FP 3 F´ 3 F° ?P 6 XP V° head movement

German clause structure

Minimum:

V-Projection + functional projection

FP

3 F´ 3 F° ?P V°i 6 XP ei head movement

German clause structure

Uncontroversial:

a. Fronting of the finite Verb

FP 3 XPi F´ 3 F° ?P Vi-fin 6 ei ei phrasal movement

German clause structure

Uncontroversial:

a. Fronting of the finite Verb

b. Fronting of a single phrase

FP 3 4 F´

3 F° ?P Vfin 6 XP V°

a. head movement. b. phrasal movement.

German clause structure

Uncontroversial:

a. Fronting of the finite Verb

b. Fronting of a single phrase

How many functional heads ? Where are they ?

Are they postverbal ?

German clause structure

Controversies on

• Additional functional architecture

Empirical evidence against clause final F° finite verbs that resist being fronted: *I°- to -C° ?? vs. *V°- to -C° no interveners between VP and the

alleged final F°: *...VVP]-XP- [I°Vfin] unaccounted adjacency vs. expected V-cluster effect

German clause structure

Controversies on

• Additional functional architecture

FP1 3 Spec F´ 3 F1° FP2 3 Spec F’ 3 F2 ........ VP 6 V°

German clause structure

Silent medial functional shells?

Wait until Unit 4: Scrambling (and expletives)

VP2 VP2

3 ?? 3

VP1 V°2 ........... V2

6 2 .......... V°1 V°1 V°2

German clause structure• Verb clustering

Derivational Implementation ?

VP2 VP2

3 ?? 3

CP1 V°2 ........... V2

6 2 .......... zu-V°1 zu-V°1 V°2

German clause structure• Verb clustering & Clause union

Obligatory for a small class of verbs

Optional for a subset of control verbs

VInf + werden (Future) VInf + modal verbs: können, müssen, dürfen, sollen,

wollen, mögen, ... VInf + {gehen, kommen, laufen; bleiben, haben,

finden,...} VInf + perception verbs: sehen, hören, fühlen, ... VInf + lassen (causative, permissive), machen (arch.);

Bare Infinitive

ParticipleII + V: haben, sein; bleiben; kriegen;werden, ...

(1) Er hat sie gesucht - Sie bleibt gesucht Zu-Infinitive + V: haben, sein; scheinen, pflegen;

brauchen; ...

(2) Er hat sie zu suchen - Sie ist zu suchen

zu +Infinitive + V+

Participle II + Verb