Good Practices of Rice Paddy Farming Enhancing ...

2012/6/21

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Good Practices of Rice Paddy Farming Enhancing Biodiversity

in Japan 水田の生物多様性向上をめざす日本国内の優良事例

Japanese Association for Wild Geese Protection 日本雁を保護する会長

Kabukuri Wetlands Club NPO法人蕪栗ぬまっこくらぶ・理事長

Tambo Rice Paddy Network NPO法人田んぼ・理事

Ramsar Network Japan NPO法人ラムサール・ネットワーク日本・共同代表

Masayuki KURECHI 呉地正行

Contents

Critical decrease of wetland habitat over the past 100 years in Japan.

Wild geese, an umbrella species, forced to concentrate in limited areas.

Restoring or recovering wetlands using rice paddies, typical Asian agro-wetland.

Agro-Environmental Rice Farming around Kabukuri-numa based on Winter Flooded Rice Paddies profits both waterfowls and farmers.

Rice paddy resolution of Ramsar( X.31), 2008 and decision of CBD( X/34),2010.

Strategy towards 2020 under UN Decade of Biodiversity

Report on Good Practices of Rice Paddy Farming Enhancing Biodiversity for Ramsar COP11

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Change of Wetland Habitat around Kabukuri-numa Marsh

( 1914-2002). （modified from Geographical Survey Institute data ）

Note; River or Lake Reed bed etc

More than 60% of wetlands lost over 100 years

New drainage system for easy drying rice paddy

WET PADDY

4,924ha

22.5%

DRIED

PADDY

16,959ha

77.5%

Natural Wetlands

→Wet Rice Paddies (Old )

→Dried Rice Paddies (New)

Reconstruction of Rice Paddies

in Miyagi pref. in 2000 ( Chiba, unpublished)

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ニホンアカガエル Rana japonica 準絶滅危惧

メダカ Oryzias latipes 絶滅危惧Ⅱ種

チュウサギ Egretta intermedia 希少種

Disappearing Wildlives Depending on Wet Rice Paddies

湖沼復元１００年計画

WETLAND RESTORATION ACTION PLAN through RICE PADDY MANAGEMENT for the NEXT 100 YEARS in JAPAN

Try to recover or restore the environment of former wetland area.

Abandoned rice paddies should be restored as wetland.

Fallow rice paddies should be managed as wetlands through year-round flooding.

Water-tight rice paddies should be managed to retain water in winter.

Establish a system to support these actions in former wetland areas.

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Kabukuri-numa Marsh • Locates in Tajiri, Ohsaki City, Miyagi Prefecture.

• Ramsar Site; Wetland of 150 ha and surrounding rice paddies of 273 ha as buffer zone.

• Rich fauna and flora.

– 219species of wild birds （6 Natural Monument spp. & 42 RDB spp.)

– 33 species of fish

– 10 species of shellfish

– 19 RDB spp. of plant

• Important roosting sites for wild geese.

• Leading project for promoting co-existence of rice farming and waterfowl through recovering or restoring wetland habitat.

Wildlife in Kabukuri-numa

Mizu-Aoi Monochoria Korsakowii

Netted Bitterling

Pseudoperilampus typus

Peregrine Falcon Falco peregrinus

Middendolf’s Bean geese Anser fabalis middendorffii

White-fronted geese Anser albifrons

Morning Flight of

White-fronted geese

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Geese Concentration to Few Sites is Serious Problem to be Solved. 一極集中化によるガン類保全上の課題

水鳥越冬群の一極集中化

感染症被害

農業被害食物資源

の不足

個体群絶滅

リスクの増大

越冬地分散化が必要

日本に渡来するマガンの8割以上が宮

城県の伊豆沼、蕪栗沼で越冬。個体数は増加したが、生息地が増えない

Need to Spread Wintering Sites Concentration to Few Sites

Infectious Disease Risk of Extinction

Short of Food Damage on Agriculture

Increasing Population, Limited Habitat.

Kabukuri-numa Round Table Meeting

Guideline for

Environment

Management of

Kabukuri-numa WRB

NGOs requested establishment of a group to discuss enviromental management of Kabukuri-numa.

Miyagi Local Government organized the Round Table in 1997.

All stakeholders took part and produced an Environment Management Plan in 2000 that included many NGO proposals.

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Case 1: Rice Paddy Restored to Natural Wetland Agreement to Restore Shiratori Rice Paddies as Natural Wetland Reached in

1997. Brought into Action in Spring 1998. Total Area of Kabukurin-numa increased to 150ha, 1 and half as large as

former one.

Shiratori

Rice

Paddy

(50ha)

Original

Kabukuri-

numa

(100ha) Restored

Wetland

(50ha)

Kabukuri-numa

(150ha) since

1998

Monitoring Shiratori Restored Wetland (1)

First flock of Wf Geese roosted on 12 Oct. 1998

More geese bagan to roost regularly soon later.

Hit an idea to recover geese roosting sites by keeping water in rice paddies only in winter (Winter-flooded Rice Paddy).

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Roosting site ( Natural wetland)

Dried

Rice Paddy

Winter Flooded

Rice Paddy Dried

Rice Paddy

Dried

Rice Paddy

Dried

Rice Paddy Dried

Rice Paddy

Dispersing Roosting Sites by

WFRP

Dried

Rice Paddy

Dried

Rice Paddy

Extending Feeding

Sites

Dried

Rice Paddy

Dried

Rice Paddy

Winter Flooded

Rice Paddy

Dispersing Goose Roosting Sites by Creating Winter Flooded Rice Paddies to Extend Habitat

Bewick’s Swans in Winter-flooded Rice Paddy

Farmers Join to Winter Flooded Rice Paddy around Kabukuri-numa since 1998/99 winter

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Winter Flooded

No-till Organic

Rice Paddy

Monitoring

weed control effect

（Yoshida，Taira）

Estimating change

of soil fertility & effect

to air and water environment

（Ito）

Monitoring

pest insect control by

Biodiversity

（Oyama）

Monitoring

increase of benthos,

tubifex etc

（Oyama） Clarifying formation of

Torotoro layer & turbid water

in rice paddy （Ito）

Estimating rice

productivity and

step for it

（Watanabe）

Estimating from

agri-econimical

aspect

（Haraikawa）

Steps from

technical aspects

（Minata）

Solving multi-function and

setting up a model of co-

existing rice farming

（All）

Developing Agri-enviromental

education tool & Program

（Mikami，Iwabuchi, Arao）

Joint Studies on Winter Flooded Rice Paddy 「ふゆみずたんぼ」の総合的調査と活用

冬期湛水水田の水鳥保全機能の検証に関する研究；環境省環境技術開発等推進費実用化研究開発、地域における研究開発「自然共生技術開発分野」2005,2006年

Monitoring

function for

Waterbirds conservation （Kurechi & Kagawa）

0

50

100

150

200

250

300

350

400

450

500

11/1

911

/2411

/29

12/4

12/9

12/1

412

/1912

/2412

/29

1/3

1/8

1/13

1/18

1/23

1/28 2/

22/

72/

122/

172/

222/

27

　Num

ber

Wf Goose A. albifrons

Whooper Swan C. cygnus

Bewick's Swan　C. columbianus

0

50

100

150

200

250

12/3

01/

41/

91/

141/

191/

241/

29 2/3

2/8

2/13

2/18

Num

ber

Wf Goose A. albifrons　

Swans Cygnus spp.

Swans and Geese visiting Winter Flooded Rice Fields in Tajiri (A) 1998/99 winter (B)1999/2000 winter ( modified from Iwabuchi et al(2001)）

(A) 98/99

(B) 99/00

Monitoring at Winter Flooded Rice Paddy in winter

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Monitoring at Winter Flooded Rice Paddy in Summer

Monitoring RP Area Heron Distribution (Aug.12,2006)

Pasture Land

Winter-flooded RP

Fallow R P

Conventional RP

Others

Kabuuri-numa

0

5

10

15

20

25

BIr

ds/

ha

Grey Heron Ardea cinerea 0.73 0.45 0.59 0.35 0.20 0.28

Cattle Egret Bubulcus ibis 6.50 1.98 4.24 0.78 0.77 0.77

Great Egret Egretta alba 5.85 8.16 7.01 2.19 1.62 1.91

Intermediate Egret E. intermedia 7.70 5.94 6.82 1.91 1.97 1.94

Little Egret E. garzetta 0.58 0.20 0.39 0.39 0.14 0.27

Total 21.35 16.73 19.04 5.63 4.70 5.16

2005 2006 Average 2005 2006 Average

Winter Flooded RP Non Winter Flooded RP

F

Winter-flooded Rice Farming and Heron Density in Summer ( Average

in 2005 & 2006 summers n=1,980)

Around 4 Times Higher in WFRP

0

5

10

15

20

25

Tra

pp

ed

/20a

WFRP Conv. RF

WFRP 1

WFRP 2

Conv. 1

Conv. 2

D

en

sit

y/m 2

6

0

2

4

X10 4

24000/m 2

23100/m 2

3800/m 2

4700/m 2

6/2 8/11 7/28 7/14 6/29 6/16 8/25

Monitoring at Winter Flooded Rice Paddy in Summer (2)

Tubificid Worm Branchiura sowerbyi

A B

FiveTimes Higher Density of Loach (A) and Tubificid Worm (B)

in Winter-flooded Rice Paddy in Summer

(modified from Hirai et al,2006 )

Loach Misgurnus anguillicaudatus

Heron Loach Tubificid WFRP

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イトミミズ Tubificid Worm

ユスリカ

徘徊性のクモ Spider with no web

造網性のクモ Spider with web

カエル Flog

Winter Flooded Rice Paddy

Conventional

2000[万匹/10a]

100[万匹/10a]

20[匹/200株]

100[匹/100m]

100[匹/200株]

ふゆみずたんぼ・不耕起栽培と慣行農法の水田の生物相の比較（2004．8．11伊豆沼二工区調査による）

Winter Flooded Rice Paddy with High Biodiversity ふゆみずたんぼにするといろいろな生き物がよみがえる

Relation of Levee and Heron Densityin Rice Paddy

around Kabukuri-numa (2006年)

0.00

0.50

1.00

1.50

2.00

2.50

3.00

3.50

0.00 0.10 0.20 0.30 0.40 0.50 0.60 0.70

Levee Density [ km/ha ]

Hero

n D

ensi

ty［B

irds

/ha］

WFRF inShinpo Area

ALL inShinpo Area

Non WFRF inShinpo Area

A B C D

The Larger Unit of Rice Paddy, the Lower Density of Herons. 大区画の田んぼほど低い、サギの密度

●The larger unit of Rice paddy, the lower biodiversity.大規模圃場ほど低くなる生物多様性。

●Smaller unit of rice paddy (10-30a) is more suitable than larger one(1 ha) for wildlife frendly farming. 生物多様性を活かした農法や管理を行うためには、大きな圃場(1ha）より、小さな圃場(10-30a）が適している。

●New point of view for re-construction of rice paddy; Create more levee or levee like structures to raise biodiversity. 圃場整備への新たな視点；生物多様性を高めるための畦のデザイン・創出。

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Winter Flooded Rice Paddy Benefits both Wildlife & Agriculture 〔Wildlife in rice paddy〕＝Habitat Recovery Rich biodiversity・・・ from microorganisms to waterbirds Spread flyways of Geese throughout Japan by the

network of WFRP.

〔Agriculture〕＝New method of Farming =WFRP Method= IBM (Integrated Biodiveresity Management)

Weeds Control Effect (No or less herbicide ) Pests Control Effect (No or less pesticide) Waterfowl Droppings as Fertilizer ( Less fertilizer) Decompose rice straw Model of IBM

〔 Co-existent way for Agriculture and Nature ; Agri-Biodiversity〕

Sustainable Less Impact against Environment

Awareness-Raising of farmers and public

Meetings and Symposiums Rice Paddy Wildlife Monitoring

involving local farmers and public

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Tools Published and Used for Winter Flooded Rice Paddy – Pamphlet (MoE & JAWGP) – Calendar & Almanac (MoE, JAWGP,Tambo)

– Picture Book (Tajiri T. & JAWGP) – CD for Songs and Materials (WFRF Song

Committee & JAWGP)

Awareness-Raising of farmers and public

New relationship between agriculture and waterbirds

- from conflict to co-existence-

conflict

co-existence Geese are symbol of rice paddies of rich biodiversity.

Rice harvested from these paddies means

– to be safe and good for health.

– to gain additional economical value.

– to maintain or recover goose habitat through goose frendly

farming.

Winter-flooded Rice Farming works as a core system since 1998.

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Public Change ･ Try to make the most of rice

paddy as agro-wetland

･ First Ramsar site involving large rice paddy

･ Help to make additional value for agricultural product by “ Ramsar Brand” ）

Ramsar Convention as a Tool for Sustainable Profit through Rice Farming at New Ramsar Site,

Kabukuri-numa and Surrounding Rice Paddy

The Ramsar Convention on Wetlands The 9th Meeting of the Conference of the Contracting Parties

蕪栗沼・周辺水田が新たなラムサール条約湿地となる

New Ramsar site, Kabukurinuma and

the surrounding rice paddies, Nov.2005

第９回ラムサール条約締約国会議（2005年11月）アフリカ・ウガンダ）

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First Ramsar Site Involving Large Area of Rice Paddy, typical Asian Wetland, under Agreement of Most Stakeholders.

New Idea on Ramsar as a Useful Tool for Agri-Environmental Rice Farming.

Kabukuri-numa and Surrounding Rice Paddies New Ramsar Site in November 2005

Kabukuri-numa

Surrounding rice paddies

Kabukurinuma and Surrounding

Rice Paddies

Winter-flooded Rice Farming in Ramsar Site Produces Higher Value-added Rice

Fuyumizutambo-Mai

“Winter Water Paddy Rice”

Twelve farm families produce higher value-added Winter-flooded Paddy Rice brand in rice paddies in Ramsar Site since 2004.

Environmental profit for wildlife and economical profit for wildlife friendly farmers.

Tajiri Town is positive to adopt Agri-environmental policy activity and supported the challenge by its own policy of direct benefits from improved environment.

First step for Abundant Waterbirds and Profitable Agriculture

Idea for Rice paddy Resolution X.31, Ramsar COP10

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Rice Paddy Resolution X.31

adopted in Ramsar Cop10

2008

Proposed by goverments of Japan and Korea

Supported by NGOs of both countries.

Rice Paddy Resolution X.31

1） Rice paddy of agro-wetland can work

sustainablly with rich biodiversity if

managed properly.

2） Releasing Biodiversity of rice paddy,

Asian typical wetland, to the world.

3） Bridge to CBD COP10, 2010 in Nagoya.

4) Focusing on artificial wetland which has

strong relation with human activity and is

required its wise use.

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CBD SBSTTA 13 （May10-21,2010, Nairobi)

The draft was discussed and accepted as a part of

recommendation of AGRICULTURAL BIODIVERSITY:

FOLLOW-UP TO REQUESTS OF THE CONFERENCE

OF THE PARTIES IN DECISION IX/1 for COP10

Progress of Rice paddy decision for CBD COP10

First draft by Ramsar Network Japan, Japanese NGO.

Preparatry Round Table Meetings for Rice Paddy Decision

by Government of Japan (MOE, MAFF, MLIT) and NGO

(RamNetJ)

Draft by Government of Japan

adopted in CBD COP10, Oct. 2010

SBSTTA Daily activity (May 17)

•Working Group I: Agricultural Biodiversity, biofuels, dry and sub-humid lands, and invasive alien species

Japanese Government Proposed, Japanese NGOs Supported

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Activity related with Rice paddy Resolution

ｰJapan and Korea Joint Civil Research

for wildlives in rice paddy ｰ

no. of

spp.

Insecta 1,726

Archnidae & 141

Amphibians & Reptiles 61

Fishes 143

Molluscs 73

Crustaceans & Rotifers 317

Nematoda & Annelida 91

Birds 189

Mammals 50

Protista & Cyanobacteria 597

Plants 2,075

Virus & Bacteria & Fungi 205

TOTAL 5,668

Fauna and Flora in Rice Paddies

in Japan (Keizi KIRITANI ed.,2010)

Newly published

“Inventory of Wild

Lives in Rice Paddies

in Japan” based on

joint research

organaised by NGOs

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害虫

Insects collected from stomach of

Japanese tree frog Hyla japonica

古川農業試験場２０００年調査による

Pest

Insect

Neutral

Insect

NO NEED Pesticide

Rice Paddy

with huge number of Spiders Esashi, Iwate Pref. ( managed by S.Ito, 2003.7.31）

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Huge Numbers of Neutral species

support biodiversity of rice paddy圧倒的なただの虫が田ん

ぼの多様性を支えている

Total of Insect species in rice paddy １７４８

spp.

Neutral ( Non-target )

species

1416 spp.

Pest species

177 spp.

Predator

(Natural Enemy)

155 spp.

Technology to

develop effective

rice paddy

structure for

IBM

Future for Farming Using a Mechanism

of Biodiversity in Rice Paddy

Developing farming

method based on

Biodiversity Linkage

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Biodiversity and

Multiple Productivity in Rice Paddy

RICE RICE

Insect

Mollusc Fish

Water

Plant

Conventional

Rice Paddy

Rich Biodiversity

Rice Paddy

Rich Biodiversity makes High Multiple Productivity

WIldlives in Rice

Paddy as Resources

・Agricultural Resources for

Sustainable Agriculture

・Local Food Resources to

be used sustainablly

・Bio Resources creating

rich landscape

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UN Decade of Biodiversity(2011-2020)

Decade Strategy for Enhansing

Biodiversity of Rice Paddy


Biodiversity of 〔〕

Aichi Target, CBD COP10；目標1,３，４，７，８，９，１１，１４，１７，１８ Country level Local level

Community

level

Rice Paddy Res.

（Ramsar＋CBD)

様々な分野の

人々へ，「国連生物多様性の10年」計画への参加呼びかけ

様々な分野の

生物多様性向上に関わる長期活動を支援する受け皿







Published by Ministry of the Environment of Japan Edited by Ramsar Network Japan Supported by ・Ministry of Agriculture, Forestry and Fisheries of Japan.

・Gyeongsangnamdo Ramsar Environmental Foundation

・Lake Biwa Region Rice Paddy Organisms Study Group ・Releasing on 6th June 2012 during Rmasar COP11

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Side Event on Rice Paddies at Ramsar COP11

Enhancement of Biodiversity in Rice Paddies

as Wetland Ecosystem

• DATE: 7th July, 2012 / evening session (18.15-19.45).

• LEAD ORGANISATION:

Rice Paddy Working Group, Ramsar Network Japan Korean Network on Rice Paddy Wetlands

• SUPPORTING ORGANISATION: Ministry of the Environment of Japan,

• Ministry of Agriculture, Forestry and Fishery of Japan,

• JICA, FAO, Korea Ministry of Environment (TBD),

• THEMA:

• Enhancement of Biodiversity in Rice Paddies as Wetland Ecosystem

• TARGETS:

• Introduce cases of enhancing biodiversity in rice paddies, and disseminate such activities widely

• Contribute to the work of technical report on the role of rice paddies for conservation of biodiversity;

• Announce the release of a compilation of good practices and distribute CDs and executive summary.

Thank you for your attention

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