Go to Section: Photosynthesis Chapter 8. Go to Section: Saving for a Rainy Day Suppose you earned...

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Photosynthesis

Chapter 8

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Saving for a Rainy Day

Suppose you earned extra money by having a part-time job. At first, you might be tempted to spend all of the money, but then you decide to open a bank account.

1. What are the benefits of having a bank account?

2. What do you have to do if you need some of this money?

3. What might your body do when it has more energy than it needs to carry out its activities?

4. What does your body do when it needs energy?

Section 8-1

Interest Grabber

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I. Energy and Life

A. Autotrophs and Heterotrophs

B. Chemical Energy and ATP (adenosine triphosphate)

1. principal chemical compound used in cells to store and release energy

Section 8-1

Section Outline

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Adenine Ribose 3 Phosphate groups

Section 8-1

ATP

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2. Energy is primarily stored at ATP

3. To release energy the chemical bond between the second and third phosphate groups is broken producing ADP (adenosine diphosphate)

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ADP ATP

Energy

EnergyAdenosine diphosphate (ADP) + Phosphate Adenosine triphosphate (ATP)

Partiallychargedbattery

Fullychargedbattery

Section 8-1

Figure 8-3 Comparison of ADP and ATP to a Battery

Video 1

Click the image to play the video segment.

Video 1

ATP Formation

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C. Using Biochemical Energy1. ATP is used for:

a. active transport of ions

b. synthesis of proteins and nucleic acids

c. respond to chemical signals on the cell surface

2. ATP is not good for storing large amounts of energy long term

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3. One glucose molecule stores 90 times more chemical energy than one molecule of ATP

4. Cells can regenerate ATP from ADP as needed by using glucose

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II. Photosynthesis: An Overview

A. Photosynthesis – the conversion of light energy, water, and carbon dioxide into high-energy carbohydrate (ie – glucose)

Section 8-2

Section Outline

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Light Energy

Chloroplast

CO2 + H2O Sugars + O2

Section 8-2

Photosynthesis: Reactants and Products

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B. Photosynthesis Equation

Carbon dioxide + water sugars + oxygen

6CO2 + 6H2O C6H12O6 + 6O2

light

light

Video 2


Video 2

Photosynthesis

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C. Light and Pigments1. Photosynthesis also requires light and

chlorophyll

2. Pigments

a. light absorbing molecules

b. Gather the sun’s energy

3. Chlorophyll

a. Principal pigment used by plants

b. Chlorophyll a and chlorophyll b

4. Carotenoids

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Absorption of Light byChlorophyll a and Chlorophyll b

V B G Y O R

Chlorophyll b

Chlorophyll a

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III. The Reactions of Photosynthesis

A. Photosynthsis takes place inside chloroplasts

1. thylakoids

a. Saclike photosynthetic membranes

b. Light collecting units of the chloroplasts

Section 8-3

Section Outline

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2. stroma

a. Space outside the thylakoid membranes

b. Light independent reactions or Calvin cycle occurs here

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B. Light-Dependent Reactions

1. require light

2. produce oxygen gas

3. convert ADP and NADP+ into energy carries ATP and NADPH

Video 3


Video 3

Light-Dependent Reactions, Part 1

Video 4


Video 4

Light-Dependent Reactions, Part 2

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C. Light-Independent Reactions/Calvin Cycle

1. uses ATP and NADPH from the light-dependent reactions to produce high-energy sugars

2. the ATP and NADPH formed by the light-dependent reactions contain a large amount of unstable chemical energy

3. the Calvin Cycle turns this energy into a stable form that can be stored for a long time

Video 5


Video 5

Calvin Cycle

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Photosynthesis

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Light-dependentreactions

Section 8-3

Concept Map

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Photosynthesis

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Calvin cycle

Section 8-3

Concept Map

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Photosynthesis

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Calvin cycle

Energy fromsunlight

Section 8-3

Concept Map

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Photosynthesis

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Calvin cycle

Energy fromsunlight

ATP

Section 8-3

Concept Map

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Photosynthesis

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Calvin cycle

Energy fromsunlight

ATP NADPH

Section 8-3

Concept Map

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Photosynthesis

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Calvin cycle

Energy fromsunlight

ATP NADPH O2

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Concept Map

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Photosynthesis

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Calvin cycle

Thylakoidmembranes

Energy fromsunlight

ATP NADPH O2

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Concept Map

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Photosynthesis

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Calvin cycle

Thylakoidmembranes

Energy fromsunlight

ATP NADPH O2 Chloroplasts

Section 8-3

Concept Map

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Photosynthesis

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Calvin cycle

Thylakoidmembranes StromaEnergy from

sunlight


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Concept Map

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Photosynthesis

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Calvin cycle

Thylakoidmembranes Stroma ATPEnergy from

sunlight


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Concept Map

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Photosynthesis

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Calvin cycle

Thylakoidmembranes Stroma NADPHATPEnergy from

sunlight


Section 8-3

Concept Map

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Photosynthesis

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Calvin cycle

Thylakoidmembranes Stroma NADPHATPEnergy from

sunlight

ATP NADPH O2 Chloroplasts High-energysugars

Section 8-3

Concept Map

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Chloroplast

Light

O2

Sugars

CO2

Light-Dependent Reactions

CalvinCycle

NADPH

ATP

ADP + PNADP+Chloroplast

Section 8-3

Figure 8-7 Photosynthesis: An Overview

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HydrogenIon Movement

Photosystem II

InnerThylakoidSpace

ThylakoidMembrane

Stroma

ATP synthase

Electron Transport Chain Photosystem I ATP Formation

Chloroplast

Section 8-3

Figure 8-10 Light-Dependent Reactions

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ChloropIast

CO2 Enters the Cycle

Energy Input

5-CarbonMoleculesRegenerated

Sugars and other compounds

6-Carbon SugarProduced

Section 8-3

Figure 8-11 Calvin Cycle

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