or Academia
Social Watch: Measure of Social Development
Social Weather Indicators: Indicator of Social and Economic
Conditions at Sub-National level
Local Government Performance Indicators
Citizens Report Card: Measures Level of Satisfaction with
Delivery of Services.
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Does Governance Matters?
• Impact of Governance Indicators on macro-economy and Social Development.
• Sample of 27 developing countries
• Governance Indicators
- Voice and Accountability
- Political Stability
- Government Effectiveness
- Regulatory Quality
- Rule of Law
- Control of Corruption
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Conclusion
• Good Governance does matter but only after we allow for the
structure of the economy.
• All areas of Governance are significant. Exception is Voice and
Accountability.
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Pakistan’s Ranking IndicatorsNo. of Countries Rank
(Latest Year)Trend
World Bank Institute
Voice and Accountability 212 172
Political Stability and Absence of violence 212 209
Government Effectiveness 212 158
Regulatory Quality 212 140
Rule of Law 212 172
Control of Corruption 212 161
Freedom House
Political Rights Score 193 142
Civil Liberties Score 193 162
Rule of Law 30 29
Anti Corruption and Transparency 30 30
Accountability and Public Voice 30 30
Transparency International
Corruption Perception Index 180 139
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Specific IndicatorsEconomic Management• Size of the Government • Unemployment• State Own Enterprises • Investment
Budget Analysis• Current Government Finances
• Overall Budget Deficit/Surplus • Taxes• Budget Priorities
Social Sector Expenditures
• Government Expenditures
• Expenditures on social security
• Education
• Priorities in Education Budget
• Pupil - Teacher Ratio• Health• Population with access to • Household Income
Transparency and Information• Media and Communication• International Telecommunication• State Control of Media• Freedom of Expression and Mobility• Census
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The Parliament• Number of bills passed by Parliament in last 5 years• Number of ordinance passed in last 5 years• Number of seats in the parliament• Elections• Date of last Election• Voter Turnout• Parties represented
Judiciary, Law and Human Rights• Judiciary• Number of Cases• Average Salaries of Judges• People Arrested• Capital Punishment
Specific Indicators
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Setting up on Information System on Governance
Indicators • Updating and Monitoring of International Ranking of Pakistan in Different Areas of
Governance
• Updating Indicators of Governance from National Secondary Sources
• Construction of Governance Indicators from Primary Sources
- Social watch (Annual)
- Citizens Report Card (Annual)
- Local Government Performance Indicators (Biannual)
• Each module will have a different Institutional Focal Point
The objective is for this Network to put together a Report annually on the State of
Governance in Pakistan.
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Major National Sources of Secondary Data on Governance
Economic Governance: Ministry of Finance at Federal and
Provincial level, Federal and Provincial Bureaus of Statistics, State
Bank of Pakistan, Regulatory Agencies, Auditor General,
Accountability Bureau etc.
Political Governance: National and Provincial Assemblies, Senate,
Election Commission, Judiciary, Human Rights Commission etc
Administrative Governance: National and Sub National Line
Departments, Public institutes, State Enterprises. etc