Get Real: Energy Savings in Actual Buildings Design and ...Hospitals Use Lots of Energy •2007...

Get Real: Energy Savings in Actual Buildings

Design and Facility Management Experience

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Design and Facility Management Experience

� Principal & Client

Executive

� PE, LEED AP

� HESNI Member

� VP Facilities

Management

� PE, CHFM,

CHEP, CMVP

John D’Angelo Eric Vandenbroucke

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Presentation Agenda

� Why worry about energy?

� Some Statistics

� Mechanical Systems

� Lighting Systems

� Other Possible Considerations

� Questions


Hospitals Use Lots of Energy• 2007 CBECS Results

– Large (>200,000 SF) hospitals use 458 trillion Btu/year

– 5.5% of USA commercial building energy use

– 1.96 billion SF

– 3.3 million employees (586 SF/employee)

– 915,000 licensed beds (2,140 SF/bed)

– 234 kBtu/SF/year (down from 249 in 2003)

– 80% of most hospitals carbon footprint comes from

energy use

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Energy Use Distribution5


Application of Ideas6


• Some of these may not apply to the traditional

hospital building

• Industry shift from Inpatient to Outpatient

• Opportunities - Move away from traditional

thinking and traditional systems

• What is under IDPH jurisdiction?

• Costs will vary with building variables

What is possible?7


Source: Advanced Energy Design Guide for Large Hospitals, ASHRAE/AIA/IESNA/USGBC/USDOE

Real World Example

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Cleveland Clinic Twinsburg FHC/ASC

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Attribute FHC/ASC #1 FHC/ASC #2

Size 190,000 sf 190,000 sf

90.1-2004 minimum 25% improvement 16% improvement

Envelope

Walls R-10 (FHC), R-22 (ASC) R-13

Roof R-20, reflective R-30, reflective

Glazing U=0.4, SHGC= 0.23 U=0.35, SHGC=0.215

Lighting

Exterior HID site, LED wall washers LED

Interior LPD 0.61 w/sf 1.06 w/sf

Lamps LED downlights, T5 area lights T8

EXIT signage LEC LED

HVAC

FHC Evaporative cooled RTU with economizer

with hot water reheat

Evaporative cooled RTU with economizer

with hot water reheat

ASC Custom AHU with DOAS, forced-draft

flex-tube heating boiler

AHU with high efficiency modular chiller

and condensing boilers

Pumps and Motors Premium Efficiency Premium Efficiency

Judson University Academic Center

Improved Building EnvelopeGet Real: Energy Savings in Actual Buildings

Energy Saving Strategies

Pros

1. Reduce building energy use by 5%-6%

2. Decrease HVAC equipment and distribution sizes

3. Decrease chilled water connection charge

4. Lower electrical service size

5. Improve thermal comfort in occupied spaces

6. Less noise intrusion

Cons

1. Requires a non-typical exterior wall

system to obtain the higher R-Values

2. Building costs

Improved Building Envelope



1. Low flow plumbing fixtures

• Sensor type

• Shower

• Lavs

2. New cooling towers – reduced make-up water

• Low drift towers

• Improved controls

3. New kitchen equipment

4. ASHRAE 188

Plumbing System Opportunities


Energy Saving StrategiesPlumbing System Opportunities


Resulted in a 20% overall savings in water usage!

- Less to pump

- Less to manage

- Less risk

- Greater redundancy

$ Water/Sewer

$ Energy

$ Maintenance

Energy Saving StrategiesSolar


Passive Solar

Solar Water Heating


Pros

1. May reduce building energy by 2%-3%

2. Decrease AC equipment and distribution sizes

3. Decrease chilled water connection charge

4. Improve summer thermal comfort near windows

5. Less glare in spaces

6. May integrate additional photovoltaics

7. Achieved through east-west building orientation,

limited glazing areas, sun shade devices to

completely shade windows at midday

Cons

1. Limited to certain areas of the facility

2. More adaptable to “horizontal” campus setting

3. May affect architectural aesthetics

4. May affect daylight harvesting

5. Possibly increase bird nesting

Passive Solar DesignGet Real: Energy Savings in Actual Buildings

Example: Several large higher-education facilities

First Cost $102,000

25 Year LCC: -$19,000

1. May reduce building energy by 1.5%

2. Lowers heating energy use on sunny days

3. Water-side reduces dependency on central

steam on sunny days

4. Evacuated tubes are more efficient than flat

panels

Pros Cons

1. Tremendous area required for meaningful

output

2. Effectiveness reduced on cloudy days and

at night

3. Full redundancy required

4. Evacuated tubes are more susceptible to

un-melted snow and hail damage


Solar Heating (Water)

Example: Several smaller scale higher-education facilities

First Cost: $24,000

25 Year LCC: -$42,000

Energy Saving StrategiesChilled Beam Cooling System


Not for everyone, but not all hospital spaces

have immunocompromised patients…


Pros

1. Can reduce building energy by 10%-11%

2. Reduce cooling transport energy

3. Reduce fan sizes

4. Lowers reheat energy

5. Reduces peak electrical load

Cons

1. Not for Inpatient Spaces – IDPH

2. Requires filtration

3. Threat of condensation

4. Not for operable windows

Chilled Beam Cooling System


Example: LUMC School of Nursing, some Indiana projects, many education facilities

First Cost $31,000

25 Year LCC: +$1,066,000

Energy Saving StrategiesCondenser Water Heat Recovery ChillerGet Real: Energy Savings in Actual Buildings


Pros


2. COP of 8 + (producing heating & cooling from common energy source)

3. Condenser water waste heat is used for reheat

4. Reduces need for steam

5. Permits choice between reheat energy sources

Cons

1. Requires additional space

2. More complex control strategies

3. Introduces refrigerant (non CFC based) into the building

4. Additional maintenance

5. Equipment costs

Condenser Water Heat Recovery ChillerGet Real: Energy Savings in Actual Buildings


Facts

1. Used on several other projects with similar successful results

2. Three to four year straight payback for HR chillers in hospitals

3. If outside temp is above 50oF, meet reheat needs of 135oF to 140oF

4. Big savings during months when economizer is used

Aurora Grafton Campus

1. Initial Cost $360,000

2. Annual Savings $120,000

3. Simple payback: 3 years

Condenser Water Heat Recovery Chiller

Case Study


Advocate Illinois Masonic

• Utilized heat recovery chiller

• Required year-round cooling

• Owner desire to avoid individual medical

chiller

• Reluctance to use air cooled chiller

• Results

• ~$6,500 annual saving

• ~7.5 year payback

• Accomplished other project goals

Energy Saving StrategiesAir Side Economizer for VAV



Pros


2. Provides free air cooling in spring and fall periods

Cons

1. Requires significantly larger air handling equipment

2. Requires significantly larger louvers

3. Requires significantly larger ductwork

Air Side Economizer for VAVGet Real: Energy Savings in Actual Buildings

Example: Used on many projects

First Cost: -$110,000

25 Year LCC: +$76,000

Energy Saving StrategiesWater Side Economizer



Pros


2. Provides free cooling for water cooled spaces in spring and fall periods

Cons

1. Requires the Installation of cooling towers or dry coolers

2. Requires roof or site space for towers

3. Requires additional maintenance

4. Requires additional space Inside building for pumps and sump

5. Requires the operation of additional motors to transfer energy from water to the air

Water Side EconomizerGet Real: Energy Savings in Actual Buildings

Example: Used on a handful of higher education projects

First Cost: -$154,000

25 Year LCC: -$131,000 (not great results)

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Lighting Opportunities

� Lots of options

� Preference - full replacement

� Lots to consider

� Controls

� Fixture design

� Heat dissipation

� Future consistency of lamping


Fixture Replacement

�Fixtures designed for LED lamps

�Optimize light distribution

�Heat sink

�Replacement circuit boards

�Warranty

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Retrofit – Lamp Replacement

• Where to start? – Assess and plan

• High impact first– Incandescent lamps

– HID (MH and HPS)

– Halogen

• Considerations– Area served

– Existing circuits/controls

– Color temperature/visual

– Re-lamping versus new fixturesMH Lamp

MR16 Lamp

Incandescent Lamp

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Retrofit – Lamp Replacement• Replacement options– Incandescent to CFL

• 100 W to 26 W – maintain 1700 lumens

• Efficacy: 17 lumens/W vs. 65 lumens/W

– Incandescent to LED• 100 W to 22 W – maintain 1700 lumens


– Halogen (MR16) to LED• 30 W to 3 W – maintain 250 lumens


– Incandescent PAR 30 to LED• 60 W to 10 W – maintain 750 lumens


LED Lamps

CFL Lamps

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Retrofit – Fixture Modifications• Be careful!

• Retrofit vs. new?

• Warranty?

• Maintain existing circuits

• Manufacturer specific

• Site lighting fixtures

– 250 W and 400 W MH to LED

– Saves up to 50% over MH lamps

LED Site Fixture

LED Site Fixture Retrofit

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Retrofit - LED Surgical Lights

• Save lighting energy

• Save much more HVAC energy

• No beam of halogen light heat

• Staff turns up the thermostats

• Maintaining RH is much easierLED Surgical Light

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Retrofit – Surgical Light Example

• 1 Operating Room

• Halogen Exam Light

– Lighting 250 W (each)

– HVAC (60F @ 60% RH = 45F dew-point) = 19 kW

• LED Exam Light

– Lighting 65 W (each)

– HVAC (65F at 60% RH = 50F dew-point) = 13 kW

LED Surgical

Light

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Retrofit – Controls Modifications• Don’t settle for Code Minimum

• Occupancy/vacancy sensors

– Utilize existing wiring/circuits

– Wall type utilize ex. conduit/boxes

– Low initial investment

• 30% to 80% energy reduction

– Toilet rooms (55%-75%)

– Offices/Conf Rooms (35%-45%)

– Staff areas (30%-40%)

Occupancy /

Vacancy Sensors

Dual Technology

Sensor

Wall mounted

sensor/switch

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Retrofit – Controls Modifications• Emergency lighting fixtures

– On at all times

– Up to 20% of fixtures in a facility

• Control emergency fixtures along

with normal fixtures

• Illumination on loss of power

– Even when fixture is off

• Remote test switches

Test Switch and Relay

Emergency Relay

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Renovation and Construction Renovatin

Additional Lighting Considerations• LED vs Fluorescent – LED is the new standard– Costs are very competitive

– Lamp size

– Long operation life – less maintenance

– Lower heat output

– Multiple manufacturers and competition

• Control zones– Split up areas

– Alternate fixtures

– Multi level fixtures

– Dimming – check compatibility of controls

– DALI

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Additional Lighting Considerations• Corridor Lighting

– Down Lights – “cans”

• LED vs. fluorescent

• Same fixture count, same lighting level

• Approximate 50% reduction in power

– 2x2 Lay In Fixtures – “troffers”

• LED vs. fluorescent

• Same fixture count, same lighting level

• Approximate 45% reduction in power

CFL “can” fixture

Volumetric Troffer

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Additional Lighting Considerations• Daylighting– Promotes healing

– Translates into reductions in:• Lighting energy

• Cooling loads

• Lamp replacement maintenance

• Mechanical equipment/mechanical rooms

– Balance • Additional glazing and skin costs

• Shading costs

• Solar heat gain

• Orientation

Patient Room

Lobby

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Additional Lighting Considerations• Consider use of the space

– What is appropriate?

• Lighting facts Label

– Roadmap to lamps for comparison

• Funding sources

– Grants from community organizations

– Utility grants

– RebatesLighting Facts Label

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Questions/Discussion?

Thank you!


John D’Angelo, PE, CHFM, CHEP, CMVP

[email protected]

847.467.5810

Eric Vandenbroucke PE, LEED AP

[email protected]

630.753.8512

There are a lot of ways to save energy!

Get Real: Energy Savings in Actual Buildings Design and ...Hospitals Use Lots of Energy •2007...

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Transcript of Get Real: Energy Savings in Actual Buildings Design and ...Hospitals Use Lots of Energy •2007...