GIS in Development Sector

7/31/2019 GIS in Development Sector

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GIS in DevelopmentSector


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GIS definitions

Demers, 2000: GIS are tools that allowfor the processing ofspatial data intoinformation, generally informationtied explicitly to, and used to make

decision about, some portion of theearth.

A data input subsystem

A data storage and retrievalsubsystem

A data manipulation and analysis

subsystem


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Development Development is defined as the modification of the

biosphere and the application of human, financial,

technologies, living and non-living resources to satisfyhuman needs and improve the quality of life of the human

race (Erskine, 1987).


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Indiaoccupies2.4

%of

theworld'slandareaand

supportsover17

.5%of

theworld'spopu

lation.

Rural

Population

UrbanPopulation

Asperthe2001

census,72

.2%ofthe

populationlivesin

about638,000

villages

andtheremain

ing

27.8%livesinm

ore

than5,100town

sand

over380urban

agglomerations.

India

This scenario showcases thefact that in spite of being

blessed with all the resourcesand capabilities of developing

at a very fast rate why are westill lagging behind in the

development process.


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Being a developing economy, Indiafaces a series of problems, whichstill challenge the Planningprocesses. To name a few:

Population

Poverty

Illiteracy

Public Health

Transportation

Agriculture

Challenges Faced

Looking at the gravity of the situationplanners and managers should focus on

development through sustainable means.


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Sustainable developmentis a pattern of resourceuse that aims to meet human needs while preserving the

environment so that these needs can be met not only in thepresent, but also for future generations.

Sustainable Development


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GIS in Sustainable Development

PoseQuestions

Form aHypothesis

DesignExperiment

Communicate

DrawConclusions

Collect &InterpretData

`

Stakeholders

Spatial Planning

Integration

Participation

Monitoring

Adaptive Management

GIS in an integratingmultidisciplinary tool thatbrings together informationand experts from diverse

and disparatebackgrounds.


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GIS in Sustainable Development | SpatialPlanning

All levels of planningincluding Urban planning Regional planning Environmentalplanning

National plans International Plans


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Different ecological, economic, and social points of view andinterests.

Bringing together existing information about the managed andunmanaged resources

Linking together the small scale and the large scale issues.

Evaluating the possible impacts and side effects of the foreseenmanipulations.

Recognizing the consequences of the planned actions. Synthesizing the existing scientific knowledge.

Linking managers, policy makers, scientists and the public.

GIS in Sustainable Development |Integration


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Participation of all the concerned

parties in the management process.The stakeholders can be invited to helpset goals, analyze the situation, anddevelop improvements and solutions.

Stakeholders:

Government Departments

Scientists

NGOs

Financial Organizations People

GIS in Sustainable Development |Participation


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Effective monitoring helps managers to

follow the consequences of their

interventions, be informed about unexpected

events, and

measure deviations from themanagement objectives.

Monitoring implies the measuring

and assessment of statistical data inrelation to time to determine whetheror not objectives or standards have

been met.

Mapping and analyzing statistical data:-

People living on less than INR 100

per day People living on less than INR 50

per day

People going to bed hungry everyday

People that die of starvation Children that die of malnutrition

GIS in Sustainable Development |Monitoring


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GIS helps in planning process by giving a Bird's Eye view of the

whole scenario. GIS provides a whole new dimension (Global Regional Local) to

planning process

Maps are generated based on different attributes.

Whole data is converted in Quantifiable information

Reports are generated based on this data

Decision making process is optimized

Identification of deviations from the plans is much easier.

This helps in corrective efforts

Thus ensuring the success of plans

GIS in Sustainable Development |Benefits


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Participatory Implementation

Participation of all stakeholders in : Policy Formulation Programme Design Fund Allocation Fund Disbursement Programme Implementation Monitoring & Evaluation

Citizen Portal powered by SpatialIntelligence


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What GIS can help in PublicHealth?

Research Tools and Planning Constructing mathematical models

Service planning and optimisation

Making predictions Spatial Decision Support Systems

Infrastructure roads, towns, services

Census population statistics Medical resource (hospitals, clinics, available

beds)

Emergency Response Systems


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Dr. John SnowsLondon Street Map (1854)

http://www.ph.ucla.edu/epi/snow/Snowpart2_files/frame.htm (slide
http://www.ph.ucla.edu/epi/snow/Snowpart2_files/frame.htmhttp://www.ph.ucla.edu/epi/snow/Snowpart2_files/frame.htmhttp://www.ph.ucla.edu/epi/snow/Snowpart2_files/frame.htmhttp://www.ph.ucla.edu/epi/snow/Snowpart2_files/frame.htm


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Modeling of DengueTransmission

Pictures from Dr. Dana A. Fockshttp://www.id-analysis.com/pages/
http://www.id-analysis.com/pages/http://www.id-analysis.com/pages/


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Limitations of GIS

Communication Gaps betweenepidemiologists & spatial professionals

Require uniform data standards

Eg. Address recording 1/32 Main St. or Unit1 32 Main St.

Unit record data access

Consistent and meaningful areal units

Enable consistency & comparison

Privacy issues and spatiala re ation


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Summary

GIS can provides spatialdimension to epidemiologicalresearch(visualization, modeling).

GIS can be used for many publichealth applications and services.(efficient allocation of health care resources,equity in accessibility to services)

Internet GIS can provide the publichealth information in real-time.(evaluation, decision support systems, emergency


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Thank You..!!

GIS in Development Sector

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