Shape of the basal ganglia in preadolescent children is associated ...
Gigantism Hyperfunction of pituitary – too much growth hormone In preadolescent – overgrowth...
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Transcript of Gigantism Hyperfunction of pituitary – too much growth hormone In preadolescent – overgrowth...
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ENDOCRINE SYSTEM
DISORDERS
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Gigantism Hyperfunction of pituitary – too much
growth hormone In preadolescent – overgrowth of long
bones leads to excessive tallness
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Acromegaly Hyperfunction of pituitary – too much
growth hormone in adulthood Overdevelopment of bones in face,
hands and feet Attacks cartilage – so the chin
protrudes, lips nose and extremities enlarge
Rx – drugs to inhibit growth hormone, radiation
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Acromegaly Picture
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Dwarfism Hypofunction of
pituitary in childhood Small size, but body
proportions and intellect are normal
Sexual immaturity Rx – early
diagnosis, injection of growth hormone
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Hyperthyroidism Overactive thyroid gland Too much thyroxine secreted leading to
enlargement of gland People with this disease consume large
quantities of food but lose body fat and weight
Most pronounced symptoms are enlargement of gland (GOITER) and bulging of eyeballs (EXOPHTHALMOS)
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Goiter and Exophthalmos
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Treatment of Hyperthyroidism total or partial removal of thyroid gland drugs to reduce thyroxine, radiation
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Hypothyroidism Not enough thyroxine secreted May be due to lack of iodine (simple
goiter) Major cause of other types is
inflammation of thyroid which destroys the ability of the gland to make thyroxine
Symps – dry and itchy skin, dry and brittle hair, constipation, muscle cramps at night
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Tetany In hypoparathyroidism, decreased
calcium levels affect function of nerves Convulsive twitching develops, person
dies of spasms in the respiratory muscles
Rx – Vitamin D, calcium and parathormone
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Diabetes Mellitus Caused by secretion of insulin Can be insulin dependent (juvenile) or
non-insulin dependent Symptoms – polyuria, polyphagia,
polydipsia, weight loss, blurred vision, and possible diabetic coma
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Diabetes continued If not treated, excess glucose in blood
(hyperglycemia) and glucose secreted in urine (glycosuria)
Since glucose not available for cellular oxidation, body starts to burn up protein and fat
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Hypoglycemia and Hyperglycemia If too much insulin is given, blood sugar
may go too low (hypogycemia insulin shock)
If blood sugar gets too high – hyperglycemia diabetic coma
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Type II Diabetes Type II (non-insulin
dependent) is most common,
Usually familial, Occurs later in life Control with oral
hypoglycemic drugs and diet
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Blood Sugar Testing Blood sample measured in glucometer Done by patient in home Normal blood sugar 80-100 mg