GMO. What is a Genetically Modified Organism? It involves the insertion of DNA from one organism...
-
Upload
ethan-golden -
Category
Documents
-
view
228 -
download
0
Transcript of GMO. What is a Genetically Modified Organism? It involves the insertion of DNA from one organism...
![Page 1: GMO. What is a Genetically Modified Organism? It involves the insertion of DNA from one organism into another OR modification of an organism’s DNA in.](https://reader036.fdocuments.us/reader036/viewer/2022081506/56649d945503460f94a7ba8f/html5/thumbnails/1.jpg)
GMO
![Page 2: GMO. What is a Genetically Modified Organism? It involves the insertion of DNA from one organism into another OR modification of an organism’s DNA in.](https://reader036.fdocuments.us/reader036/viewer/2022081506/56649d945503460f94a7ba8f/html5/thumbnails/2.jpg)
What is a Genetically Modified Organism?
• It involves the insertion of DNA from one organism into another OR modification of an organism’s DNA in order to achieve a desired trait.
Suntory "blue" rose
![Page 3: GMO. What is a Genetically Modified Organism? It involves the insertion of DNA from one organism into another OR modification of an organism’s DNA in.](https://reader036.fdocuments.us/reader036/viewer/2022081506/56649d945503460f94a7ba8f/html5/thumbnails/3.jpg)
How does this differ from Mendel and his peas?
GM vs Selective Breeding
Selective breeding• Slow• Imprecise• Modification of genes that naturally occur in
the organism
GM• Very fast• Precise• Can introduce genes into an organisms that
would not naturally occur!
![Page 4: GMO. What is a Genetically Modified Organism? It involves the insertion of DNA from one organism into another OR modification of an organism’s DNA in.](https://reader036.fdocuments.us/reader036/viewer/2022081506/56649d945503460f94a7ba8f/html5/thumbnails/4.jpg)
Genetic engineering vs agricultural breeding
• Artificial selection has influenced the genetic makeup of livestock and crops for thousands of years.
• Proponents of GM crops say GM foods are safe.
• Critics of GM foods say:– Traditional breeding uses genes from the same
species.
– Selective breeding deals with whole organisms, not just genes.
– In traditional breeding, genes come together on their own.
![Page 5: GMO. What is a Genetically Modified Organism? It involves the insertion of DNA from one organism into another OR modification of an organism’s DNA in.](https://reader036.fdocuments.us/reader036/viewer/2022081506/56649d945503460f94a7ba8f/html5/thumbnails/5.jpg)
Agricultural breeding
Traditional breeding changes organisms through selection, while genetic engineering is more like the process of mutation.
![Page 6: GMO. What is a Genetically Modified Organism? It involves the insertion of DNA from one organism into another OR modification of an organism’s DNA in.](https://reader036.fdocuments.us/reader036/viewer/2022081506/56649d945503460f94a7ba8f/html5/thumbnails/6.jpg)
Genetically modified organisms
![Page 7: GMO. What is a Genetically Modified Organism? It involves the insertion of DNA from one organism into another OR modification of an organism’s DNA in.](https://reader036.fdocuments.us/reader036/viewer/2022081506/56649d945503460f94a7ba8f/html5/thumbnails/7.jpg)
Biotechnology is impacting our lives
• Biotechnology: the material application of biological science to create products derived from organisms
• Transgenic organism: an organism that contains DNA from another species –Transgenes: the genes that have moved between
organisms
![Page 8: GMO. What is a Genetically Modified Organism? It involves the insertion of DNA from one organism into another OR modification of an organism’s DNA in.](https://reader036.fdocuments.us/reader036/viewer/2022081506/56649d945503460f94a7ba8f/html5/thumbnails/8.jpg)
GMO in Medicine
• Insulin (e.g., SemBioSys Genetics Inc- saflower)
• Clotting factors• Atryn (anticoagulant).• Banana vaccines• Cancer fighting eggs
![Page 9: GMO. What is a Genetically Modified Organism? It involves the insertion of DNA from one organism into another OR modification of an organism’s DNA in.](https://reader036.fdocuments.us/reader036/viewer/2022081506/56649d945503460f94a7ba8f/html5/thumbnails/9.jpg)
GMO in Biofuel
Algenol Biofuels Rapeseed (i.e., canola)
![Page 10: GMO. What is a Genetically Modified Organism? It involves the insertion of DNA from one organism into another OR modification of an organism’s DNA in.](https://reader036.fdocuments.us/reader036/viewer/2022081506/56649d945503460f94a7ba8f/html5/thumbnails/10.jpg)
GMO in Bioremediation
Enviropig i.e., “Frankenswine”
• Able to digest and process phosphate
• Poplar trees remove groundwater contaminants
![Page 11: GMO. What is a Genetically Modified Organism? It involves the insertion of DNA from one organism into another OR modification of an organism’s DNA in.](https://reader036.fdocuments.us/reader036/viewer/2022081506/56649d945503460f94a7ba8f/html5/thumbnails/11.jpg)
GMO in Pesticides
• Kills caterpillars but not poisonous to humans
+
http://www.nature.com/cr/journal/v12/n2/full/7290120a.html
![Page 12: GMO. What is a Genetically Modified Organism? It involves the insertion of DNA from one organism into another OR modification of an organism’s DNA in.](https://reader036.fdocuments.us/reader036/viewer/2022081506/56649d945503460f94a7ba8f/html5/thumbnails/12.jpg)
GMO in Manufacturing
• Produces silk in milk to make Biosteel
+
![Page 13: GMO. What is a Genetically Modified Organism? It involves the insertion of DNA from one organism into another OR modification of an organism’s DNA in.](https://reader036.fdocuments.us/reader036/viewer/2022081506/56649d945503460f94a7ba8f/html5/thumbnails/13.jpg)
Bt crops
Some genetically modified foods
![Page 14: GMO. What is a Genetically Modified Organism? It involves the insertion of DNA from one organism into another OR modification of an organism’s DNA in.](https://reader036.fdocuments.us/reader036/viewer/2022081506/56649d945503460f94a7ba8f/html5/thumbnails/14.jpg)
Roundup ready crops
Some genetically modified foods
Soybean
![Page 15: GMO. What is a Genetically Modified Organism? It involves the insertion of DNA from one organism into another OR modification of an organism’s DNA in.](https://reader036.fdocuments.us/reader036/viewer/2022081506/56649d945503460f94a7ba8f/html5/thumbnails/15.jpg)
Ice minus strawberries
Some genetically modified foods
![Page 16: GMO. What is a Genetically Modified Organism? It involves the insertion of DNA from one organism into another OR modification of an organism’s DNA in.](https://reader036.fdocuments.us/reader036/viewer/2022081506/56649d945503460f94a7ba8f/html5/thumbnails/16.jpg)
Golden rice
Some genetically modified foods
![Page 17: GMO. What is a Genetically Modified Organism? It involves the insertion of DNA from one organism into another OR modification of an organism’s DNA in.](https://reader036.fdocuments.us/reader036/viewer/2022081506/56649d945503460f94a7ba8f/html5/thumbnails/17.jpg)
Some genetically modified foods
Starlink corn
![Page 18: GMO. What is a Genetically Modified Organism? It involves the insertion of DNA from one organism into another OR modification of an organism’s DNA in.](https://reader036.fdocuments.us/reader036/viewer/2022081506/56649d945503460f94a7ba8f/html5/thumbnails/18.jpg)
Some genetically modified foods
AquAdvantage salmon
![Page 19: GMO. What is a Genetically Modified Organism? It involves the insertion of DNA from one organism into another OR modification of an organism’s DNA in.](https://reader036.fdocuments.us/reader036/viewer/2022081506/56649d945503460f94a7ba8f/html5/thumbnails/19.jpg)
genetically modified baby
![Page 20: GMO. What is a Genetically Modified Organism? It involves the insertion of DNA from one organism into another OR modification of an organism’s DNA in.](https://reader036.fdocuments.us/reader036/viewer/2022081506/56649d945503460f94a7ba8f/html5/thumbnails/20.jpg)
Common GM Foods
Products• Corn• Canola• Potatoes• Tomatoes• Squash• Soybeans• Flax• Cottonseed oil• Sugarbeets
![Page 21: GMO. What is a Genetically Modified Organism? It involves the insertion of DNA from one organism into another OR modification of an organism’s DNA in.](https://reader036.fdocuments.us/reader036/viewer/2022081506/56649d945503460f94a7ba8f/html5/thumbnails/21.jpg)
Common GM Foods
![Page 22: GMO. What is a Genetically Modified Organism? It involves the insertion of DNA from one organism into another OR modification of an organism’s DNA in.](https://reader036.fdocuments.us/reader036/viewer/2022081506/56649d945503460f94a7ba8f/html5/thumbnails/22.jpg)
Genetically Modified FoodsGenetically Modified Foods
Experts say 60% to 70% of processed foods on U.S. grocery shelves have genetically modified ingredients.
Common GM crops:• Soybeans• Corn • Cotton
![Page 23: GMO. What is a Genetically Modified Organism? It involves the insertion of DNA from one organism into another OR modification of an organism’s DNA in.](https://reader036.fdocuments.us/reader036/viewer/2022081506/56649d945503460f94a7ba8f/html5/thumbnails/23.jpg)
Genetically Modified FoodsGenetically Modified FoodsConsCons
• Introducing allergens and toxins to food• Accidental cross pollination • Antibiotic resistance• Creation of "super" weeds and other
environmental risks
![Page 24: GMO. What is a Genetically Modified Organism? It involves the insertion of DNA from one organism into another OR modification of an organism’s DNA in.](https://reader036.fdocuments.us/reader036/viewer/2022081506/56649d945503460f94a7ba8f/html5/thumbnails/24.jpg)
Genetically Modified FoodsGenetically Modified FoodsProsPros
• Increased pest and disease resistance• Grow food in harsh climate • Increased food supply (more food/acre)• More nutritional value• Make drugs
Ring spot virus
![Page 25: GMO. What is a Genetically Modified Organism? It involves the insertion of DNA from one organism into another OR modification of an organism’s DNA in.](https://reader036.fdocuments.us/reader036/viewer/2022081506/56649d945503460f94a7ba8f/html5/thumbnails/25.jpg)
GMO Controversy in Hawaii
http://hawaiiseed.org/local-issues/taro/
![Page 26: GMO. What is a Genetically Modified Organism? It involves the insertion of DNA from one organism into another OR modification of an organism’s DNA in.](https://reader036.fdocuments.us/reader036/viewer/2022081506/56649d945503460f94a7ba8f/html5/thumbnails/26.jpg)
GMO Controversy in Hawaii
http://hawaiiseed.org/local-issues/taro/
• Undermines the genetic integrity of taro, sacred to the Hawaiian people;
• Threatens the taro market and livelihood of taro farmers. Taro production yields over 6 million pounds annually valued at $3.3 million.
• Threatens the biodiversity of the taro plant;• Could cause new, unexpected problems in taro
cultivation;• Could contaminate traditional varieties of taro and take
away taro farmers’ ability to choose what they grow in their lo’i; and
• Overlooks the wealth of traditional knowledge about growing taro that has been passed down through generations.
![Page 27: GMO. What is a Genetically Modified Organism? It involves the insertion of DNA from one organism into another OR modification of an organism’s DNA in.](https://reader036.fdocuments.us/reader036/viewer/2022081506/56649d945503460f94a7ba8f/html5/thumbnails/27.jpg)
Inquiry
1. Provide three potential benefits and drawbacks of GMOs.
2. What benefit does golden rice provide?
3. What is a transgene?4. Which organism is most often
used in GM?
![Page 28: GMO. What is a Genetically Modified Organism? It involves the insertion of DNA from one organism into another OR modification of an organism’s DNA in.](https://reader036.fdocuments.us/reader036/viewer/2022081506/56649d945503460f94a7ba8f/html5/thumbnails/28.jpg)
5. Dog breeds are an example of A) Artificial selectionB) Natural selectionC) Genetic modification
Inquiry