Glossary for SAP

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Glossary for SAP Practice

EAS - Enterprise Application SolutionsSAP - Name of the company, SAP AG. (Systems Applications Products in Data Processing)R/3 - Product offering from SAP, stands for Real-time / 3 - Tier architectureRICE - The types of ABAP developments popularly called as RICE Objects:

R - ReportsI - InterfacesC - ConversionsE - Enhancements

Onsite/Onshore - Being at Customers site (from Customers perspective)Offshore - India Development Center

ABAP - Advanced Business Application Programming. Programming language developed by SAPfor application development purposes. All R/3 applications are written in ABAP

ABAP Dictionary - Central and redundancy-free storage facility for all data in the R/3 System. TheABAP Dictionary describes the logical structure of application development objects and theirrepresentation in the structures of the underlying relational database. All runtime environmentcomponents such as application programs or the database interface get information about theseobjects directly from the ABAP Dictionary. The ABAP Dictionary is an active data dictionary and isfully integrated in the ABAP Workbench.

ABAP Editor- Program editor in the ABAP Workbench. You use the ABAP Editor to develop andmaintain ABAP programs, function modules, screen flow logic, and logical databases. Besidesnormal text operations such as insert, search, and replace, the ABAP Editor offers several specialfunctions to support program development.

ABAP Event - An event within ABAP, which contains an internal event with a standard event code

and event parameters.

ABAP Keyword - First word in an ABAP statement. The keyword determines the meaning of theentire statement. There are four different ABAP keyword types: Declarative keywords, Eventkeywords, Control keywords, Operational keywords.

ABAP List Viewer- Tool used for uniform display and creation of lists in the R/3 System.

ABAP Memory - Area of memory assigned to a particular transaction and any modules called fromthere. ABAP memory does not depend on the ABAP program that generates it during a transaction.This means that any object stored there can be read by any ABAP program during the sametransaction. In contrast to ABAP memory, which exists only for the life of one transaction, there isalso global SAP memory, which extends beyond transaction limits.

ABAP Native SQL - Database language that allows you to include database-specific SQLstatements in an ABAP program. To enable the execution of ABAP Native SQL statements in

ABAP programs, you use the statement EXEC. Most ABAP programs containing database-specificSQL statements do not run with different databases. If programs are meant to run against variousdatabases, you should use ABAP Open SQL.

ABAP Open SQL - Subset of standard SQL statements. To avoid conflicts between databasetables and to keep ABAP programs independent from the database system used, SAP has


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generated its own set of SQL statements known as Open SQL. Using Open SQL allows you toaccess all database tables available in the R/3 System, regardless of the manufacturer.

ABAP Objects - Object-oriented enhancement of the ABAP programming language. ABAP Objectsallows you to apply the principles of object-oriented programming in ABAP by using concepts likeencapsulation, inheritance, classes and interfaces.

ALE - Application Link Enabling. Means of creating and operating distributed applications. Thepurpose of Application Line Enabling is to guarantee a distributed, but integrated, R/3 installation.This involves business-controlled message exchange using consistent data across loosely linkedSAP applications. Applications are integrated using synchronous and asynchronous communicationand not using a central database.

ASAP - Accelerated SAP. (Implementation methodology for SAP)

APO - Advanced Planner & Optimizer

BAPI - Business Application Programming Interface. Standard R/3 interface that enables you tointegrate third-party software into the R/3 System. Business Application Programming Interfaces

(BAPIs) are defined in the Business Object Repository (BOR) as methods applied to SAP businessobjects, in order to perform specific business tasks. BAPIs are implemented and stored in the R/3System as RFC-enabled function modules in the Function Builder of the ABAP Workbench.

AR - Accounts ReceivableAP - Accounts PayableAM - Asset Management Module of SAP

BDC - Batch Data Communication

Bdoc - Business Document. A document that contains information on changes made to businessobjects. BDocs are used for data exchange and data processing within a CRM System environment

BW - Business Information Warehouse

Business Area - A unit in an enterprise, grouping product and market combinations ashomogeneously as possible for the purpose of developing unified business policy.

BPP - Business Process Procedure. A template in Microsoft Word format that provides the initialdefinition for developing end user procedures and training documentation. The final BusinessProcess Procedures (BPPs) are developed during the Realization phase using the BusinessProcess Master List, in which one BPP represents one R/3 transaction.

CATT - Computer Aided Test Tool. Universal SAP test tool. The Computer Aided Test Tool (CATT)allows you to combine and automate business processes as repeatable test procedures.

CCMS - Computer Center Management System. Database for storing data about R/3 Systems andother components in amySAP.com IT landscape. The CCMS system repository is a key componentof the CCMS central system management infrastructure.The CCMS system repository:

Provides information storage for functions that operate across R/3 System and componentboundaries. For example, some kinds of URL generation for mySAP.com use data from therepository to map generic URLSs into URLs specific to your IT landscape.


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Supports central maintenance of certain types of R/3 objects. For example, you canmaintain system groups for the CCMS alert monitor and monitoring architecture in a singlecentral system. The system repository distributes the system groups to other systems inyour IT landscape. The prerequisite for this distribution is that the other systems haveregistered their repositories with the central system.

CO - Controlling Module of SAP

Company Code - The smallest organizational unit for which a complete self-contained set ofaccounts can be drawn up for purposes of external reporting. The includes the recording allrelevant transactions and generating all supporting documents required for financial statements.

Client - In commercial, organizational and technical terms, a self-contained unit in an R/3 Systemwith separate master records and its own set of tables.

Customizing - Tool for carrying out all activities necessary for

the initial configuration of the SAP System before going into production

the adjustment of the system in production

the implementation of additional SAP applications

Customizing consists of two components, which can be used alternatively:

the implementation guides

the customizing menus

Customizing is not a tool for changing the coding.

Dunning - The process of customer and internal notifications to ensure collection of unpaid bills.

EDI - Electronic Data Interchange. Electronic exchange of structured data, such as businessdocuments, between domestic and international business partners that use different hardware,software and communication services. For this purpose, the data involved is formatted according topredefined standards.

EB - Enterprise Buyer.

FI - Financial Accounting

FIFO - First In First Out . The principal used in the allocation run of assigning existing stocks to

requirements. If there is not enough stock to fulfill all the requirements of all customers, theassignment of the stocks takes place corresponding to the time sequence in which therequirements occured. As long as you have not specified your own sort sequence, the system firstfulfills the requirements of orders that were placed at the beginning of the allocation time period.

Form - Describes the basic structure and content of report lists. A form can be seen as a semi-finished report, which is completed when you select the characteristics and indicators during reportdefinition.

G/L - General Ledger


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GUI - Graphical User Interface

Hierarchy - Controlling (CO) A hierarchical structure of objects (for example, cost centers, orders,groups, WSB elements) Hierarchies (for example, cost center hierarchies) have the followingcharacteristics: All nodes other than end nodes are used purely for summarization purposes. Thevalues being structured (for example, the individual cost centers) are called single values and canonly be assigned to the end nodes (in other words, at the lowest level of the hierarchy).

Hit - Item on a computer-generated list of items satisfying database search criteria.

Hot Package - Hot Packages (HOT) contain corrections for errors in the R/3 Repository and inABAP Dictionary objects. These corrections are collected periodically in Hot Packages and madeavailable in OCS.

IDoc - Intermediate Document. Intermediate document (IDoc) container for exchanging databetween R/3, R/2 and non-SAP systems. ALE uses IDocs to exchange data between logicalsystems. Non-SAP systems can use IDocs as the standard interface for data transfer. IDocs arecreated when message types and (object) methods are distributed. The message type is the format

in which the data for a specific business process is transferred.

IDES - Internet Demonstration and Evaluation System. System that contains several samplecompanies typifying relevant business processes. It is simple to use and has a variety of masterand transaction data, and is used for demos, online/classroom training, and presentations. Potentialcustomers use IDES to trial and test software via Internet.

IMG - Implementation Guide

ITS - Internet Transaction Server

JIT - Just In Time

Key Field - Field which is part of a key that uniquely identifies the entry in a table. The key fieldsform the standard key.

LIFO - last in, first out. Valuation procedure according to which the stocks of a material that werelast received are the first to be used or sold.

Line Item - Financial Accounting (FI) The part of a document containing information on a singleitem. It always includes an amount, an account number, the assignment to debits or credits andfurther specifications which depend on the business transactions to be posted.

LUW - Logical Unit of Work. Inseparable sequence of database operations that must be executedeither in its entirety or not at all. From the point of view of a database system, this sequenceconstitutes a unit that plays an important role in ensuring data integrity.

Master Data - ABAP Workbench (BC-DWB) Data that remains the same over a long period of timeMaster data contains information that is needed often and in the same form.

Examples:

The master data of a cost center contains the name of the cost center, the personresponsible for the cost center, the corresponding hierarchy area, and so on.


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The master data of a vendor contains the name, address, and bank information for thevendor.

The master data of a user in the SAP System contains the user's authorizations in thesystem, the name of their default printer, their start transaction, and other information.

Metadata - Data that describes other data. Metadata comprises data definitions that are normallystored in a data dictionary.

MAP - Moving Average Price. Price that changes in consequence of goods movements and theentry of invoices, and which is used to valuate a material. The moving average price is calculatedby dividing the value of the material by the quantity of material in stock. It is recalculatedautomatically by the system after each goods movement or invoice entry.

MRP - Material Requirements Planning (PP-MRP) Generic term for procedures in materialsplanning that take into account and plan every future requirement during the creation ofprocurement proposals (independent requirements, dependent requirements, and so on).

MiniApp - Application, information, or service that can be visualized in a Web browser frame.

MiniApps satisfy the primary information needs of users and provide frequently used functions

Number Range - General Application Functions (CA-GTF). Range of numbers that you can assignto business objects - or their sub-objects - of the same type. Examples of such objects are businesspartners, G/L accounts, orders, posting documents and materials. Each number range has one ormore number range intervals and a number assignment type. There are two types of numberassignment:

Internal

When storing a data record, the R/3 System automatically assigns a sequential number, which liesin the relevant number range interval.

External

In this case, the number is assigned by the user or by an external system, both of whom mustensure that the number lies in the relevant number range interval.

Organization - Theme category in Manager's Desktop. A link on the initial screen of the applicationleads to an Organization screen, where functions with related content are displayed.

Packed Number- Numeric data type.

PAI - Process After Input. Block of code processed after a screen has been displayed.

PBO - Process Before Output. Block of code processed after a screen is called but before it isactually displayed.

Partner- Sales and Distribution (SD). An individual within or outside of your own organization whois of commercial interest and who can be contacted in the course of a business transaction. Apartner can be a natural person or a legal entity. Examples of partners within an organization aresales personnel. Examples of parters outside of the organization are:

Customers


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Sales prospects

Contact persons

Plant - Logistics - General (LO). Organizational unit within Logistics, serving to subdivide anenterprise according to production, procurement, maintenance, and materials planning. A plant is aplace where either materials are produced, or goods and services are provided.

Profile Generator- Tool for generating authorization profiles in role maintenance. You use theProfile Generator to generate authorization profiles based on the activities in a role.

Quick Sizer- The Quick Sizing Tool, or Quick Sizer calculates CPU, disk and memory resourcecategories based on the number of users working with the different components of the R/3 Systemin a hardware and database independent format. The tool intends to give customers an idea of thesystem size necessary to run the required workload, and therefore provides input for initial budgetplanning. It also offers the possibility of transactional/quantity-based sizing, therefore enablingcustomers to include their batch load in the sizing as well.

RFC - Remote Function Call. RFC is an SAP interface protocol. Based on CPI-C, it considerablysimplifies the programming of communication processes between systems. RFCs enable you to call

and execute predefined functions in a remote system - or even in the same system. RFCs managethe communication process, parameter transfer and error handling.

SD - Sales & Distribution module of SAP

SNA - Systems Network Architecture. A widely used communications framework developed by IBMto define network functions and establish standards for enabling its different models of computer toexchange and process data. SNA is essentially a design philosophy that separates networkcommunications into five layers.

Subscreen - Part of another screen. To create a subscreen, you define an area of appropriate sizein the main screen and place a call to the subscreen in the flow logic. A screen can have severalsubscreens in different areas. Calls can also be dynamic, so you do not have to specify whichsubscreen is to be used until runtime. A subscreen can be called by several main screens, but asubscreen cannot call other subscreens.

Transaction Code - ABAP Workbench (BC-DWB) Sequence of characters that identifies atransaction in the R/3 System. A transaction code can contain up to 20 characters and shouldalways begin with a letter. Permitted characters are letters from A to Z, numbers from 0 to 9, andthe underscore. To call a transaction, you enter the transaction code in the command field andpress ENTER.

WBS - Work Breakdown Structure

Wgate - Component of the Internet Transaction Server (ITS). The WGate (Web gateway) links theITS to the Web server. It receives requests from the Web browser through the Web server and

forwards them to the AGate (application gateway) through TCP/IP. The WGate resides on thesame machine as the Web server. There, it acts as a Web server extension and shields the AGatefrom differences in the various Web server APIs. The WGate supports Web servers such asMicrosoft's Internet Information Server (IIS) and Netscape's Enterprise Server (NES). All other Webserver APIs are supported through the Common Gateway Interface (CGI).

WYSIWYG - What you see is what you get. WYSIWYG application enable the user to see on thedisplay screen exactly what will appear when the document is printed.


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