Goal 4

The Great West and the Rise of the Debtor

Joseph Smith

• Founded the Church of Jesus Christ of Latter Day Saints

• Mormons• Forced to move west

to escape religious persecution

• Killed by an Anti-Mormon mob

Brigham Young

• Moved the Mormons to Salt Lake City, Utah after the death of Joseph Smith

Mormons• Religious group

• Church of Jesus Christ of Latter Day Saints

• “LDS”

• Polygamy = having more than 1 wife– Illegal today / caused controversy

Homestead Act

• 1862

• Law to encourage small farmers to settle the West

• Given 160 acres of land = farm it for 5 years = free

Women in the West

Roles of Women

• Worked side by side with the men

• More equality in the West

• Given the right to vote in the West years before it was legal back East

Roles of African Americans

• Exodusters = former slaves that moved to Kansas

• Cowboys

• More opportunities (land ownership—Homestead Act)

• Less discrimination / more equality

Exodusters

Roles of Chinese

• Worked to build the Transcontinental Railroad

• Many came to US with the Gold Rush

• VERY DISCRIMINATED AGAINST

http://www.pkwy.k12.mo.us/INTRA/PROFESSIONAL/STUDENT_WORK/west_web3/courtneyspage.htm

Soddies

http://www.pkwy.k12.mo.us/INTRA/PROFESSIONAL/STUDENT_WORK/west_web3/courtneyspage.htm

Roles of the Irish• Factory workers

• Railroad workers

• Discrimination & Stereotypes

• NINA = “No Irish Need Apply”

The KennedysRobert Ted JFK

Dawes Act

• Made ASSIMILATION the official policy in dealing with Native Americans

– Educate them in white/ Christian schools

– Dress them in “American” style clothes\

– Make them land-owning farmers

Assimilation:Trying to “Americanize” Native Americans-education-religion-farming

Chief Joseph--Nez Perce

“I Will Fight No More Forever”• Chief Joseph• Nez Perce Chief—

wanted peace with the whites

• Nez Perce were a peaceful tribe of the Pacific Northwest

• After the Nez Perce War of 1877 they surrendered and were forced to live on a reservation

-Chief Joseph--Nez Perce Chief—wanted peace with the whites•Nez Perce were a peaceful tribe of the Pacific Northwest•After the Nez Perce War of 1877 they surrendered and were forced to live on a reservation

Sitting Bull• Warrior / Spiritual Leader

& Medicine Man

• Americans wanted the Black Hills of South Dakota b/c of gold

• George Armstrong Custer & The 7th Calvary were sent to take the land

• They were massacred at the Battle of Little Big Horn by the Sioux 1876

Sitting Bull

•Warrior / Spiritual Leader & Medicine Man of the Sioux•Americans wanted the Black Hills of South Dakota b/c of gold•George Armstrong Custer & The 7th Calvary were sent to take the land•They were massacred at the Battle of Little Big Horn by the Sioux 1876

Sitting Bull • Sioux surrendered• Forced to live on a reservation• He was feared b/c he supported the Ghost Dance

movement.• He joined Buffalo Bill Cody’s Wild West Show• Killed on the reservation by Sioux Police

Battle of Little Big Horn = Custer’s Last Stand

Custer & his troops were killed by Crazy Horse & his warriors

George Armstrong Custer

Sand Creek Massacre

• 1864

• Col. Chivington attacked the Cheyenne & Arapaho at the Sand Creek Reservation

• Killed over 150 (mostly women & children)

• Charges were brought against him but he was not punished.

Sand Creek Massacre (1864)•Col. Chivington attacked the Cheyenne & Arapaho at the Sand Creek Reservation•Killed over 150 (mostly women & children) • Charges were brought against him but he was not punished.

Battle of Wounded Knee

• 1890—the 7th Regiment rounded up and killed over 350 starving, freezing Sioux

• This was the official end of the Indian Wars

Helen Hunt JacksonCentury of Dishonor

• 1881 -- Century of Dishonor

• Injustice, ruthlessness & immorality in US dealings with American Indians

• Similar to Harriet Beecher Stowe & Uncle Tom’s Cabin

Helen Hunt Jackson•1881 -- Century of Dishonor•Injustice, ruthlessness & immorality in US dealings with American Indians•Similar to Harriet Beecher Stowe & Uncle Tom’s Cabin

Buffalo Soldiers

• 1860s• Regiments of

African American soldiers that fought the American Indians

Promontory Point, UT

Gold Spike – Promontory Point

Goal 4.04

• Innovations in agricultural technology and business practices and their impact on the West

Technological Improvements

• Steel plow, reaper, windmill

• Make farming easier

• Increase production

• Increase profits for farmers

Changing nature of farming as a business

• Bonanza Farms

– Large scale farms

– Professional managers

– Paid laborers

Increased Dependence on the Railroads

• Farmers had to rely on the RRs to ship their crops back east to market

• RRs seriously overcharged farmers

• Farmers could do nothing about it b/c had to use RRs

Barbed Wire—Joseph Glidden

• Brought an end to the open range of the west

Refrigerator Car

• Made it possible to transport meat and other perishable foods

• Swift Meat Packing Company

Windmill

• Used for irrigation

• J.S. Risdon

Farmers’ Cooperatives

• Farmers working together to improve farming methodology, technique, technology

Steel Plow

•Invented by John Deere

Vertical Integration

• When 1 company controls the entire market by owning all of the resources that go into a product– Example: Car factory

• Owns paint co.• Rubber plantation for tires• Steel mill• Etc.

Horizontal Integration

• When a company owns competing companies– Example Nike owns Adidas, New Balance,

Reebok, etc.

Interlocking Directorates• When 2 boards of directors have 1 board

member in common

• Illegal if the companies are competitors

Political cartoon