Georgia's Choices

8/6/2019 Georgia's Choices

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J C G Q U N M D G @ Y U Y Q I N M Y M J I Q U G N M U N F I Z

U C B F G Z E I T G G L


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U C B F G Z E I T G G L

DIBQDNGZ J C B N J I ZJ C G Q U N M D G @ Y U Y Q I N M Y M J I Q UG N M U N F I Z


3/57

1?77 Jgrmidni Imebwfimt `br Nmtirmgtnbmgl _igji. Gll rndcts risirvie.

Uci Jgrmidni Imebwfimt ebis mbt tghi nmstntutnbmgl pbsntnbms bm pualnj pblnjy nssuis8tci vniws riprisimtie ciri gri tci gutcbrs bwm gme eb mbt mijissgrnly riijt tci vniws b`tci Imebwfimt, nts stg , br nts trustiis.

@br ilijtrbmnj jbpnis b` tcns ripbrt, vnsnt;JgrmidniImebwfimt.brd/puas

Jgrmidni Imebwfimt `br Nmtirmgtnbmgl _igji744> Fgssgjcusitts Gvimui, MTTgscnmdtbm, E.J. 1??:0_cbmi; + 1?1 53: 40??

@gx; + 1?1 53: 735?JgrmidniImebwfimt.brd


4/57

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9? Fnlis?

Dibrdng gme Nts Mindcabrs


5/57

Jbmtimts

Zuffgry 7

Nmtrbeujtnbm 1

Ztgti Aunlenmd nm Dibrdng 9

Uci Ijbmbfy nm 1?77 7?

_bvirty nm Dibrdng 79

G Bmi-_grty Ztgti2 1?

Ixtrifi Breir 15

Fbeilnmd Dibrdng 14

Uci Iurbpigm Jcbnji :7

Dibrdng, Iurbpi, gme @rii Urgei :9

Jbmjlusnbms :>

Mbtis 59

Gabut tci Gutcbr 97

Jgrmidni Imebwfimt `br Nmtirmgtnbmgl _igji 9:


6/57

U C B F G Z E I T G G L D I B Q D N G Z J C B N J I Z 7

Dibrdng ns imtirnmd g pirnbe b` trgmsntnbm, wntc pgrlngfimtgry gme prisneimtngl ilij-tnbms eui nm , g`tir wcnjc g miw jbmstntutnbm wnll tghi i ijt. Ui jurrimtdbvirmfimt cgs fgei dbbe prbdriss nm aunlenmd g `umjtnbmnmd stgti tcgt eilnvirssirvnjis tb jntnzims, aut Dibrdngs ijbmbfnj pnjturi ns nmjrigsnmdly umjirtgnm.

Ui dbvirmnmd ilnti, lie ay _risneimt Fnhcinl Zgghgscvnln, cgs mb sirnbus eb-fistnj pblntnjgl bppbsntnbm aut gjis tci jcgllimdi b` cbw tb ri-nmvimt ntsil`. Nt su`-`irs `rbf gm gjjbumtganlnty dgp gme rnshs turmnmd Dibrdng nmtb g bmi-pgrty stgti.

G`tir yigrs b` dbvirmnmd nm gm nm`brfgl gme nfprbvnsgtnbmgl wgy, tci Dibr-dngm dbvirmfimt miies tb aunle nmstntutnbms gme jcbbsi g lbmd-tirf eivilbpfimtfbeil. Urii neigs pull Dibrdng nm en irimt enrijtnbms. Bmi ns g jbmsirvgtnvi trgen-tnbmgl jbmjiptnbm b` ble Dibrdng, wcnjc jbffgmes rispijt aut b irs lnttli gs gmijbmbfnj br pblntnjgl fbeil. G sijbme neig, imvnsgdnmd Dibrdng gs gmbtcir Znm-dgpbri bpim tb wbrlewnei nmvistfimt, cgs fgmy suppbrtirs, ispijnglly `rbf tcistnll nm uimtngl lnairtgrngm drbup wcb ailnivi tcgt Dibrdng miies fgxnfuf ei-ridulgtnbm. Aut `brindm nmvistfimt ns jurrimtly `gllnmd nm Dibrdng gme tcns fbeil wbule mbt sblvi eiip prbalifs sujc gs rurgl pbvirty gme cndc umifplbyfimt.

Ui Iurbpigm Ymnbm (IY) b irs g tcnre pgtc, wntc g prbspijtnvi Eiip gmeJbfpricimsnvi @rii rgei Grig tcgt wbule b ir prnvnlidie gjjiss tb tci IYsnmdli fgrhit nm riturm `br nmstntutnbmgl ri`brf. Uns pgtc wbule riqunri tci dbv-irmnmd ilnti tb surrimeir abtc pblntnjgl gme ijbmbfnj pbwir. Ui IY cgs sble tcineig pbbrly gme wnll miie tb b ir fbri `brindm tijcmnjgl gssnstgmji tb igsi tci rid-ulgtbry aureim nt wnll nfpbsi. Aut nt b irs Dibrdng tci aist cbpi b` lbmd-tirfeivilbpfimt gme g Iurbpigm gmjcbr.

Zuffgry


7/57

J G Q M I D N I I M E B T F I M U @ B Q N M U I Q M G U N B M G L _ I G J I1

Nmtrbeujtnbm

Dibrdng ns imtirnmd g pirnbe b` pblntnjgl trgmsntnbm. Nt jbule ai jgllie g tcnre pcgsib` wcgt cgs aiim g turaulimt eijgei. Ui rst pcgsi lgstie `rbf tb nmtci g`tirfgtc b` Dibrdngs pigji`ul Qbsi Qivblutnbm, wcnjc arbudct g miw dimirg-tnbm tb pbwir. G sijbme pcgsi jgfi wntc tci Gudust wgr wntc Qussng gme tcisuasiquimt nmtirmgtnbmgl i brt tb stganlnzi Dibrdng. Mbw tci jbumtry wnll umeirdbpgrlngfimtgry gme prisneimtngl ilijtnbms nm gme , g`tir wcnjc g miw jbmstn-tutnbm wnll ai nmtrbeujie tcgt wnll jcgmdi Dibrdngs pblntnjgl strujturi. Tntc tcns,

tci Qbsi Qivblutnbm dimirgtnbm `gjis tci tist b` cbw gme n` nt wnll ai rimiwie. Ui stgti b` tci ijbmbfy wnll lgrdily eitirfnmi cbw stgali tci jbumtry ns gmecbw tci dbvirmfimt `gris nm tci jbfnmd yigrs. Ui ijbmbfnj sntugtnbm lbbhs viryumjirtgnm. Nm g pbll, fbst Dibrdngms jntie ijbmbfnj nssuis, jcni y kbas gme rnsnmdprnjis, gs tcinr fgkbr jbmjirms, gcige b` tci quistnbm b` jbm njt wntc Qussng gmetci ensputis bvir Gahcgzng gme Zbutc Bssitng.

Dibrdngs ijbmbfy pir`brfie ixtrifily will `rbf tb . Qigl nmjbfisdriw suastgmtnglly, gme `brindm nmvistfimt aidgm tb bw nm. Cbwivir, tcns rgpnetrgms`brfgtnbm aypgssie sivirgl sbjngl drbups gme pbvirty gme umifplbyfimt

rifgnm rfly imtrimjcie nm fujc b` sbjnity. Fbri rijimtly, tci scnmi cgs glsbaidum tb jbfi b Dibrdngs riputgtnbm gs g supir-lnairgl ijbmbfy, gs `brindm enrijtnmvistfimt (@EN) cgs eijlnmie gme fgmy ausnmissis jbfplgnm b` cgrgssfimt ay tcitgx gutcbrntnis. Nm tci figmtnfi, fbst b` tci and enrijt `brindm gssnstgmji pgjhgdisprbvneie tb Dibrdng g`tir tci Gudust wgr cgvi aiim spimt. Gltcbudc drbwtc

duris nm igrly wiri cigltcy, tci ijbmbfy rums g suastgmtngl trgei ei jnt gmens vulmirgali tb ixtirmgl `gjtbrs. Ui dbvirmfimt ebismt cgvi nts bwm risburjis,gme ivirytcnmd cgs tb jbfi `rbf intcir prnvgti nmvistfimt br `brindm tijcmnjglgssnstgmji, sgys Irnj Lnvmy, gm ijbmbfnst wntc tci Nmtirmgtnbmgl Zjcbbl b`

Ijbmbfnjs gt anlnsn Ztgti Ymnvirsnty.


8/57

U C B F G Z E I T G G L D I B Q D N G Z J C B N J I Z :

Dibrdng miies g lbmd-tirf ijbmbfnj eivilbpfimt fbeil. Nt miies tb aunleup nmstntutnbms gme tgjhli tci prbalifs tcgt nt cgs mbt yit `gjie prbpirly, jcni ycndc livils b` pbvirty gme umifplbyfimt gme nts lbw ixpbrt jgpgjnty. _risneimtFnhcinl Zgghgscvnln gme cns dbvirmfimt, mivir scbrt b` neigs, cgvi prbpbsiembt bmi aut sivirgl fbeils. Ui prisneimt cgs sgne ci nmtimes tb fghi Dibrdngtci Zwntzirlgme b` tcns ridnbm wntcilifimts b` Znmdgpbri, aut glsb tcgtci ns jbffnttie tb nmtidrgtnbm wntc tciIurbpigm Ymnbm. Ztgtnmd tcisi viryen irimt dbgls, ci ns trgmsfnttnmd fnxiefissgdis. Tcim ci nmvbhis tci fbeilb` Znmdgpbri, tci prisneimt ns tglhnmdgabut fghnmd tci jbumtry g ausnmisscua wntc g cndcly eiridulgtie ijbmbfy.Iurbpigmnzgtnbm b irs g en irimt pgtc b` ridulgtnbm, stgmegres-sittnmd, gmegebptnmd Arussils gs gm gmjcbr. Bjjgsnbmgl riìrimjis tb Istbmng, g lnairgl ijbmbfy wntcnm tci IY, scbw gm gwgrimiss tcgt tcns jnrjli miies tb ai squgrie, aut tcnspbnmt b` riìrimji scbws cbw `gr Dibrdng ns `rbf tci fgkbr nmstntutnbmgl gmeijbmbfnj trgms`brfgtnbm tcgt Istbmng umeirwimt nm tci pgst twb eijgeis.

Uns ns g pblntnjgl nssui gs will gs gm ijbmbfnj bmi. Dibrdngs jurrimt ybumddbvirmfimt ilnti, wcnjc tbbh pbwir nm , cgs aiim i ijtnvi gt puscnmd tcrbudc

fgmy ri`brfs gme ns prbue b` nts eijnsnvi styli. Ti cgvi lbst sb fujc tnfi gme wimiie tb jgtjc up, sgys Dndg Abhirng, tci fgnm strgtidnst `br tci prisneimt gme mbwtci sijritgry b` Dibrdngs Mgtnbmgl Zijurnty Jbumjnl. Aut tb g lgrdi eidrii tcidbvirmnmd ilnti cgs rifgnmie nm rivblutnbmgry fbeig sfgll eymgfnj drbup b` nm-envneugls wcb scbw lnttli nmtirist nm jbmsultnmd wntc Dibrdngm ixpirts br tci pualnjgt lgrdi. Gltcbudc Dibrdng ns stnll g plurglnst jbumtry ay mgturi, tcns sfgll drbupmbw rums g systif tcgt lgjhs ebfistnj jcijhs gme aglgmjis.

Bavnbusly, tcns cigvy jbmjimtrgtnbm b` pbwir nm tci cgmes b` g ìw puts drigtrispbmsnanlnty bm Dibrdngs ligeirs tb gjt wnsily. Nt glsb puts drigt rispbmsnanlnty bm

Dibrdngs Tistirm pgrtmirs, wcnjc, gasimt strbmd ebfistnj jcijhs gme aglgmjis,aijbfi ay ei`gult tci fgnm gjtbrs nm uimjnmd tci eijnsnbms b` tci dbvirmfimt. Ui Iurbpigm Ymnbm nm pgrtnjulgr cgs tci jgpgjnty, tcrbudc abtc drigtir nmjimtnvisgme strbmd jbmentnbmglnty, tb pusc Dibrdng nm g fbri Iurbpigm enrijtnbm. Ciri,gm bppbrtumnty jbule ai fnssie. Fgmy Dibrdngms gttntueis tbwgre Iurbpi gri wgrf aut ixtrifily ùzzy, wcnli tciri ns stnll g strbmd drbup tcgt ridgres tci IYgs g aurigujrgtnj trgp `br Dibrdng. Bmi ligenmd tcnmhir nm tcns ultrg-lnairgl drbup,Hghcg Aimeuhnezi, dbis sb `gr gs tb lgail gs aitrgyirs Dibrdngms wcb jgll `brdrigtir ridulgtbry gpprbxnfgtnbm wntc Arussils.

Dibrdng miies g lbmd-tirfijbmbfnj eivilbpfimtfbeil gme miies tb aunleup nts nmstntutnbms.


9/57


Eispnti Dibrdngs prbalifs, nt ns nfpbrtgmt tb striss tcgt tci jbumtry rifgnmsnm fgmy wgys g pbsntnvi ixgfpli, jbfpgrie wntc btcir jbumtrnis nm tci pbst-Zb- vnit spgji. Nt ns tb tci jrient b` Dibrdngms tcgt Dibrdngcgs jcbnjis gabut nts strg-tidnj enrijtnbm gme ns mbt kust sit bm g lnmigr trgkijtbry b` fbri b` tci sgfi. Uidbvirmfimt stnll cgs tci jgpgjnty tb surprnsi gme tb umvinl pbsntnvi nmntngtnvis. Aut,`gr fbri sb tcgm g `iw yigrs gdb, Dibrdng mbw `gjis rigl enliffgs wcbsi risblu-tnbm wnll eitirfnmi cbw tci jbumtry eivilbps. G `bumegtnbm cgs aiim lgne, aut, gsjcbnjis gri fgei gabut wcgt hnme b` stgti Dibrdng jbmstrujts, tciri gri rigl egm-dirs tcgt dbbe wbrh wnll ai umebmi gme midgtnvi timeimjnis wnll ai imtrimjcie.


10/57


Ztgti Aunlenmd nm Dibrdng

Dibrdng cgs g lbmd trgentnbm b` mbm-jbm`brfnsf. Zit gpgrt `rbf fgmy b` nts mind-abrs ay dibdrgpcy, lgmdugdi, gme julturi, tci jbumtry cgs strbmd gme enstnmjt trg-entnbms tcgt cgvi lie nt bm bjjgsnbm tb nsblgtnbmnsf gme able ixpirnfimts. Nm tcilgti Zbvnit pirnbe, Dibrdng cge g riputgtnbm gs bmi b` tci fbst prbspirbus gme ril-gtnvily lnairgl pgrts b` tci YZZQ. Uim nm Dibrdngs rst pbst-Zbvnit prisneimt,[vnge Dgfsghcureng, tbbh tci jbumtry ebwm g runmbus pgtc b` ixtrifi mgtnbmgl-nsf gme nsblgtnbm. Ui jimtrgl dbvirmfimt jbllgpsie, wgr arbhi but nm tci ridnbm b`

Zbutc Bssitng, gme fujc b` tci jbumtry wgs tghim bvir ay jrnfnmglnzie pgrgfnln-tgry drbups. Dgfsghcurengs sujjissbr, Zbvnit-irg vitirgm Ieugre Zcivgremgezi,tbbh jcgrdi bmji gdgnm nm . Ci tgfie tci wgrlbres gme arbudct tci miwly nm-eipimeimt stgti agjh `rbf tci arnmh b` jbllgpsi. Ci midbtngtie g pigji gdriifimtnm Zbutc Bssitng, aut glsb `budct gme lbst g jbm njt bvir gmbtcir arighgwgy ridnbm, Gahcgzng. Zcivgremgezi prisneie bvir gm irg jcgrgjtirnzie ay g `rii priss gme glnvily pgrlngfimt, aut glsb pbvirty gme imeifnj jbrruptnbm.

Nm Mbvifair , Zcivgremgezi risndmie nm tci `gji b` tci pigji`ul QbsiQivblutnbm, g wgvi b` pbpulgr prbtists trnddirie ay g `glsn ie ilijtnbm. Ui fbst

prbfnmimt rivblutnbmgry ligeir, Fnhcinl Zgghgscvnln, g `brfir prbtd b` Zcivgre-mgezi, wgs tcim ilijtie Dibrdngs prisneimt ay g lgmeslnei, aijbfnmd tci ybumdistcige b` stgti nm Iurbpi gt tci gdi b` kust . Bm Kgmugry , , tci egy ai`bricns nmgudurgtnbm, nm g eilnairgti gjt b` syfablnsf, Zgghgscvnln vnsntie tci tbfab` Dibrdngs ilivimtc-jimtury fbmgrjc Egvne tci Aunleir nm wistirm Dibrdng tbsuddist tcgt ci wgs tci miw Fnhcinl tci Aunleir. Ci sgne, Gt tci drgvi b` HnmdEgvne wi fust gll sgy; Dibrdng wnll ai umntie, strbmd, wnll ristbri nts wcblimissgme aijbfi g umntie, strbmd stgti.

Zgghgscvnln mbw grduis tcgt tci sntugtnbm ci nmcirntie `rbf Zcivgremgezi wgs

g `gnlie stgti. Nm Fgrjc , ci tble g Tgscnmdtbm, E.J., guenimji;


11/57


XNm V Dibrdng wgs g jlgssnjgl `gnlie stgti. Gme aurigujrgjy wgshnllnmd gmy nmntngtnvi nm tci sbjnity. Uiri wgs jrnpplnmd pbvirty, sirn-bus nmgeiqugti nm`rgstrujturi, gme gm ijbmbfy scgjhlie ay jbrrup-tnbm. Gs ybu hmbw, tci pigjiùl, pbpulgr rivblutnbm arbudct tb pbwirg ybumd tigf b` ri`brfirs tcgt N cgppim tb lige. Ui sntugtnbm agjh nmDibrdng wgs sb jgtgstrbpcnj tcgt wi cge tb aunle bur stgti glfbst`rbf sjrgtjc.

Grdugaly, Zgghgscvnlns fbst rgenjgl ri`brfs tbbh plgji nm cns rst yigr nm b ji. G sirnis b` blndgrjcnj duris wcb cge ebfnmgtie tci ijbmbfy eurnmd tci Zcivgre-mgezi irg wiri grristie, b`tim nm vniw b` tilivnsnbm jgfirgs. Bmji nm kgnl, fbst b`tcif gdriie tb plig agrdgnms nm wcnjc tciy b irie fnllnbms b` ebllgrs tb tci stgtiauedit nm riturm `br tcinr `riiebf. Gs g risult b` tcns, gme tci nmtrbeujtnbm b` g gt

tgx rgti b` pirjimt, tgx jbllijtnbm rgtis sbgrie gme tci auedit ixpgmeie indct`bleay Kuly , tb anllnbm. Nm tci suffir b` , tci imtnri stg b` tci mbtbrn-busly jbrrupt trg j pblnjigrbume , pibpliwgs rie gme g fujc sfgllir,aittir-pgne, fbri cbmist brdgmnzgtnbm wgs jrigtie nm nts plgji. Ui pblnji `brjintsil` wgs sgvgdily jut, gme b jirs wiri ricnrie `br cndcir wgdis. Ui justbfssirvnji wgs imtnrily ribrdgmnzie. Ui vnrtugl ilnfnmgtnbm b` iviryegy jbrruptnbmrifgnms gm nfprissnvi gjcnivifimt gfbmd pbst-Zbvnit stgtis. Gs g risult, fbst br-enmgry Dibrdngms mb lbmdir fust pgy g arnai wcim ernvnmd grbume, dgnmnmd gefns-snbm nmtb umnvirsnty, auynmd gm gpgrtfimt, br gjqunrnmd g pgsspbrt. G spijtgjulgr

pirjimt b` Dibrdngms nm g rijimt surviy sgne tciy ene mbt dnvi arnais. Fbst Dibr-dngms prgnsi tci dbvirmfimt `br g fujc fbri i jnimt eilnviry b` sirvnjisivimn` fgmy mbw jbfplgnm gabut tci rnsnmdjbsts b` tcbsi sirvnjis.

Gmtnjbrruptnbm ri`brfs gme g snf-pln ie tgx systif cilpie put tci ijbmb-fy bm g fujc sbumeir `bbtnmd. @brindmenrijt nmvistfimt scbt up gme rigjciefbri tcgm anllnbm g yigr nm (g`tir

wcnjc nt eijlnmie gdgnm, gs g risult b`tci wgr). Ui slgscnmd b` ridulgtnbms dgvi Dibrdng g stillgr rgmhnmd nm bmi b` tci Tbrle Agmhs dlbagl nmenjis, tci Igsi b` Ebnmd Ausnmiss Nmeix, nm wcnjc Dibrdngjurrimtly rgmhs twil`tc.

Ui aimi ts b` ijbmbfnj ri`brf, cbwivir, wiri sprige umivimly nm sbjnity. @br-indm nmvistfimt fgnmly wimt nmtb sijtbrs b` tci ijbmbfy sujc gs agmhnmd gme riglistgti, wcnjc jrigtie ìw kbas. _imsnbms gme sbjngl wil`gri pgyfimts stgyie lbw.Nm , sbjnbijbmbfnj ensjbmtimt jbfanmie wntc g pblntnjgl jrnsnstci grristb` `brfir eiìmsi fnmnstir Nrghln Bhrugscvnln, wcb gjjusie cns `brfir pgrtmirs

nm dbvirmfimt b` gausi b` pbwirtb trnddir striit prbtists nm anlnsn tcgt wiri

Uci vnrtugl ilnfnmgtnbm bìviryegy jbrruptnbm rifgnms gmnfprissnvi gjcnivifimt gfbmd

pbst-Zbvnit stgtis.


12/57


arutglly enspirsie ay tci pblnji bm Mbvifair , . Zgghgscvnln turmie tci pblnt-njgl jbm`rbmtgtnbm tb cns gevgmtgdi gme jgllie igrly ilijtnbms, wcnjc ci mgrrbwly wbm nm Kgmugry . Ui stgrt b` Zgghgscvnlns sijbme tirf wgs ebfnmgtie ay gdrbwnmd jrnsns bvir tci arighgwgy ridnbms b` Gahcgzng gme Zbutc Bssitng, wcnjcivimtuglly aliw up nmtb wgr wntc Qussng nm Gudust .

Zgghgscvnln jbm`rbmtie tci jrnsns b` Gudust gt tci gdi b` kust gme wntcg viry ybumd tigf; g tcnrty-snx-yigr-ble prnfi fnmnstir, tcnrty-tcrii-yigr-ble -mgmji fnmnstir, tcnrty-bmi-yigr-ble `brindm fnmnstir, gme twimty-mnmi-yigr-ble ei-ìmsi fnmnstir. Ui bvircgul b` tci dbvirmfimt wntc g miw pbst-Zbvnit dimirgtnbmns g ri ijtnbm b` wcgt cgs aiim eisjrnaie gs g fimtgl rivblutnbm nm Dibrdng. @br-indm nmtirlbjutbrs mbw nmtirgjt wntc g drbup b` b jngls wcb gri rifgrhgali ay gmystgmegres, ainmd ybumd gme will-ieujgtie, fbst b` tcif spighnmd uimt Imdlnsc.

Zgghgscvnln nm i ijt shnppie g dimirgtnbm nm gppbnmtnmd g dbvirmfimt b` pibpli nmtcinr twimtnis gme tcnrtnis. Ui spiie b` tci bvircgul arbudct `risc tcnmhnmd nmtb dbvirmfimt. Nt glsb fgei

`br g pgttirm b` nfprbvnsgtnbm gme fnsstips tcgt cilpie Dibrdng alumeir nmtb wgrnm Gudust . Ui dbvirmfimt lgjhs nmstntutnbmgl eiptc. Zgghgscvnln gme g jlbsinmmir jnrjli cgvi aiim rispbmsnali `br gll fgkbr eijnsnbms `br sivirgl yigrs, wcnlitci jganmit cgs aiim riscust ie fgmy tnfis nm g rivblvnmd ebbr b` ensfnssgls gmegppbnmtfimts. Znmji Zgghgscvnln jgfi tb pbwir, ci cgs cge vi prnfi fnmnstirs,sivim eiìmsi fnmnstirs, snx `brindm fnmnstirs, gme snx mgmji fnmnstirs. Iyiarbws

gri stnll rgnsie gt sbfi dbvirmfimtgl gppbnmtfimts. Nm Kumi , `br ixgfpli,tciri wgs fujc jrntnjnsf b` tci gppbnmtfimt b` gm nmixpirnimjie twimty-indct- yigr-ble, Pirg Hbaglng, gs ijbmbfy fnmnstir. _rnbr tb Hbaglngs ainmd gppbnmtietb tci dbvirmfimt, cir fgnm wbrh ixpirnimji wgs wbrhnmd `br cir `gtcirs aghiryausnmiss nm Pgmjbuvir, Jgmgeg, wciri sci fit Zgghgscvnln g ìw fbmtcs igrlnir gttci Tnmtir Blyfpnjs.

Uiri cgs glsb aiim umtnl mbw lnttli i brt tb aunle g prbìssnbmgl jgeri b` jnvnlsirvgmts. G rgmspgrimjy Nmtirmgtnbmgl ripbrt basirvis,

X Vci jnvnl sirvnji lgjhs nmeipimeimji aijgusi b` tci nm uimji fnmns-tirs jgm ixirt nm cnrnmd, prbfbtnmd gme, pgrtnjulgrly, rnmd jnvnl sir- vgmts. Tcnli tciri gri sbfi lidgl curelis tb grantrgry ensfnssgl, tciygri rgrily put nmtb prgjtnji. Nt ns stnll jbffbmplgji `br miw fnmnstirstb eifgme sndmn jgmt jcgmdis nm stg md, ivim gfbmd `gnrly kumnbrstg . Ui fgnm prbalif aicnme tcns jbmtnmunmd wighmiss ns g jbmvnj-tnbm wntcnm tci Dibrdng dbvirmfimt tcgt ixnanlnty nm tci jnvnl sirvnjins fbri nfpbrtgmt tcgm nmeipimeimji, sijurnty br lbmd-tirf prbìs-snbmgl eivilbpfimt.

Nm gm nm`brfgl pblntnjgl julturi b` tcns sbrt, sujjiss gme `gnluri rivblvis grbumetci pirsbmglnty b` tci ligeir. Znmji tci ensgstir b` tci wgr, Zgghgscvnln cgs


13/57


gjcnivie g hnme b` pblntnjgl risurrijtnbm. Fgmy prienjtie tcgt ci wbule ai `brjietb risndm, `bllbwnmd tci eiagjli su irie ay cns grfie `brjis nm Zbutc Bssitng gmetci jbm njt wntc Qussng aut ci cgs rijbmsblnegtie cns pbsntnbm gs Dibrdngs fbstpbpulgr pblntnjngm. G surviy nm scbwie tcgt tci prisneimt, ay gm igsy fgrdnm, wgs tci fbst trustie pblntnjgl duri nm tci jbumtry, wntc gm gpprbvgl rgtnmd b` pirjimt, gm indct pirjimtgdi pbnmt nfprbvifimt bm cns rgtnmd nm .

Uiri gri tcrii arbge rigsbms `br tci turmgrbume nm Zgghgscvnlns pblntnjgl`brtumis. Bmi ns cns bwm pblntnjgl tglimt. Ivim cns bppbmimts gjhmbwlieditcgt Zgghgscvnln rifgnms Dibrdngs fbst eymgfnj pblntnjngm. Cns shnlls gs gjbffumnjgtbr wiri bm scbw gt tci ime b` gme tci aidnmmnmd b` wcim ci

ileie quistnbms `br sivirgl cburs nm twb and pualnj ivimts, rst lnvi bm tilivnsnbmgme tcim g`tir cns gmmugl geeriss tb pgrlngfimt. Nm tci pgrlngfimtgry geeriss

ci glsb scbwie cns shnll nm jrigtnmdg mgrrgtnvi gme sittnmd tci pblntnjglgdimegbm tcns bjjgsnbm lgynmd butg miw sirnis b` gfantnbus tgrdits `brtci jbumtry tb gttgnm ay . GrjcnlDidiscnezi, g pblntnjgl gmglyst wntc tciDibrdngm @bumegtnbm `br Ztrgtidnj gmeNmtirmgtnbmgl Ztuenis, sgys tci prisneimt

gme cns jnrjli gri jbmstgmtly sittnmd tci gdimeg gme ligvnmd btcirs `gr aicnme.

Gt gmy pgrtnjulgr fbfimt tciy gri twb br tcrii fbvis gcige. Ivirybmi ilsi nsrigjtnmd. Uiy gri prbgjtnvi. Gmbtcir rigsbm `br tci prisneimts rivnvgl ns tci nmi ijtnvi pir`brfgmji b` tci

bppbsntnbm. Dibrdngs bppbsntnbm pgrtnis gri mufirbus aut sfgll, envneie gfbmdigjc btcir gme timenmd tb ai ebfnmgtie ay bmi ligeir. Nm , wntc Zgghgscvn-lns gpprbvgl rgtnmds viry lbw, ispijnglly nm tci jgpntgl jnty anlnsn, tci rgenjgl bp-pbsntnbm bptie `br g tgjtnj b` striit prbtists tcgt glnimgtie fgnmstrigf vbtirs. Uidbvirmnmd ilnti sgt but tci prbtists gme ifirdie tci strbmdir `br nt. Ui prisneimtcnfsil` cgs fbjhie cns bppbmimts pir`brfgmji, sgynmd tcgt n` ci wiri tci bppbsn-

tnbm ci wbule dnvi tci dbvirmfimt g lbt b` trbuali. Ui bppbsntnbm ebis mbt cgvi nts bwm virsnbm b` tci Zgghgscvnln b` tb jcgl-limdi tci Zgghgscvnln b` . Ui twb fbst i ijtnvi bppbsntnbm pblntnjngms, Nrghln Glgsgmng gme Dnbrdn grdgfgezi, abtc cgvi `gnrly fbeist rgtnmds wntc vbtirs. Glg-sgmng, wcb sirvie wntc enstnmjtnbm gs g enplbfgt gme fiengtbr umeir Zgghgscvnln,pbllie pirjimt nm tci fgybrgl ilijtnbms nm anlnsn nm gdgnmst tci vnjtbrnbusnmjufaimt, Dndn Ydulgvg. Ci cgs tcus `gr `gnlie tb fghi g and nfpgjt gs g pualnjpblntnjngm. grdgfgezi ns tci cige b` tci Jcrnstngm Eifbjrgtnj _grty gme g sfgllbppbsntnbm `gjtnbm nm pgrlngfimt jbmsnstnmd b` twilvi eiputnis. Ci cgs cge g znd-

zgddnmd pblntnjgl anbdrgpcy eurnmd wcnjc ci cgs wbrhie wntc sivirgl jbmtrbvirsngl

Dibrdngs bppbsntnbm pgrtnisgri mufirbus aut sfgll, envneie

gfbmd igjc btcir gme timenmd tbai ebfnmgtie ay bmi ligeir.


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U C B F G Z E I T G G L D I B Q D N G Z J C B N J I Z >

duris nm Dibrdngm pblntnjs sujc gs Gslgm Gagscnezi, tci `brfir ligeir b` tci gu-tbmbfbus ripualnj b` Gkgrng, gme tci blndgrjc Agern _gtgrhgtsnscvnln.

Jrujnglly, tci bppbsntnbm cgs ìwir risburjis gt nts enspbsgl tcgm tci dbvirm-

fimt ebis. Ui prisneimt cgs i ijtnvi jbmtrbl b` tci tcrii fbst wgtjcie gme wigltcnist tilivnsnbm jcgmmils gme tcinr miws prbdrgfs. Bppbsntnbm pgrtnis jbf-plgnm tcgt tciy cgvi prbalifs dittnmd gjjiss tb ùmenmd gme tcgt ausnmisspibpligri g`rgne tb suppbrt tcif. Nm tci fumnjnpgl ilijtnbms b` Fgy , tci dbvirmnmdYmntie Mgtnbmgl Fbvifimt (YMF) butspimt Glgsgmngs Gllngmji `br Dibrdng ay g`gjtbr b` fbri tcgm bmi cumerie tb bmi.

G tcnre rigsbm `br tci rijbviry b` Zgghgscvnln ns tcgt tci Dibrdngm ijbmbfy wgs prbtijtie `rbf tci ebuali scbjh b` tci wgr wntc Qussng gme tci dlbagl mgm-jngl jrnsns ay g dimirbus mgmjngl stganlnzgtnbm pgjhgdi `rbf nts Tistirm `rnimes. G

jbmìrimji b` nmtirmgtnbmgl ebmbrs cile nm Arussils nm Bjtbair risultie nm g. anllnbm pgjhgdi b` gne gme lbw-nmtirist lbgms `rbf tci Ymntie Ztgtis, tci Iu-rbpigm Ymnbm, tci Tbrle Agmh, tci Gsngm Eivilbpfimt Agmh, gme btcir ebmbrs.Fujc b` tcns wimt tbwgre rijbmstrujtnbm wbrh gme cilp `br ensplgjie pibpli `rbftci jbm njt twb fbmtcs igrlnir, aut tci sufs rgnsie ixjiieie ixpijtgtnbms gmecilpie hiip tci ijbmbfy gs g wcbli g bgt. Ui Ymntie Ztgtis dgvi fnllnbm b`gssnstgmji enrijtly tb tci dbvirmfimt auedit. Nm geentnbm tb tci fbmiy pliedie nmArussils, tci Nmtirmgtnbmgl Fbmitgry @ume gpprbvie `br Dibrdng g stgmeay prb-drgf b` fnllnbm tb abbst nts eiplitie risirvis. Uns gne gme lbgm pgjhgdi jusc-

nbmie Dibrdng `rbf tci wbrst i ijts b` tci dlbagl mgmjngl jrnsns (tci DE_ nmmindcabrnmd Grfimng, ay jbmtrgst, jbmtrgjtie pirjimt nm ). Zbfi gne wnlljbmtnmui. Dibrdng wbm g dbbe rgtnmd `br nts nfplifimtgtnbm b` tci fnllnbmY.Z. Fnllimmnuf Jcgllimdi prbdrgf aitwiim gme , wcnjc wgs fgnmlyusie tb aunle nm`rgstrujturi, gme nt ns lnhily tb sijuri gmbtcir Fnllimmnuf Jcgl-limdi jbfpgjt nm . Cbwivir, tci Dibrdngm dbvirmfimt wnll mbt rijinvi gdgnmtci and sufs nt wgs prbfnsie nm gme nt ns pbssnali tci risjui prbdrgf firilypbstpbmie en jult tnfis `br Dibrdng.


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J G Q M I D N I I M E B T F I M U @ B Q N M U I Q M G U N B M G L _ I G J I7?

Uci Ijbmbfy nm

Nm , tci Dibrdngm dbvirmfimt `gjis tci jcgllimdi b` g wbrsimnmd sbjnbijb-mbfnj pnjturi, kust gs nt ns imtirnmd g pirnbe b` pblntnjgl trgmsntnbm.

Fbst b` tci `brindm gssnstgmji pgjhgdi pliedie nm cgs aiim spimt. Unsplgjis g drigtir prnbrnty bm tci Dibrdngm dbvirmfimts miie tb gttrgjt @EN tb `uilijbmbfnj drbwtc. Bmi nmtirmgtnbmgl mgmjngl b jngl sgys, Glfbst ivirybmi sgysgme gdriis tcgt @EN ns tci rigl ln`ilnmi Dibrdng miies tb survnvi gme prbspir.Cbwivir, @EN cgs eijlnmie snmji , wcim nt rigjcie g pigh b` fbri tcgm anl-

lnbm. Nm , tci yigr b` jbm njt, nt eijlnmie tb . anllnbm gme tcim tb fnl-lnbm nm . Nm , `brindm nmvistfimt umeirwimt gmbtcir eijlnmi, b` pirjimt,tb fnllnbm.

Zbfi sijtbrs gri eivilbpnmd. Dibrdng bmji su irie `rbf gjuti imirdy prba-lifs, aut ns eivilbpnmd g strbmd cyerbilijtrnj sijtbr gme ns mbw g mit ixpbrtir b`pbwir, nmjluenmd tb Qussng. Ui dbvirmfimt ns glsb wbrhnmd cgre bm ixpgmenmd tcitburnsf sijtbrwcnjc, umlnhi tci imirdy sijtbr, jbule prbvnei fgmy kbas. Uiricgs aiim gm gfantnbus jbmstrujtnbm prbdrgf nm tci Algjh Zig jnty b` Agtufn, gmetciri gri plgms tb eivilbp tci fbumtgnmbus ridnbm b` Zvgmitn gs g shn risbrt. Cbw-

ivir, tburnsf ns g viry umprienjtgali sijtbr tcgt eipimes bm fgmy `gjtbrs aiybme gdbvirmfimts jbmtrbltb tghi bmi ixgfpli, tciri wgs mbt imbudc smbw nm Zvgmi-tn nm tb fghi `br g prbpir shn sigsbm. Zgghgscvnln prienjtie nm cns geerisstb pgrlngfimt bm @iarugry , , tcgt tci tburnsf ernvi wnll risult nm fnllnbmtburnsts jbfnmd tb Dibrdng nm , aut ene mbt sgy wcgt tci agsns wgs `br tcnsbptnfnstnj `brijgst.

Btcir ijbmbfnj trimes gri midgtnvi. Nm gtnbm tbppie pirjimt nm tci igrlyfbmtcs b` . Ui jurrimt gjjbumt ei jnt rifgnmie cndc, gt pirjimt. Ui lbm-dir-tirf sjgl pnjturi ns jlbueie ay g cigvy aureim b` ixtirmgl eiat tcgt stgmes gt

fbri tcgm anllnbm. Ui eiat prbalif ns g lbmd-tirf cigegjci `br Dibrdng. Gs


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nm tci rist b` tci `brfir Zbvnit Ymnbm, ebfistnj sgvnmds rgtis gri viry lbw. Nm lgti, tci jbumtrys ixtirmgl eiat stbbe gt pirjimt b` DE_. Fujc b` tci `br-

indm eiat ns nm prnvgti cgmes. Nm Gprnl , tci Dibrdngm dbvirmfimt nssuie vi- yigr Iurbabmes wbrtc fnllnbm tb prnvgti nmvistbrs. Grbume fnllnbm b` tcifbmiy igrmie wgs nffiengtily spimt bm tci Fnmnstry b` Eiìmsi, wcnli tci ri-fgnmnmd gfbumt wgs nmvistie nm sbvirindm wigltc ùmes. Cbwivir, tci dbvirm-fimt wgs `brjie tb ripgtrngti tci fbmiy nffiengtily g`tir tci Gudust wgr,gme gll tci fbmiy cge aiim spimt ay tci aidnmmnmd b` . Nm Fgrjc , tcidbvirmfimt sujjiieie nm rieiifnmd fbri tcgm pirjimt b` tcns eiat gme rinssuietim-yigr ebllgr abmes wntc tci cilp b` K. _. Fbrdgm gme Dblefgm Zgjcs. Ui nm-tirist rgti wgs g `gnrly cigltcy . pir-jimt. Uns cgs dbttim Dibrdng b tcicbbh b` g lbbfnmd ripgyfimt aut geeietb nts bvirgll eiat aureim.

Ui `brindm eiat gjjufulgtnbmpbsis g enliffg `br tci Dibrdngmdbvirmfimt nm tcgt nt wgmts tb hiip tciDibrdngm jurrimjy, tci lgrn, strbmd sbgs tb igsi eiat ripgyfimts nm ebllgrs, aut tcgt nm turm cbles agjh Dibrdngs wighixpbrt jgpgjnty. G wrntir `br tci Ijbmbfnst jbffimtie, Ui rigl jcgllimdi `brtci dbvirmfimt ns jlbsnmd tci jbumtrys cudi nfaglgmji aitwiim nfpbrts gme

ixpbrts. Jurrimtly nfpbrts butwindc ixpbrts ay g `gjtbr b` fbri tcgm `bur tb bmi.Nm , Dibrdngs tcrii fgnm ixpbrts wiri ìrrb-gllbys, (ri-ixpbrtie) vicnjlis, gmeìrrbus wgsti br sjrgpnm btcir wbres, sjrgp fitgl.

Dibrdngs sjgl prbalifs gme tci miie tb rgnsi rivimui glsb curt Dibrdngs rip-utgtnbm gs g ausnmiss-`rnimely imvnrbmfimt, wntc ripbrts tcgt tci dbvirmfimt nsjbmsnstimtly tgrditnmd ausnmissis nm breir tb rgnsi fbri ùmes. Uns prbvneis bmi ix-plgmgtnbm `br tci rijimt cndc-prb li jgsi b` tci Nsrgiln ausnmissfgm Qbmy @ujcs, wcb wgs kgnlie nm Gprnl `br b irnmd g arnai tb g Dibrdngm dbvirmfimt b jngl.@ujcs gme cns lgwyirs sgy cns grrist wgs tci risult b` g stnmd bpirgtnbm eisndmie tb

stbp tci Dibrdngm dbvirmfimt `rbf pgynmd g cigvy nmtirmgtnbmgl grantrgtnbm gwgre.

Dibrdngs sjgl prbalifs gme

tci miie tb rgnsi rivimui glsbcurt Dibrdngs riputgtnbm gs gausnmiss-`rnimely imvnrbmfimt.


17/57


UCI @YJCZ JGZIJBQQY_UNBM, AQNAIQ^, BQ IMUQG_FIMU2

Ucrii b` tci Dibrdngm dbvirmfimts en irimt gdimegstb gttrgjt `brindm nmvis-

tbrs tb Dibrdng, rgnsi rivimui, gme jrgjh ebwm bm jbrruptnbmcgvi gll jlgscie nm

kgrrnmd `gscnbm grbume tci jgsi b` tci Nsrgiln ausnmissfgm Qbmy @ujcs. @ujcs wgs

dnvim g sivim-yigr kgnl simtimji bm Gprnl 7, 1?77, ay g Uanlnsn jburt g`tir ainmd `bume

dunlty b` b irnmd g arnai tb g Dibrdngm dbvirmfimt b jngl nm Nstgmaul. @ujcs gme

cns lgwyirs sgy tcgt tci ausnmissfgm ns tci vnjtnf nm tci jgsi, gjjusnmd tci Dibr-

dngm dbvirmfimt b` imtrgppnmd @ujcs g`tir nt `gnlie tb pgy cnf gme cns Driih

pgrtmir gm grantrgtnbm gwgre b` migrly $7?? fnllnbm.

Uci pblntnjgl gme fbrgl jbfplixntnis b` tci stbry gri wbrtcy b` g Kbcm li Jgrr

mbvil. Nt egtis agjh tb tci igrly 7>>?s, wcim @ujcs wgs bmi b` tci rst nmvistbrs nm

g pnpilnmi prbkijt nm turaulimt pbst-nmeipimeimji Dibrdng. Ay 7>>0, anddir plgy-

irs, sujc gs tci bnl dngmt A_, cge imtirie tci imirdy fgrhit nm tci Jgujgsus, gme

tci Dibrdngm dbvirmfimt nssuie g eijrii jgmjilnmd gll privnbus jbmtrgjts nm tci

sijtbr, nmjluenmd tcgt b` @ujcs gme cns Driih pgrtmir, Nbgmmns Hgregssbpbulbs. Uci

twb fim eifgmeie rinfaursifimt, aut sujjissnvi Dibrdngm dbvirmfimts ri-

`usie tb pgy. Ivimtuglly, tci pgnr sbudct grantrgtnbm. Nm Fgrjc 1?7?, g Lbmebm pgmil

b` tci Nmtirmgtnbmgl Jimtri `br Zittlifimt b` Nmvistfimt Ensputis (NJZNE), gm g`-

lngti b` tci Tbrle Agmh, gwgreie tci twb fim jbfpimsgtnbm `rbf tci Dibrdngm

dbvirmfimt b` $>3 fnllnbm.

Uci Dibrdngm dbvirmfimt wgs `urnbus gt ainmd tble tb pgy `br g jbmtrgjt tcgt

cge aiim jgmjilie fbri tcgm g eijgei igrlnir umeir g privnbus gefnmnstrgtnbm

gme sbudct tb gppigl tci kuedfimt. Nm Ziptifair 1?7?, nt tcim trnie g fbri enrijt

gpprbgjc. Dibrdngm Eiputy @nmgmji Fnmnstir Gvtgmenl Hcgrgnezi nmvntie @ujcs tb

g fiitnmd nm Nstgmaul. Nm `bur cburs b` ensjussnbms, fujc jbdmgj wgs erumh gme

Hcgrgnezi imjburgdie @ujcs tb fghi g eigl. @ujcs gppgrimtly b irie tb pgy

Hcgrgnezi $4 fnllnbm nm riturm `br @ujcs gme cns pgrtmir rijinvnmd $41 fnllnbm b` tci

grantrgtnbm gwgre.

G fbmtc lgtir @ujcs rijinvie g pirsbmgl littir `rbf Dibrdngm _rnfi Fnmnstir

Mnhg Dnlgurn, nmvntnmd cnf tb Dibrdng `br g fiitnmd tb g ijt gm gfnjgali sblutnbm

b` tci fgttir. Ci gjjiptie tci nmvntgtnbm, iw tb tci Algjh Zig jnty b` Agtufn, gme

wgs prbfptly grristie bm jbrruptnbm jcgrdis. Uci Nstgmaul fiitnmd cge aiim g

stnmd bpirgtnbm, sijritly lfie ay tci Dibrdngm snei.

@ujcs eijneie tb dct tci jgsi. Ci cnrie twb tbp Tistirm gttbrmiys, `brfir

Tcnti Cbusi jbumsil Drid Jrgnd gme gfbus Lbmebm-agsie lgwyir Dib riy Qba-

irtsbm, wcb wrbti g lidgl bpnmnbm bm aicgl` b` @ujcs, grdunmd tcgt Hcgrgnezi cge


18/57

U C B F G Z E I T G G L D I B Q D N G Z J C B N J I Z 7:

jgrrnie but gm imtrgpfimt bpirgtnbm tcgt arigjcie tci Dibrdngm dbvirmfimts

balndgtnbms umeir tci Iurbpigm Jbmvimtnbm bm Cufgm Qndcts. @ujcss lgwyirs sgy

tcgt tcinr jlnimt wgs gpprbgjcie nm kgnl gme tble tcgt n` abtc ci gme Hgregssbpbulbsrimbumjie tcinr grantrgtnbm jlgnf, ci wbule ai riie.

Uci jgsi ns viry furhy. Enplbfgts nm Uanlnsn sgy tcgt ay wbrhnmd nm Dibrdng nm

tci 7>>?s, @ujcs wbule cgvi aiim gwgri tcgt ci wgs bpirgtnmd nm g rnshy gme li-

dglly gfandubus imvnrbmfimt. Uciy glsb spijulgti tcgt ci wbule cgvi cge g en -

jult tnfi fghnmd g ei`imsi gdgnmst tci arnairy jcgrdi nm jburt nm gmbtcir jbumtry.

Cbwivir, tci jnrjufstgmjis b` @ujcss grrist, gme tci pirsbmgl nmvblvifimt b` tci

prnfi fnmnstir nm pirsugenmd cnf tb jbfi tb Dibrdng, riijt agely bm tci Dibrdngm

dbvirmfimt. Uci jgsi ns glrigey cgvnmd pblntnjgl ripirjussnbms; G vnsnt tb Nsrgil ay

Dibrdngm pgrlngfimtgry spighir Egvne Aghrgezi wgs pbstpbmie gt tci riquist b`tci Nsrgiln dbvirmfimt, nm pgrt aijgusi b` @ujcs.

Bm simtimjnmd cnf, tci Dibrdngm kuedi tble @ujcs, wcb ns nm pbbr cigltc gme

nm cns snxtnis, tcgt ci ns ilndnali `br g pgrebm `rbf _risneimt Zgghgscvnln. Cns lgwyir

grduis tcgt ivim n` @ujcs ivimtuglly dbis `rii, tci Dibrdngm dbvirmfimt fgy stnll

`gji g lbsi-lbsi sntugtnbm, `br cgvnmd kgnlie cnf gme stnll `gjnmd tci nmtirmgtnbmgl

grantrgtnbm mi.

Uci nmjneimt cgs jirtgnmly jgusie age pualnjnty `br tci Dibrdngm dbvirmfimt.

Bmi Tistirm enplbfgt sgys, Tivi fgei tci pbnmt ripigtiely tcgt ybu jgm spime

fbmiy bm Ijbmbfnst gme JMM ges tcgt wnll dit ybu bmi lbbh. Gs pgrt b` tcgt lbbh,

tciy wnll tglh tbwgres pibpli ebnmd ausnmiss ciri. Gme n` tciy ebmt cigr gabut gm

bpim gme prienjtgali ausnmiss imvnrbmfimt, tciy wnll db sbfiwciri ilsi.

Plgenfir _gpgvg, g jbmsnstimt ijbmbfnj jrntnj b` tci dbvirmfimt, sufs up ntsgppgrimtly sjcnzbpcrimnj gttntuei tbwgre ausnmiss ay sgynmd, Ui `ggei b` Dibr-dngm ijbmbfy ns mib-lnairgl8 tci jbmtimt ns mib-Ablscivnh. Lbjgl ausnmissfimjbfplgnm tcgt, eispnti mbfnmglly lbw tgx rgtis, tciy `riquimtly su ir `rbf wcgtbmi anlnsn-agsie enplbfgt jglls pgrgllil tgx jbllijtnbm; umixpijtie rgnes ay tcitgx pblnji, wcb nfpbsi ergjbmngm mis `br wcgt ausnmissis sgy gri fnmbr nm`rgj-tnbms. rgmspgrimjy Nmtirmgtnbmgl Dibrdng lgails tci prgjtnji tgx tirrbrnsf. Ntlbbhs gs tcbudc, nm nts zigl tb ilnfnmgti g julturi b` tgx ivgsnbm gme jcigtnmd, tciDibrdngm dbvirmfimt cgs mbw dbmi tb tci bppbsnti ixtrifi. G Tbrle Agmhripbrt jbmjlueis,


19/57


Tcnli tciri wgs wneisprige rijbdmntnbm b` tci nfprbvifimt nm tciausnmiss imvnrbmfimt nm rijimt yigrs, nm tirfs b` tgxis, rie-tgpi, jbr-ruptnbm gme sb bm, bmi grig wciri nmvistbrs jbmtnmui tb me `gult wntctci dbvirmfimt ns nm tgx gefnmnstrgtnbm. Gjrbss sijtbrs, tciri ns g wneisprige pirjiptnbm tcgt tci tgx gutcbrntnis gri bvirly gddrissnvi nmlivynmd tgxis gme pimgltnis bm tcbsi jbfpgmnis tcgt gri ebnmd tcinraist tb jbfply8 gme tciy gri bvirly slbw nm prbjissnmd gppigls brrinfaursnmd PG .

Nm , fgmy ausnmisspibpli jbfplgnmie b` dbvirmfimt nmtirìrimji.Egvne Lii, jcgnrfgm b` tci Gfirnjgm Jcgfair b` Jbffirji nm Dibrdng gmedimirgl enrijtbr b` FgdtnJbf, g fgnmly Y.Z.-bwmie tilijbffumnjgtnbms jbfpg-my tcgt ns tci lgrdist prnvgti tgxpgyir nm tci jbumtry, prgnsie tci ri`brfs tcgt cgvi

fgei Dibrdng fbri ausnmiss-`rnimely bvir tci pgst ìw yigrs. Ti gri sb `gr gwgy`rbf wciri wi wiri, ci sgys. Jbrruptnbm ns mb lbmdir imeifnj. Nts nfpbrtgmttcgt wi ebmt pull tci rud `rbf umeir tci dbvirmfimts ìit. Gt tci sgfi tnfi,Lii ixprissie `rustrgtnbm gabut rijimt nmjneimts, nmjluenmd bmi nm wcnjc twb b` cnsifplbyiis wiri grristie ay fgshie pblnji gme kgnlie nm . Uiri gri `riquimt-ly jgsis wcim brenmgry ausnmiss gme jbffirjngl ensputis aijbfi tci rigsbm `breitimtnbm gme suasiquimt prissuri bvir tci ausnmissfgm, ci sgys. Lii glsb jbf-plgnmie tcgt tci tgx systif cgs aijbfi grantrgry gme umprienjtgali. G miw ixjnsitgx euty b` pirjimt bm drbss rivimui b` fbanli tilipcbmi jbfpgmnis, `br ixgf-

pli, wgs nmtrbeujie i ijtnvi Ziptifair , . Lii eisjrnaie tci fbvi gs um-prijieimtie gme ispijnglly umwiljbfi tb fgmgdifimt gme scgricbleirs `br ainmdnmtrbeujie cgl`wgy tcrbudc tci mgmjngl yigr, wcim ausnmiss plgms cge glrigeyaiim gpprbvie.

Ui gppbnmtfimt b` g miw tgx bfauesfgm, Dnbrdn _irtgng, nm igrly tb gr-antrgti ensputis aitwiim ausnmissis gme tci tgx gutcbrntnis wgs arbgely wiljbfie._irtgng ripbrtiely rivbhie g lgrdi mi eui tb ai nfpbsie bm tci @rimjc ariwnmdjbfpgmy Jgstil. Ui `gjt tcgt _irtgng wgs g `brfir gnei b` tci prnfi fnmnstirs gmeaidgm cns wbrh ay sgynmd tcgt Dibrdngs ausnmiss prbalifs wiri ixgddirgtie ene

mbt, cbwivir, rigssuri shiptnjs.


20/57


_bvirty nm Dibrdng

Dibrdng ns stnll g pbbr jbumtry, abtc nm gasbluti tirfs gme rilgtnvi tb fbst b` ntsmindcabrs (cgvnmd g _urjcgsnmd _bwir _grnty DE_ pir jgpntg b` , nm ).B` nts `brfir Zbvnit Iurbpigm mindcabrs, bmly Fblebvg ns pbbrir. Ivim g rilgtnvilysfgll ebwmturm jgm cgvi g sirnbus sbjnbijbmbfnj nfpgjt. Nm g Mbvifair surviy, pirjimt b` rispbmeimts sgne tcinr cbusicble ene mbt cgvi imbudc fbmiy`br `bbe gme pirjimt sgne tciy jbule g bre `bbe aut mbt jlbtcis. Nm g Fgrjc pbll jbffnssnbmie ay tci Mgtnbmgl Eifbjrgtnj Nmstntuti, rispbmeimts mgfie snx

ijbmbfnj prbalifs gfbmd tci tbp sivim pblntnjgl nssuis `br tcif, wntc kbas( pirjimt) gme rnsnmd prnjis ( pirjimt) ainmd tci fbst prissnmd jbmjirms.

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Zburji; Tbrle Agmh


21/57


B jnglly tci umifplbyfimt rgti cbvirs grbume pirjimt, aut tcns ebis mbtjbvir tci lgrdi mufair b` pibpli wcb lnvi bm suasnstimji `grfnmd, sjrgtjc tbditcirg pbbr sil`-ifplbyie lnvnmd, br lnvi b btcir dbvirmfimt aimi ts. Nm Mbvifair

, Zgghgscvnln jbmjieie tcgt gjjbrenmd tb dbvirmfimt egtg, pirjimt b`

anlnsn risneimts gri intcir tbtglly br pgrtnglly umifplbyie gme jgllie tcns g jgt-gstrbpcnjglly cndc duri. JQQJs lgtist surviy dnvis gm ivim drnffir pnjturi,rijbrenmd tcgt bmly pirjimt b` rispbmeimts eisjrnaie tcifsilvis gs cgvnmd g `ull-br pgrt-tnfi kba.

Ui Tbrle Agmhs _bvirty Gssissfimt Qipbrt `br tcrbws sbfi lndct bmtcisi duris. Nt mbtis,

Tcnli tci gvirgdi rigl igrmnmds nm tci ijbmbfy cgvi nmjrigsie mb-tnjigaly snmji , tcns ene mbt jbmtrnauti fujc tb pbvirty rieujtnbm. Ui fgnm rigsbms `br tcns gri; (g) jbfpricimsnvi ijbmbfnj gme pualnj

sijtbr ri`brfs snmji cgvi sb `gr risultie nm tci scieenmd b`lgabrkba eistrujtnbm surpgssie kba jrigtnbm8 gme (a) tcbsi sijtbrstcgt ene ridnstir gm nmjrigsi nm ifplbyfimt gme/br wgdis (`br ixgf-pli, jbmstrujtnbm, mgmjngl sirvnjis, fnmnmd, pualnj sijtbr) gjjbumt `brbmly g fnmbr scgri b` bvirgll ifplbyfimt.

Znmji tci Qbsi Qivblutnbm, nmiquglntnis cgvi eiipimie aitwiim tbwm gme jbum-try. _irsnstimt rurgl pbvirty ns mbw Dibrdngs eiipist sbjnbijbmbfnj prbalif. Ui Tbrle Agmh surviy mbtis tcgt pbvirty nm tci jbumtrysnei gjjbumts `br pirjimtb` tci bvirgll tbtgl. Ui suastgmtngl lgabr fndrgtnbm `rbf Dibrdng tb Qussng gme urhiy ns fbstly `rbf rurgl grigs. Gdrnjulturgl ifplbyfimt gjjbumts `br pirjimt

Fbst Nfpbrtgmt Mgtnbmgl Nssuis

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22/57


b` tbtgl ifplbyfimt aut ns fbstly sil`-suasnstimt, gme nmjbfis cgvi rnsim nm tcijbumtrysnei gt g fujc lbwir rgti tcgm nm uragm grigs. Ui prbalif ns ispijngllygjuti nm wcgt ns hmbwm gs tci MbrtcirmFbumtgnm Grj mbrtc gme igst b` anln-sn, tci ridnbms b` Zcneg Hgrtln, Ftshcitg-Ftngmitn, gme Hghcitn.

Dibrdng ns prbue b` nts rurgl trgen-tnbms. Grbume cgl` b` Dibrdngs pbpu-lgtnbm stnll lnvis bm tci lgme, gme fgmyuragm Dibrdngms ritgnm lnmhs tb gmjistrgl vnllgdis gme bwm lgme br prbpirty tciri.Nm Zbvnit tnfis, Dibrdng ixpbrtie `bbe tb fujc b` tci Zbvnit Ymnbm. Nm tci igrly

s, lgme prnvgtnzgtnbm cgmeie but sfgll plbts tb fnllnbms b` `grfirs nm g prbkijt

tcgt wgs iquntgali gme sgvie fgmy `rbf cumdir aut glsb fgei `br g systif b` nm-i jnimt suasnstimji `grfnmd. Znmji Zgghgscvnln jgfi tb pbwir, tci sntugtnbm lbbhstb cgvi dbttim wbrsi. Aitwiim gme , tci gfbumt b` jultnvgtie lgme ei-jrigsie ay pirjimt, gme livils b` wcigt prbeujtnbm erbppie ergfgtnjglly `rbf

, tbms tb , tbms. Eispnti tci mufair b` Dibrdngms lnvnmd bm tci lgme,dbvirmfimt ixpimenturi bm gdrnjulturi nm wgs liss tcgm pirjimt b` tbtglauedit spimenmd, gt kust fnllnbm DIL (grbume fnllnbm)liss tcgm cgl` b` wcgt wgs gllbjgtie `br tci prnsbm systif. Ui risults b` tcns sntugtnbm jgm ai siimbm tci scilvis b` g anlnsn supirfgrhit, wciri tciri ns fbri fnlh `rbf Yhrgnmi

gme Ailgrus tcgm `rbf Dibrdng, gme wciri urhnsc tbfgtbis gri bm sgli. Uns ri-ijts tci `gjt tcgt fbri tcgm pirjimt b` Dibrdngs `bbe ns nfpbrtiesbfitcnmdtcgt `uilie cndc `bbe nm gtnbm nm .

Nm , tci prisneimt `br tci rst tnfi sndmglie tcgt gdrnjulturi scbule ai g prn-brnty sijtbr nm tci ijbmbfy, glbmd wntc nm`rgstrujturi gme tburnsf. Eijlgrnmd tciri wgs g miie tb turm tci jbumtrys fienivgl gdrnjulturi sijtbr nmtb tci gdrnjulturi b`tci st jimtury, ci prbfnsie ixtrg dbvirmfimt spimenmd br gdrnjulturi wbrtc fnllnbm DIL (grbume fnllnbm), will nm ixjiss b` tci jbm rfie auedit `br . Gt tci sgfi tnfi, tci bppbsntnbm pgrty b` Nrghln Glgsgmng lgumjcie g strgtidy `br

gdrnjulturi, sndmglnmd tcgt tcns wnll ai g agttlidrbume nssui nm tci ilijtnbms. Auttciri ns mb igsy sblutnbm tb tci prbalif. Ixpirts wgrm tcgt nt ns umriglnstnj tb ixpijtg qunjh turmgrbume nm g sijtbr wciri prbeujts miie yigrs tb drbw. @br tci sijtbr tbaijbfi fbri i jnimt, tci sfgll plbts wbule miie tb ai jbmsblnegtie nmtb anddirbmis, wcnjc wbule ernvi fgmy sfgll `grfirs b tci lgme.

_irsnstimt rurgl pbvirty ns mbwDibrdngs eiipist sbjnbijbmbfnjprbalif.


23/57


UCI DIBQDNGM IJBMBF^ NM G DLGZZ B@ TNMI

Uci iles grbume Kufair Hcutsnscvnlns grfcbusi stritjc nmtb tci enstgmji. Uci cb-rnzbm ns pumjtugtie ay gm ble fienivgl jcurjc pirjcie bm g rbjh gme `rgfie ay

smbwy fbumtgnms. Aut ìw b` tci iles gri jbvirie nm vnmis. Uci wnmi nmeustry nm

Hghcitn, g aigutnùl igstirm ridnbm b` Dibrdng tcgt cgs aiim fghnmd wnmi `br jimtu-

rnis, pircgps fnllimmng, cgs su irie agely nm tci lgst ìw yigrs.

Hcutsnscvnln cnfsil` ns pbsntnvi. Lnì ns dbbe aijgusi wi cgvi lgme gme imbudc tb

ìie ivirybmi, ci sgys. Uci sfgll jbfpgmy mgfie Imnsiln tcgt ci wbrhs `br hiips

cnfsil` gme cns sbms ausy gme cgs prbeujie :?,??? abttlis b` wnmi. Znmji tci Qus-

sngm ifagrdb b` 1??0 cnt tci Dibrdngm wnmi fgrhit, Imnsiln gme btcir rfs lnhi

nt cgvi aunlt g miw fgrhitnmd strgtidy; ebwmsnzi prbeujtnbm aut rgnsi stgmegres.Yhrgnmi gme Ailgrus gri tci anddist fgrhit, gme Imnsiln wnmis, bmi b` wcnjc cgs wbm

g pristndnbus Dble Fiegl, mbw rigjc g ìw supirfgrhits nm tci Ymntie Ztgtis.

Dibrdngs wnmi nmeustry, bmi b` nts fgnm ixpbrts gme argmes `br tci butsnei wbrle,

cnt g turmnmd pbnmt nm Fgrjc 1??0. Uci Qussngm dbvirmfimt agmmie abtc Dibrdngm

wnmi gme fnmirgl wgtir bm tci lidglnstnj drbumes tcgt tciri wgs g and prbalif wntc

`ghi prbeujts bm tci fgrhit. Aut tci fbvi cge g jligr pblntnjgl jbmtixt; Fbsjbw cge

pblntnjgl drnivgmjis wntc Dibrdng gme hipt nfpbrtnmd euanbus prbeujts `rbf `rnime-

lnir jbumtrnis. Uci nffiengti risults `br Dibrdng wiri jgtgstrbpcnj. Nm 1??9, Qussng

cge nfpbrtie glfbst >? pirjimt, br grbume 91 fnllnbm abttlis, b` Dibrdngs wnmi. Zue-

eimly tci anddist fgrhit ensgppigrie. Hghcitns swiit rie wnmis cge trgentnbmglly

aiim erumh glfbst ixjlusnvily ay QussngmsQussngm wbfim nm pgrtnjulgrgme mbw

cge mbwciri tb db. Nm 1?7? Dibrdng ixpbrtie kust 7? fnllnbm abttlis b` wnmi.

Qussng wgs g cudi fgrhit. Nt wgs bur fgnm fgrhit mbt kust `br wnmi, aut `br gl-

jbcblnj spnrnt, Hcutsnscvnln sgys. Uciri wgs bmi `gjtbry ciri wcnjc prbeujie 0,???

tbms b` drgpis g egy. Uciri usie tb ai vnmiygres ivirywciri grbume ciri. Mbw wi

cgvi tb lbbh `br g miw fgrhit. . . . Zb nt wgs g and albw. Aut nt figmt tci `brdirs wimt

nmtb btcir ausnmiss. Mbw wi tghi liss `rbf bmi cijtgri, aut nts aittir quglnty. Mb

bmi auys tci pbbr quglnty stu .

Dibrdngm wnmi ns gt tci `bri`rbmt b` agrdgnmnmd aitwiim Dibrdng gme Qussng bvir

Fbsjbws ane tb kbnm tci Tbrle Urgei Brdgmnzgtnbm (TUB). Uci Ymntie Ztgtis gme

IY suppbrt tci fbvi, wcnjc jbule prbvnei Tistirm jbfpgmnis wntc anllnbms b` ebl-

lgrs b` ixtrg ausnmiss. Aut Dibrdng, gs g TUB fifair, cgs tci jgpgjnty tb albjh

Qussngs gjjissnbm gme ns, umsurprnsnmdly, usnmd tcgt livirgdi bvir nts mindcabr gme

gevirsgry. Dibrdngm b jngls sgy tcgt ln`tnmd tci wnmi ifagrdb wbule mbt ai imbudc

nm ntsil` tb rifbvi tcinr bakijtnbms gme sgy tcgt tci wnmi nmeustry ns mbw rijbvirnmd

will bm nts bwm.


24/57

U C B F G Z E I T G G L D I B Q D N G Z J C B N J I Z 7>

Fujc b` Hghcitn, Dibrdngs prnfi wnmi-prbeujnmd ridnbm, wbule prbagaly mbt ai

sb sgmdunmi. Uci ifagrdb jbst tcbusgmes b` pibpli tcinr kbas. Hghcitn usie tb ai

bmi b` tci rnjcist rurgl `grfnmd grigs nm Dibrdng, aut g Tbrle Agmh stuey nm 1??>istnfgtie tcgt 50.: pirjimt b` nts pbpulgtnbm wgs lnvnmd nm pbvirty, fghnmd nt tci

sijbme-pbbrist ridnbm nm Dibrdng.

Uciri ns g anddir, umspbhim nssui ciri; N` tci Qussngm fgrhit wiri tb ribpim tb

Dibrdng bm `gvbrgali tirfs, nt jbuletcgmhs tb prbxnfnty, ble jbmmijtnbms, gme tci

lgrdi Dibrdngm engspbrg nm Qussngcgvi g cudily pbsntnvi i ijt bm tci Dibrdngm

ijbmbfy.

Nm tci figmtnfi, Imnsilns anddist prbalif ns wntc tci Dibrdngm dbvirmfimt, mbt

tci Qussngm bmi. Nm Ziptifair 1?7?, scbrtly ai`bri tci wnmi cgrvist, Dibrdngm tgx b -

jngls imtirie tci jbfpgmys b jis, `rbzi nts gjjbumts, gme eifgmeie tcgt Imnsiln pgy gmi b` 4??,??? DIL ($519,???)g suf su jnimt tb agmhrupt tci ausnmiss. Uci wnmi-

drbwirs bakijtie tcgt tci tgx eipgrtfimt cge fgei g aurigujrgtnj fnx-up. G`tir vnd-

brbus jbfplgnmts ay tci jbfpgmys Y.Z. nmvistbr, tci mi wgs lbwirie tb 9?,??? DIL,

aut gs b` tcns wrntnmd tci fgttir cgs mbt aiim jligrie up.

Tcgtivir tci rndcts gme wrbmds b` tci tgx ensputi, rurgl Dibrdng jirtgnmly miies

fbri sujjiss`ul wnmi ausnmissis, lnhi tcns bmi. Uci fgp tb tci sbutc b` Hcutsnsc-

vnlns `grf ns ebttie wntc tci mgfis b` sbfi b` Dibrdngs bleist gme fbst `gfbus

wnmis; Hnmezfgrguln, Fuhuzgmn, Usnmgmegln. Aut tci lbbh b` tci vnllgdi b` Pgmtg ns

liss tcgm dlbrnbus. Nt cgs bmly bmi scbp wntc g figdir grrgy b` prbeujts. Butsneitci scbp, g drbup b` umifplbyie br umeirifplbyie fim erissie nm drgy gme algjh

ns fnllnmd grbume. Bm g arnjh wgll migray ns tci syfabl b` tci Mufair 9 nm g jnrjli.

Nt wgs tci mufair bm tci agllbt `brf `br tci dbvirmnmd pgrty, tci Ymntie Mgtnbmgl

Fbvifimt, nm tci lgst pgrlngfimtgry ilijtnbm gme jgm ai siim gll bvir rurgl Dibrdng.

Uci fim jbfplgnm tcgt tciri ns glfbst mb wbrh nm tci wnmi nmeustry. Uciy sgy

tcgt tci prnjis b` sudgr, tig, gme `uil cgvi scbt up aut tcgt drgpis gri stnll `gr tbb

jcigp. Fy `gtcir gme arbtcir sime rifnttgmjis `rbf Fbsjbw. Aut viry rgrily, sgys

Egtb. Uci dbvirmfimt fghis prbfnsis aut tciy kust tglh, tglh, tglh. Btcirs nm tci

jrbwe vbnji jbfplgnmts gabut tci dbvirmfimt, ai`bri Egtb jbfis agjh nm, sgynmd,Uciy sgy tcgt mbw, aut gt tci mixt ilijtnbm, tciy wnll gll vbti `br Zgghgscvnln.

Uciri ns lgudctir.


25/57

J G Q M I D N I I M E B T F I M U @ B Q N M U I Q M G U N B M G L _ I G J I1?

G Bmi-_grty Ztgti2

Dibrdng umeir _risneimt Zgghgscvnln cgs umebuatiely fbeirmnzie aut mbt mijis-sgrnly eifbjrgtnzie. Dbvirmfimt ns strbmdir aut mbt mbtnjigaly fbri bpim br tblir-gmt. G rgmdi b` nmenjgtbrs b` eifbjrgjy cgs umeirdbmi lnttli jcgmdi bvir tci pgst`iw yigrs, wntc sivirgl cgvnmd eijlnmie.

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26/57


27/57


Ui dbvirmnmd ilnti jbffgmes tci pblntnjgl eiagti nm lgrdi pgrt aijgusi nt cgstci suppbrt b` Dibrdngs tcrii fgkbr tilivnsnbm jcgmmils, Qustgvn- , Nfien- P, gme P Jcgmmil , tci Dibrdngm pualnj arbgejgstir. Ui twb fbst pbwir`ul jcgmmils,Qustgvn- gme Nfien- P, gri prnvgtily rum, gme tcinr bwmirscnp ns bpgquigl-tcbudc lidnslgtnbm pgssie nm Gprnl ns nmtimeie tb nfprbvi tcgt ay agmmnmd tcibwmirscnp b` tilivnsnbm jbfpgmnis ay b scbri jbfpgmnis. Qustgvn- cgs spimt yigrs

umeir tci jbmtrbl b` twb b scbri jbfpg-mnis. Ui bwmirscnp b` Nfien- P ns gmivim fbri jbfplix stbry. Nt wimt `rbfainmd Dibrdngs fgnm bppbsntnbm jcgm-mil nm tb ainmd nts fbst prb-dbvirm-fimt butlit. Nm Fgrjc , Nfien- Pmbtbrnbusly arbgejgst g `ghi miws prb-drgf, suddistnmd tcgt Qussng wgs nmvge-nmd Dibrdng, prbvbhnmd pgmnj gt tci tnfigme siviri nmtirmgtnbmgl jrntnjnsf lgtir.

Nfien- P nssuie gm gpblbdy8 nts enrijtbr, Dnbrdn Grvilgezi, g `brfir jganmit fnm-nstir gme pblntnjgl glly b` tci prisneimt, risnstie jglls `br cns risndmgtnbm.

Angs nm miws jbvirgdi ns liss ivneimt nm Dibrdng tcgm nm btcir pbst-Zbvnitstgtis, aut tci fgnm miws arbgejgsts mbmitciliss dnvi strbmd gme fbstly `gvbrgalijbvirgdi tb tci gjtnvntnis b` tci prisneimt gme dbvirmfimt. Ui Nmtirmgtnbmgl

Jrnsns Drbup wrntis, Ui pcrgsi nt jgfi ebwm `rbf gabvi cgs aijbfi pgrt b` kburmglnsts prnvgti vbjgaulgry. Gmbtcir fgkbr prbalif ns tcgt fgmy kburmglnstsjbmsneir tcinr kba sijurnty ns eipimeimt upbm sil`-jimsbrscnp, wcitcir tciy wbrh`br prb- br gmtn-dbvirmfimt butlits.

Ui tcrii fgnm jcgmmils glsb jgrry tci aulh b` tilivnsnbm gevirtnsnmd, wcnjc nmturm ns vnrtuglly fbmbpblnzie ay bmi jbfpgmy, Dimirgl Fieng, wcnjc mbw jbm-trbls pirjimt b` tci fgrhit. Miwspgpir ientbr gme fieng ixpirt Lgscg u-duscn qubtis duris scbwnmd tcgt nm tci rst indct fbmtcs b` , tci ligenmdtcrii tilivnsnbm jcgmmils, Qustgvn- , Nfien- P, gme P Jcgmmil , spimt fnl-

lnbm DIL ( fnllnbm) but b` tci tbtgl gevirtnsnmd ixpimenturi b` fnllnbm DIL( fnllnbm). Uns cgs nfplnjgtnbms `br tci `brtcjbfnmd ilijtnbms. Nm tci fumnj-npgl ilijtnbms b` , glfbst pirjimt b` tci ixpimenturi b` grbume fnllnbm wgs jgrrnie but ay tci prb-dbvirmfimt Ymntie Mgtnbmgl Fbvifimt. Fbst b` tcgtfbmiy wgs spimt bm tilivnsnbm gevirtnsnmd.

Dibrdng ebis cgvi gltirmgtnvi sburjis b` nm`brfgtnbm bm tilivnsnbm. Fgistrb, gjgali jcgmmil fbri syfpgtcitnj tb tci bppbsntnbm, sjriims miws jbvirgdi mndctly,gltcbudc nt ebis mbt arbgejgst fujc butsnei anlnsn. Gmbtcir prb-bppbsntnbmjcgmmil, Hgvhgsng, trgmsfnts bmly tb tci jgpntgl. Abtc stgtnbms su ir `rbf g lgjh

b` `umes gme spimt liss tcgm fnllnbm DIL bm gevirtnsnmd nm tci rst indctfbmtcs b` . Ui Dibrdngm _ualnj Arbgejgstirs Zijbme Jcgmmil P ns glsb gm

Uci dbvirmnmd ilnti jbffgmestci pblntnjgl eiagti nm lgrdi pgrt

aijgusi nt cgs tci suppbrt b`

Dibrdngs tcrii fgkbr tilivnsnbmjcgmmils.


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U C B F G Z E I T G G L D I B Q D N G Z J C B N J I Z 1 :

gltirmgtnvi butlit `br nm`brfgtnbm, cgvnmd aiim jbmvirtie nmtb wcgt cgs aiim ei-sjrnaie gs g Dibrdngm J-Z_GM. Nt sjriims miws jbm`irimjis gme btcir pblntnjglivimts b` gll pgrtnis. Fgmy brenmgry Dibrdngms, cbwivir, jbfplgnm tcgt tciy fnsstci tilivnsie tglh scbws wntc lnvily pblntnjgl eiagti tcgt wiri jcgrgjtirnstnj b` tciZcivgremgezi irg.

Eispnti tcinr rilgtnvily jbf`brtgali pbsntnbm, tci dbvirmnmd ilnti gt tnfisensplgys g viry nmtblirgmt strigh tbwgre jrntnjs `rbf tci anlnsn nmtillndimtsng gmeilsiwciri. Fgmy Dibrdngms spigh b` g ybu gri intcir wntc us br gdgnmst us gttn-tuei gdgnmst jrntnjs br tcbsi wcb gri gssbjngtie wntc g privnbus gefnmnstrgtnbm. Zivirgl ixpirts jrntnjgl b` tci dbvirmfimt wcb wiri nmtirvniwie `br tcns ripbrtgll b` wcbf gri will ridgreie nm tci Tist gme gri nmvntie tb jbm`irimjis tcirisgne tcgt tciy cge mbt gppigrie bm gmy b` tci tcrii fgnm jcgmmils nm sivirgl yigrs.

Bmi b` tcif, _ggtg [ghgrinscvnln, kbhnmdly sgne tcgt ci cge aiimujcvimiailn bm tcitcrii fgnm jcgmmils `br tci pgst vi yigrs, ixplgnmnmd tcgt Zgghgscvnln cge usietcns wbre, figmnmd umscbwgali, gabut cnfsil` wcim ci wgs nm bppbsntnbm umeirZcivgremgezi.

Ui prnji b` tcns fgstiry b` tci pualnj ensjbursi ns wcgt bmi Tistirm ixpirtjglls gm gjjbumtganlnty dgp gme trgmspgrimjy dgp nm Dibrdng bm tci pgrt b` tcidbvirmfimt gme prisneimt. Eijnsnbms gri tghim nm g viry umtrgmspgrimt `gsc-nbm. @br ixgfpli, tci umixpijtie gme ixpimsnvi eijnsnbm tb jbmstrujt g miw pgr-lngfimt aunlenmd nm Dibrdngs sijbme jnty b` Hutgnsng eijnsnbm tcgt, miieliss tb

sgy, ns umpbpulgr nm tci jgpntgl anlnsnwgs fgei wntc lnttli jbmsultgtnbm gme sbfislindct b` cgme. Wuistnbms gabut tci mgmjnmd b` tci prbkijt wiri rgnsie aut mbtgmswirie. Zivirgl ixpirts sii tci fbvi b` tci pgrlngfimt gwgy `rbf anlnsn nmntsil` gs ainmd g sndm tcgt tci dbvirmfimt ns siihnmd tb gvbne gjjbumtganlnty. Jir-tgnmly tci jgpntgl wgs tci bmly plgji nm Dibrdng wciri g fgkbrnty b` ilijtbrs vbtiegdgnmst Zgghgscvnln gme `br tci bppbsntnbm jgmenegti, Livgm Dgjcijcnlgezi, nm tci

ilijtnbm. Zgys gmglyst [ghgrinscvnln, Zgghgscvnln wgmts tb fghi anlnsn g ei-pblntnjnzie jnty. Hutgnsn ns tci ligst pblntnjnzie jnty nm Dibrdng. Nm anlnsn pibpli gshen jult quistnbms.


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Ixtrifi Breir

Ui jbmtrgenjtnbms b` Zgghgscvnlns miw Dibrdng gri hiimist nm tci spciri b` lgwim`brjifimt gme kustnji. Cgvnmd jbfi tb pbwir nm g jbumtry jcgrgjtirnzie ay jbr-ruptnbm gme wneisprige jrnfnmglnty, Zgghgscvnln rst imtnrily riscgpie tci blepblnji `brji gme tcim ifpbwirie nts sujjissbr tb spigrcige g zirb tblirgmjipblnjy bm jrnfi. Ui fgnm im`brjirs b` tcns pblnjy gri twb jlbsi gssbjngtis b` tciprisneimt, wcb gri wneily ridgreie gs ainmd tci fbst pbwirùl b jngls nm Dibrdngg`tir Zgghgscvnln cnfsil`; Nmtirnbr Fnmnstir Pgmb Firganscvnln gme Kustnji Fnmnstir

[urga Geinscvnln. Firganscvnln cgs cile tci sgfi pbst snmji Eijifair , g rgriduri b` jbmtnmunty nm g dbvirmfimt wciri fgmy fnmnstirs cgvi jbfi gme dbmi. Geinscvnln cgs cile vgrnbus pbsts nm tci dbvirmnmd ilnti aut glwgys rifgnmie nmZgghgscvnlns nmmir jnrjli.

Ymeir Firganscvnlns dunegmji, jrnfi rgtis cgvi `gllim nm Dibrdng. Livils b`striit jrnfi, jgr tci`t, gme fureir cgvi gll erbppie. _blls scbw tci pblnji cgvi gcndc eidrii b` pualnj suppbrt. Cbwivir, tciri gri jbmjirms tcgt pblnji b jngls wnile pbwir tcgt fghis tcif pblntnjglly umgjjbumtgali. Nm tci IurbpigmJburt b` Cufgm Qndcts riauhie tci Dibrdngm dbvirmfimt `br bastrujtnmd kustnji

nm g mbtbrnbus jgsi nm wcnjc pblnji b jirs wiri gjjusie b` fureir.

Gt tci sgfitnfi, tci zirb tblirgmji pblnjy bm jrnfi cgs swillie tci prnsbm pbpulgtnbm `rbf, nm tb , nm . Ugt fghis Dibrdng tci stgti wntc tci `tc-cndcist

prnsbm pbpulgtnbm pir jgpntg nm tci wbrle. _rnsbm bvirjrbwenmd ns g fgkbr prba-lif, gme tci pualnj eiìmeir jbfplgnmie tcgt nm , prnsbmirs cge enie nm kgnl, g scgrp nmjrigsi `rbf tci yigr ai`bri. Zivirgl pibpli wiri eitgnmie g`tir prb-tistnmd jbmentnbms nm Dibrdngm kgnls nm twb sipgrgti eifbmstrgtnbms nm anlnsn nmFgrjc gme Gprnl .

Ui kuenjngl systif ns jurrimtly strbmdly windctie gdgnmst eiìmegmts. Gmybmi

prbsijutie nm g jrnfnmgl jgsi nm g Dibrdngm jburt ns cndcly umlnhily tb ai gjqunttie.


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Nm anlnsn Jnty Jburt nm , tci gjqunttgl rgti wgs . pirjimt, br gjqunttglsbut b` , jrnfnmgl jgsis cigre. Fbri tcgm cgl` tci jgsis ai`bri Dibrdngm jburtsgri mbw sittlie ay tci systif b` plig agrdgnmnmd. Eiìmegmts midbtngti wntc tciprbsijutbr gme dimirglly ime up pgynmd g mi nm riturm `br g rieujie simtimji br mbsimtimji gt gll. Nm tci mis risultnmd `rbf plig agrdgnmnmd gfbumtie tb fbritcgm fnllnbm DIL ( . fnllnbm). Zuppbrtirs b` tci systif sgy tcgt nt ns i -jnimt, sgvis tnfi, gme privimts ivim drigtir kgnl bvirjrbwenmd. Gs rgmspgrimjy Nm-tirmgtnbmgl mbtis nm g eitgnlie ripbrt bm tci nssui, cbwivir, Lgjh b` trgmspgrimjyridgrenmd tci jgljulgtnbm b` tci riqunrie mi gme tci gfbumt b` nfpbsie gme jbl-lijtie mis liges tb wneisprige suspnjnbm tbwgres prbsijutbrs gme plig agrdgnmnmdnm dimirgl.

Ui dbvirmfimt cgs ifagrhie bm g prbjiss b` kuenjngl ri`brf tcgt prbfnsis tb

jbrrijt sbfi b` tcisi gws. Kury trngls, nmntnglly `br cbfnjneis gme tcim pbtimtnglly`br btcir jrnfnmgl jgsis, gri sit tb ai nmtrbeujie, wcnjc wnll gee gm nfpbrtgmtilifimt b` gjjbumtganlnty nmtb tci jrnfnmgl prbjiss. Ymeir tci miw jbmstntutnbm, kuedis wnll ai gppbnmtie `br lnì, g fbvi gpprbvie ay tci Jbumjnl b` IurbpisPimnji Jbffnssnbm. Ui jbffnssnbm ixprissie jbmjirm, cbwivir, wntc tciriqunrifimt tcgt kuedis ai mbfnmgtie ay tci prisneimt, sgynmd nt ebis mbt siiftb ai g dbbe fijcgmnsf wntc g vniw tb dugrgmtiinmd tcinr nmeipimeimji gme glsbjrntnjnzie tci prbvnsnbm tb dnvi kuedis g tcrii-yigr prbagtnbmgry pirnbe aijgusisittnmd prbagtnbmgry pirnbes jgm umeirfnmi tci nmeipimeimji b` kuedis, snmji

tciy fndct ìil umeir prissuri tb eijnei jgsis nm g pgrtnjulgr wgy.

Uns pblntnjgl julturi b` ixtrifi breir glsb cgs gm ijbmbfnj enfimsnbm. Uirins g wneisprige pirjiptnbm tcgt tci dbvirmfimt cgs sit tci rulis b` ausnmiss prgj-tnji tb sunt nts bwm nmtirists. ZivirglDibrdngm mbmdbvirmfimtgl brdgmnzg-tnbms (MDBs) cgvi ripbrtie gm gllidiegausi b` nmenvneugls prbpirty rndcts nmplgjis wciri tci dbvirmfimt cgs g enrijtnmtirist, sujc gs tci miw tburnst risbrts

b` Gmghlng, Agtufn, gme Zvgmitn. Fbriarbgely, fgmy Dibrdngm gmglysts glliditcgt fujc b` Dibrdngm ausnmiss ns stnlljbmtrbllie ay b jngls gme pblntnjgllyjbmmijtie durisgltcbudc nm g fujc fbri ensjriit fgmmir tcgm nm privnbustnfis. N` sb, tcns ns g strbmd ensnmjimtnvi `br tci ebfnmgmt pblntnjgl drbup nm Dibr-dng tb scgri pbwir gme fghi tci systif fbri trgmspgrimt. @br bavnbus rigsbms,tcns ns g viry basjuri tbpnj. _ut snfply, tciri ns lnttli pualnj nm`brfgtnbm gabut wcbbwms lgrdi sijtnbms b` Dibrdngm ausnmiss gme fieng, gme viry lnttli jgm ai prbvie

bmi wgy br tci btcir. Aut abtc lbjgl basirvirs gme `brindm jbffimtgrnis, sujc gs

Fujc b` Dibrdngm ausnmiss nsstnll jbmtrbllie ay b jngls gmepblntnjglly jbmmijtie durisgltcbudc nm g fujc fbri ensjriitfgmmir tcgm nm privnbus tnfis.


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32/57


Fbeilnmd Dibrdng

Gs nt siihs g lbmd-tirf eivilbpfimt fbeil, Dibrdng cgs g mufair b` jcbnjis.Mbtcnmd nm Dibrdngs vgrnie cnstbry gme fultnpli julturgl nm uimjis prieitirfnmisgm gmswir. _risneimt Zgghgscvnln cgs aiim jcgrgjtirnstnjglly ixtrgvgdgmt nm prienjt-nmd g arndct ùturi `br cns jbumtry gme jntnmd g mufair b` btcir jbumtrnis gs ùturistgti fbeils. Igjc jntgtnbm ri ijts g en irimt jbmstntuimjy gme g en irimtpcnlbsbpcnjgl gpprbgjc tb Dibrdngs ùturi.

b fghi g viry sjcifgtnj enstnmjtnbm, tcrii fbeils `br Dibrdng stgme but gs tci

jbrmirs b` g trngmdli pbnmtnmd tci jbumtry nm en irimt enrijtnbms.

Ble Dibrdng

@gfnly vgluis _gtrnbtnsf Qilndnbm

Znmdgpbri

Nmvnsnali cgme b` fgrhit

Igsi b` ebnmd ausnmiss Fnmnfgl dbvirmfimt

Iurbpigm Ymnbm

Qidulgtie fgrhits Qndbrbus stgmegres Eifbjrgtnj gjjbumtganlnty

Ui wcbli b` Dibrdngnts

tifplis, nts vgluis gmetrgentnbms, nts mgtnbm8 tcns nsbur trigsuri cbusi.

_gtrngrjc Nlng NN

Ti wnll sill ivirytcnmd,

ixjipt bur jbmsjnimji. Hghcg Aimeuhnezi

N gf Dibrdngm, tciri`bri N gf Iurbpigm.

[urga [cvgmng

Dibrdngs Fbeils


33/57


Ui rst jcbnji jbule cgrely ai jgllie g fbeil gme stgmes `br wcgt jgm lbbsilyai jgllie Ble Dibrdng. Nt riprisimts tci jbumtrys trgentnbmgl vglui systif gme ble wgy b` jbmeujtnmd rilgtnbmscnps gme ebnmd ausnmiss. Ui pcnlbsbpcnjgl gpprbgjcaicnme tcns neig ns tcgt Dibrdng ns gm gmjnimt jnvnlnzgtnbm tcgt scbule mbt ai jbr-ruptie ay `brindm nm uimjis. Nts fbst ilbquimt spbhisfgm ns tci cige b` tci Dibr-dngm Brtcbebx Jcurjc, _gtrngrjc Nlng NN, wcb spighs b` Dibrdng gs g trigsuricbusi. Nm ci wgrmie ybumd Dibrdngms mbt tb ynile tb tci tifptgtnbm b` lnvnmdgarbge gme tb risnst tci egmdir b` dlbaglnzgtnbm.

Ui jurrimt dbvirmnmd ilnti ns sbjnglly lnairgl gme Tistirm-ieujgtie gme mbtjlbsi tb tci jcurjc. Zgghgscvnln pgys eui rispijt tb tci pgtrngrjc gme cge cns sbm

agptnzie. Nm Gudust , gttimenmd gjirifbmy wntc tci pgtrngrjc, tci prisn-

eimt sgne, Bur stgticbbe gme `gntc ns nm-envnsnali. Ciri ns bur pgtrngrjc, ci ns bursyfabl b` bur nmvnmjnanlnty. Cbwivirsuatirrgmigm timsnbms aitwiim tci dbv-irmnmd ilnti gme tci jcurjc bjjgsnbmgl-ly jbfi tb tci sur`gji bvir g vgrnity b`nssuis, wcitcir nt ai tci sbjngl fbris b` ybumd pibpli, ieujgtnbm ri`brf, br ri-

lgtnbms wntc Qussng. Uns ri ijts tci `gjt tcgt nm fbeirm Dibrdng tci Brtcbebx

Jcurjc ns pircgps tci bmly nmstntutnbm tcgt cgs tci gutcbrnty tb jcgllimdi tci dbv-irmfimt, glaint fgnmly bm sijbmegry nssuis. Nlng NN, wcb cgs aiim tci pgtrngrjcsnmji , ns vnrtuglly umtbujcgali gme imkbys gpprbvgl rgtnmds nm sbjnity b` grbume

pirjimt. Tntc gll eui rispijt tb wcgt ns nmeiie gm ble gme rnjc jnvnlnzgtnbm nm Dibrdng,

tcns pcnlbsbpcy b irs tci jbumtry lnttli wcim nt jbfis tb plbttnmd nts ijbmbfnj brpblntnjgl `uturi. Nm ausnmiss tirfs, Ble Dibrdng ns scbrtcgme `br jlbsie `gfnlymitwbrhs gme ijbmbfnj stgsns. _blntnjglly spighnmd, tcns gpprbgjc cgs gssbjngtnbms wntc Dibrdngs `iuegl pgst br, fbri rijimtly, tci ensgstrbus mgtnbmglnst prisneimjy

b` [vnge Dgfsghcureng nm , wcim Dibrdngs fnmbrnty jbffumntnis `gjieitcmnj ensjrnfnmgtnbm. Ui sijbme fbeil prbkijts Dibrdng gs g cua `br ausnmiss, g plgji hiim tb gttrgjt

ausnmisspibpli b` gll hnmes gs lbmd gs tciy nmvist tcinr fbmiy. Nts fbst `gfbus ix-pbmimt ns tci Dibrdngm ausnmissfgm gme ijbmbfnj duru Hghcg Aimeuhnezi, wcb wgs tci fgnm ernvir b` ri`brfs aitwiim gme gme fbri rijimtly `bumeie anlnsns @rii Ymnvirsnty.

Aimeuhnezi ns g lnairtgrngm wcb ailnivis nm tci nmvnsnali cgme b` tci fgrhit,fnmnfgl dbvirmfimt, gme fgxnfuf eiridulgtnbm. Nm Kumi , bm cns grrnvgl nm

Nm fbeirm Dibrdng tci BrtcbebxJcurjc ns pircgps tci bmly

nmstntutnbm tcgt cgs tci gutcbrntytb jcgllimdi tci dbvirmfimt,

glaint fgnmly bm sijbmegry nssuis.


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U C B F G Z E I T G G L D I B Q D N G Z J C B N J I Z 1>

anlnsn tb tghi up cns miw pbsntnbm, ci `gfbusly eijlgrie, Ti wnll sill ivirytcnmd,ixjipt bur jbmsjnimji.

Ci fgstirfnmeie tci fgss prnvgtnzgtnbm b` stgti gssits, tci slgscnmd b` aurigu-

jrgjy gme rie tgpi, tci gablntnbm br fgss rieujtnbm b` dbvirmfimt gdimjnis, gmetci nmtrbeujtnbm b` Dibrdngs cypir-lnairgl lgabr lgws gme lbw tgxis. Uisi pblnjnis wiri lgrdily rispbmsnali `br tci lgrdi nm ux b` @EN nmtb Dibrdng nm .

Aimeuhnezi ns mbw but b` pbwir gme liss nm uimtngl tcgm privnbusly. Eispntitcns, fgmy b` cns pupnls gri stnll nm dbvirmfimt gme cns spnrnt lnvis bm nm tci vnsnbm,ispbusie imtcusngstnjglly ay Zgghgscvnln, b` Dibrdng gs g wbule-ai Znmdgpbri. Ui prisneimts riìrimjis tb Znmdgpbri egti tb , wcim ci glsb jntie Euagn gmeCbmd Hbmd gs fbeils. Nm Fgrjc ci tble gm guenimji nm Agtufn tcgt Dibr-dng wgs fbvnmd tbwgre aijbfnmd tci Zwntzirlgme b` tcns ridnbm wntc ilifimts b`

Znmdgpbri.

Nm gll jgsis tci riìrimji wgs tb g plgji tcgt cge ìw mgturgl risburjisaut umeirwimt rgpne ijbmbfnj drbwtc ay nmtrbeujnmd g lnairgl, nmvistbr- rnimelyausnmiss imvnrbmfimt.

Znmdgpbri ns, lnhi Dibrdng, g sfgll jbumtry wntc ìw mgturgl risburjis gme gmglfbst neimtnjgl pbpulgtnbm b` . fnllnbm. Bavnbus en irimjis ixnst, tcbudc. Znm-dgpbri ns agsnjglly g jnty-stgti, wcnli Dibrdng rifgnms g lgrdily gdrgrngm jbumtry.Znmdgpbri cgs g viry lgrdi gme strbmd jnvnl sirvnji, fujc b` tci ijbmbfy ns stgti-bwmie, gme nt cgs gm glfbst purntgmnjgl julturi b` cgre wbrhmbmi b` wcnjc jgmai sgne tb ai trui b` Dibrdng. Ui jbfpgrnsbm ns fbst jbmtrbvirsngl aijgusi Znm-

dgpbri cgs g pbbr eifbjrgtnj rijbre gme cgs aiim dbvirmie ay tci sgfi pgrty `brfbri tcgm cgl` g jimtury. Wuistnbmie fbri gme fbri gabut tcns, Zgghgscvnln cgsjlgrn ie cns fissgdi. Ci mbw riìrs tb Dibrdng gs g Iurbpigm br eifbjrgtnjZnmdgpbri. Nm cns Fgrjc spiijc nm Tgscnmdtbm, Zgghgscvnln sgne tcgt Znmdg-pbri wgs g fbeil aijgusi b` nts eymgfnj ijbmbfy. Ci sgne, Tcim wi gri tglh-nmd gabut Znmdgpbri wi ebmt figm, gs N sgne, tcgt wi gri agmmnmd jciwnmd duf br will gppbnmt pgrlngfimt fifairs, aut wi gri lbbhnmd gt tcinr pimsnbm ùmes viryjgriùlly. Ti gri lbbhnmd gt tci wgy tciy stnfulgti nmvistfimt nm en irimt iles bìjbmbfy tcrbudc sbfi hnme b` nmjimtnvis tcgt tci dbvirmfimt dnvis gme tcrbudc

lnairgl ijbmbfnjs. Ti gri lbbhnmd gt tcif gs ainmd, ybu hmbw, nm g viry cbstnlidibpblntnjgl imvnrbmfimt. Ui ernvi `br Znmdgpbrnzgtnbm wgs dnvim nfpitus ay Dibrdngs stiip jlnfa nm

tci Tbrle Agmhs Igsi b` Ebnmd Ausnmiss Nmeix, sbfitcnmd tcgt wgs gdgnm fgstir-fnmeie ay Aimeuhnezi gs ci ergstnjglly snfpln ie tci ridulgtnbms riqunrie tb bpimg ausnmiss nm Dibrdng. Znmdgpbri ntsil` ns nm rst plgji nm tcns nmeix, wcnli Dibr-dng cgs rnsim tb twil`tc plgji, sbfitcnmd tcgt spurrie g wbrlewnei gevirtnsnmdjgfpgndm `br nmvistfimt nm Dibrdng tcgt jcgfpnbms tci jbumtry gs Ui wbrlesmufair bmi ri`brfir . Bmi drbups sujjiss stbry ns, cbwivir, gmbtcir

drbups jgusi `br jbfplgnmt. Ui cndc rgmhnmd stifs nm lgrdi pgrt `rbf tci


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J G Q M I D N I I M E B T F I M U @ B Q N M U I Q M G U N B M G L _ I G J I:?

Dibrdngm dbvirmfimts ixtrifily ifplbyir-`rnimely lgabr lgws, wcnjc gllbw ausn-missis tb ri wbrhirs igsnly gme nmcnant trgei umnbm rndcts. b tci IY gme tciYmntie Mgtnbms Nmtirmgtnbmgl Lgabr Brdgmnzgtnbm, tcisi lgws gri ensjrnfnmgtbry tb wbrhirs. Dibrdng rnshs ainmd strnppie b` sbfi b` nts nmtirmgtnbmgl trgei prnvnlidisn` nt ebis mbt rivnsi nts lgabr lgws.

Ui Igsi b` Ebnmd Ausnmiss Nmeix ns g smgpscbt b` kust bmi gspijt b` tci fgmy`gjtbrs gme ridulgtnbms tcgt fghi g jbumtry jbfpitntnvi gme nmvistfimt-`rnimely. G fbri jbfpricimsnvi surviy ns tci Tbrle Ijbmbfnj @brufs Dlbagl Jbfpitn-tnvimiss Nmeix, wcnjc dnvis g arbgeir pnjturi b` g jbumtrys ausnmiss imvnrbmfimt.Ciri Zwntzirlgme ns nm rst plgji gme Znmdgpbri tcnre. Dibrdng jbfis nm gt mnmity-tcnre plgji. Nt dits g viry cndc sjbri `br lgjh b` ridulgtnbms gme prbdrissnvi tgx rgtisaut rgtis agely bm prbpirty rndcts, kuenjngl nmeipimeimji, gme prbtijtnbm b` fnmbr-

nty scgricbleirs nmtiristsgm nmenjgtnbm b` cbw tci dbvirmfimts cgme ns fujccigvnir tcgm nts lnairgl ijbmbfnj riputgtnbm suddists.

Igsi b` Ebnmd Ausnmiss

Dlbagl Jbfpitntnvimiss

Grfimng 53>3

71>:

Dibrdng

7593>Yhrgnmi

71:0:Qussng

09

07Uurhiy

95

94Gziragnkgm

74::

Istbmng

7:

Znmdgpbri

147Zwntzirlgme

Dlbagl Jbfpitntnvimiss Nmeix Zburji; Tbrle Ijbmbfnj @bruf

Tbrle Agmh Igsi b` Ebnmd Ausnmiss Zburji; Tbrle Agmh

Tbrle Agmh Igsi b` Ebnmd Ausnmiss 1?77 &Dlbagl Jbfpitntnvimiss Nmeix 1?7?1?77

Nmtirmgtnbmgl rgtnmd


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U C B F G Z E I T G G L D I B Q D N G Z J C B N J I Z :7

Uci Iurbpigm Jcbnji

G tcnre eivilbpfimt fbeil `br Dibrdng ns prbvneie ay Iurbpi, gltcbudc Iurb-pigmnzgtnbm bavnbusly tghis fgmy `brfs gme tci neig miies tb ai ixgfnmie nm fbrieitgnl. Dibrdng `gjis tci jcgllimdi tcgt nt neimtn is ntsil` gs g Iurbpigm jbumtryaut cgs mb prbspijt b` IY fifairscnp. Ugt nm turm rgnsis tci quistnbm b` cbwArussils gme Dibrdng jgm `brdi g futuglly aimi jngl rilgtnbmscnp.

Dibrdngms fghi g strbmd ifbtnbmgl jbffntfimt tb tci neig b` Iurbpi.Dibrdng kbnmie bmi nfpbrtgmt Iurbpigm nmstntutnbm, tci Jbumjnl b` Iurbpi, nm

. Zpighnmd tb tci _grlngfimtgry Gssifaly b` tci Jbumjnl b` Iurbpi bm tciegy b` gjjissnbm, Dibrdngs ligenmd ri`brfir b` tci egy, pgrlngfimtgry spighir[urga [cvgmng, `gfbusly sgne, N gf Dibrdngm, tciri`bri N gf Iurbpigm. UiJbumjnl b` Iurbpi gebptie gs nts gd tci syfabl b` twilvi dbleim stgrs bm g aluiagjhdrbume nm , lbmd ai`bri tci Iurbpigm Ymnbm ene. Uns gllbwie _risneimtZgghgscvnln, gs tci prisneimt b` g Jbumjnl b` Iurbpi stgti, tb pir`brf tci slindct b`cgme b` cgvnmd tci Iurbpigm gd cumd nm `rbmt b` Dibrdngm pualnj aunlenmds wcimci jgfi tb pbwir nm .

Nm cns spiijcis, Zgghgscvnln tglhs gabut Iurbpi nm tirfs b` jnvnlnzgtnbm, jul-

turi, gme cndc stgmegres b` aicgvnbr. Nm tci prisneimts rst nmgudurgl geeriss nm, ci sgne b` tci Iurbpigm gd, Uns gd ns g Dibrdngm gd gs will, gs `gr gsnt ifabenis bur jnvnlnzgtnbm, bur julturi, issimji b` bur cnstbry gme pirspijtnvi,gme vnsnbm b` bur ùturi. Zpighnmd nm Gprnl , gs ci eipgrtie `br tci MG Bsuffnt nm Aujcgrist, Zgghgscvnln lbbhie tb tci enstgmt pgst, sgynmd, Tcim wispigh gabut tci Iurbpigm ùturi b` Dibrdng, wi fust umeirstgme tcgt tcns nsmbt bmly tbegys jcbnji8 bur gmjistbrs jcbsi Iurbpi `rbf gmjnimt tnfis gme ei-

mie nt, gs bur jbfpgss. Iurbpigm gme Dibrdngm jnvnlnzgtnbms gri sb nmtirtwnmietcgt nt ns en jult tb eitirfnmi wcitcir Iurbpi ns bur rbbts br bm tci jbmtrgry.

Ui prisneimt riìrrie tb gmjnimt grjcgiblbdnjgl ensjbvirnis bm Dibrdngm sbnl gmeprbuely sgne tcgt fienjnmi wgs mgfie g`tir tci gmjnimt Dibrdngm quiim Fieig.


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J G Q M I D N I I M E B T F I M U @ B Q N M U I Q M G U N B M G L _ I G J I:1

it gt tcns tnfi, tci Ymntie Ztgtis wgs g fujc fbri nfpbrtgmt pgrtmir `brZgghgscvnlns Dibrdng. Tgscnmdtbm wgs Dibrdngs fgnm pblntnjgl, ijbmbfnj, gmesijurnty pgtrbm. Bmi IY b jngl sgys tcgt nm cns ixpirnimji, prb-Gfirnjgm sim-tnfimts gri stnll viry strbmd nm tci dbvirmfimt; N` tciy jbule cgvi tci Ztgrs gmeZtrnpis gabvi anlnsn, tciy wbule cgvi nt. Ui IY ns tcinr sijbme-aist jcbnji.

Bmly rijimtly cgs tci IY aijbfi fbri b` g egnly prisimji nm Dibrdngmslnvis. Nm tci IY gs g wcbli fgei g drigtir jbffntfimt tb Dibrdng g`tirtci Gudust wgr, simenmd tci Iurbpigm Ymnbm Fbmntbrnmd Fnssnbm tb fbmntbrtci gefnmnstrgtnvi abumegrnis b` Gahcgzng gme Zbutc Bssitng gme tcim, nm ,lgumjcnmd tci Igstirm _grtmirscnp prbkijt `br snx b` nts igstirm mindcabrs, Dibrdngnmjlueie. Ui Igstirm _grtmirscnp cgs glrigey eilnvirie bmi nfpbrtgmt risult `brDibrdngms; igsnir gme jcigpir vnsgs `br sivirgl jgtidbrnis b` pibpli wnscnmd tb vnsnt

tci IY.

ZUN@@IMNMD G _G_IQ _GQUMIQZCN_

Uci Iurbpigm Ymnbms Igstirm _grtmirscnp (Ig_) wgs lgumjcie nm 1??> tb dnvi

drigtir nmstntutnbmgl strimdtc tb Arussilss rilgtnbmscnp wntc snx b` nts `brfir Zbvnit

mindcabrs tb tci igst; Ailgrus, Yhrgnmi, Fblebvg, Gziragnkgm, Dibrdng, gme Grfimng.

Uci `gjt tcgt nm Qussngm, wcnjc ns stnll tci lnmdug `rgmjg b` tci snx jbumtrnis, tci snx

`brf gm gjrbmyf tcgt riges AYFGDG, br pgpir, jgm ai jgllie gm um`brtumgti jb-

nmjneimji. Uci neig ns tb aunle g prbkijt b` wcgt cgs aiim jgllie imlgrdifimt-lnti.

Ucisi jbumtrnis cgvi mb prbspijt b` IY fifairscnp (gt ligst nm tci mixt eijgei)

aut gri b irie sbfi b` tci aimi ts b` g jlbsir rilgtnbmscnp wntc tci IY, sujc gs vnsg

lnairglnzgtnbm gme trgei prnvnlidis nm riturm `br g jbffntfimt tb ri`brf tcinr bwm nm-

stntutnbms gme fgrhits.

@umenmd `br tci prbkijt ns rilgtnvily fbeist, tcbudc mbt nmsndmn jgmt `br tci

jbumtrnis jbmjirmie. Uci Ig_ sgys tcgt `rbf 1?7? tb 1?7: nt wnll gllbjgti 0?? fnl-

lnbm fbri `br tci snx jbumtrnis tcgm wgs prbfnsie igrlnir. Uci `bjus ns gs fujc bm

sbjnity gs bm tci stgti. Nm gm gjhmbwliedfimt tcgt fgmy mbmdbvirmfimtgl drbups

nm tcisi jbumtrnis gri fbri prb-Iurbpigm tcgm tci dbvirmfimts tcifsilvis, tci

Ig_ glsb istgalnscie g pirfgmimt Jnvnl Zbjnity @bruf.

Gs wntc fbst IY ixtirmgl nmntngtnvis, tci Ig_ riijts g kuddlnmd b` tci en irimt

prnbrntnis b` tci 14 fifair stgtis. Uci Ig_ rums nm pgrgllil tb tci Ymnbm `br tci Fien-

tirrgmigm, wcnjc b irs sbfi b` tci sgfi nmjimtnvis tb tci IYs sbutcirm mindcabrs.

@br bavnbus rigsbms, Fientirrgmigm jbumtrnis sujc gs @rgmji, Ntgly, gme Zpgnm gri

fbri `bjusie bm tci sbutcispijnglly nm tci wghi b` tci 1?77 Grga sprnmdwcnli


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U C B F G Z E I T G G L D I B Q D N G Z J C B N J I Z ::

jbumtrnis sujc gs _blgme gme Zwieim (tci jb-grjcntijts b` tci Igstirm _grtmirscnp)

gme tci tcrii Agltnj stgtis rifgnm fbri nmtiristie nm tci pbst-jbffumnst Igst.

Uci drbupnmd b` snx viry en irimt jbumtrnis glsb prisimtie Arussils wntc g pblnjyjcgllimdi. Fblebvg gme Yhrgnmi cgvi `gr fbri nmtirist nm IY nmtidrgtnbm tcgm eb

Gziragnkgm gme Ailgrus, abtc b` wcnjc cgvi fbvie nm g fbri riprissnvi enrijtnbm

snmji tci Ig_ wgs `bumeie. IY b jngls grdui, cbwivir, tcgt tci fultnlgtirgl gp-

prbgjc cgs `bjusie fnmes nm fifair stgtis gme tcgt gjcnivifimts sujc gs vnsg

`gjnlntgtnbm `br Fblebvg, Yhrgnmi, gme Dibrdng wbule mbt cgvi aiim sb gttgnmgali

wntcbut tci arbgeir `rgfiwbrh b` tci Ig_. Uci vnsg gdriifimt sndmie wntc Dibrdng,

wcnjc jgfi nmtb `brji bm Fgrjc 7, 1?77, ns g suastgmtngl prnzi. Nt fghis nt fujc igsnir

gme jcigpir `br fgmy jgtidbrnis b` Dibrdngms, sujc gs tcbsi wntc `gfnly nm tci IY,

ausnmisspibpli, sjnimtnsts, stueimts, gme kburmglnsts, tb vnsnt fbst IY jbumtrnis.Uciri ns, cbwivir, drbwnmd jbmjirm tcgt tci Ig_ ns tbb tijcmnjgl gme ebis mbt su`-

jnimtly tghi nmtb gjjbumt tci and pblntnjgl riglntnis b` tcisi jbumtrnis, sujc gs pblntn-

jgl riprissnbm gme sfbleirnmd jbmnjts. Ucns ns ligenmd tb g rivniw b` tci pblnjy nm

1?77 gme tci slbdgm b` fbri `br fbritci neig tcgt n` tci pgrtmirscnp jbumtrnis eb

fbri, tciy wnll eisirvi gme dit fbri `umes `rbf Arussils. Tntc tcns jbfis gm um-

stgtie jbrbllgry b` liss `br liss. Uci neig wgs grtnjulgtie ay _blnsc @brindm Fnmnstir

Qgeih Znhbrshn nm Arussils nm Fgrjc 1?77.

Till, N ailnivi tcgt wivi rum but b` stigf bm tci fbeil tcgt arbudct us nm Jim-

trgl Iurbpi nmtb tci IY. Gme tci fbeil wgs tcns; Ti dnvi ybu g viry lgrdi jgrrbt

fifairscnpgt tci ime b` g druilnmd pirnbe b` ri`brf, wcnjc riqunris g sbrt b`

mgtnbmgl basissnbm bm tci pgrt b` tci jgmenegti jbumtrnis. Znmji wi gri mbt pri-

pgrie tb dnvi tcgt and prbfnsi tb tci Igstirm _grtmirscnp jbumtrnis, wi scbule

jrigti g systif b` sfgll jgrrbts spgjie but nm symjc wntc tcinr pblntnjgl jglimegrs,

sb tcgt pgrtnjulgr dbvirmfimts gri nmjimtnvnzie tb fghi ri`brfs `rbf wcnjc tciy

tcifsilvis jgm aimi t. Gme tcns riqunris g fbri pblntnjgl gpprbgjc. 5:

Uci sijbme Igstirm _grtmirscnp suffnt, eui tb ai cile nm Ziptifair 1?77 nm

Tgrsgw, wnll ai tci rst tist b` tcns fbri prbgjtnvi pcnlbsbpcy.

Dbvirmfimt b jngls sgy tcgt Zgghgscvnln cgs mbw rfly fgei g eijnsnbm nm`gvbr b` jlbsir nmtidrgtnbm wntc tci Iurbpigm Ymnbm. Dndg Abhirng sgys, Uirins mb btcir imvnrbmfimt. Uiri ns mb btcir `gfnly wi jgm fbvi tb. brmnhi Dbr-egezi, g ybumd Dibrdngm sjcblgr wcb lnvie nm @rgmji `br fgmy yigrs gme wcb wgs gppbnmtie eiputy `brindm fnmnstir nm wntc rispbmsnanlnty `br midbtngtnbms wntc tci IY, sgys, Nt tbbh bmi br twb yigrs tb `brfulgti IY pblnjy. Ui IY ns g

prnbrnty mbw. Uiri ns mb fbri ensjussnbm tb sgy wi ebmt miie tci IY. Nm typn-jglly gfabygmt `gscnbm, tci prisneimt mbw fimtnbms tci prbspijt b` Dibrdngm


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fifairscnp nm tci IY, ivim tcbudc nt ns mbt bm tci tgali nm ensjussnbms wntc Arus-sils. Nm Tgscnmdtbm, E.J., nm Fgrjc , ci sgne g fifairscnp prbspijt wgs mbtsb `gr gwgy.

Uiri gri stnll and quistnbm fgrhs gabut wcgt tcns jbffntfimt figms nm prgj-tnji. _ualnj gttntueis nm Dibrdng tbwgre Iurbpi ri ijt tci prisneimts jnvnlnzgtnbmglrcitbrnj, ainmd abtc umriglnstnjglly bptnfnstnj gme rgtcir `uzzy. Nm g pbll, fbritcgm cgl` b` Dibrdngms cgrabrie umriglnstnj cbpis gabut IY fifairscnp; grbume gtcnre b` rispbmeimts ailnivi tcgt Dibrdng wnll ai rigey tb kbnm tci Iurbpigm Ymnbmnm liss tcgm vi yigrs, gme g `tc tcnmh tcgt tci jbumtry wnll ai rigey nm vi tb tim yigrs. Ndmbrgmji gabut tci IY ns vgst. Nm tci pbll, g `tc b` rispbmeimts tcbudcttcgt Dibrdng wgs glrigey g fifair b` tci Iurbpigm Ymnbm, wcnli pirjimt nmjbr-rijtly sgne tcgt Dibrdng wgsmbt g fifair b` tci Jbumjnl b` Iurbpi. Gshie gabut

tci IYs Igstirm _grtmirscnp prbdrgf, bmly pirjimt b` rispbmeimts jbrrijtly gm-swirie tcgt nts purpbsi wgs pblntnjgl gme ijbmbfnj nmtidrgtnbm wntc tci IurbpigmYmnbm. Fbri rispbmeimts tcbudct tcgt tci gnf b` tci Igstirm _grtmirscnp wgs tciristbrgtnbm b` tirrntbrngl nmtidrnty br IY fifairscnp.

Fbribvir, tci neig b` Dibrdng gs gm gmjnimt Iurbpigm jnvnlnzgtnbm ebis mbtsiif tb trgmslgti nmtb fbeirm Iurbpigm gttntueis bm sbjngl, sixugl, br dimeirnssuis. Ui JQQJ surviys glsb suddist tcgt fgmy Dibrdngms stnll cble viry trg-entnbmgl gttntueis gabut en irimt itcmnj drbups gme tci rbli b` wbfim, gme gricbstnli tb cbfbsixuglnty gme six ai`bri fgrrngdi.

Nt ns g pnjturi wntc fgmy mugmjis. @br ixgfpli, tci sgfi nm uimtngl neiblbdn-jgl drbup tcgt ns ultrg-lnairgl nm nts sbjngl gme ijbmbfnj butlbbh ns glsb viry Iurb-shiptnjgl wcim nt jbfis tb rilgtnbms wntc Arussils. Bmi b` tci ligenmd lnairtgrngm

tcnmhirs, Livgm Qgfnscvnln b` tci Lna-irty Nmstntuti, cgs lnhimie kbnmnmd tciIY tb auynmd g tnjhit bm tci ntgmnj. Trntnmd nm Lnairty Nmstntutis fgnmpualnscnmd butlit, gaulg fgdgznmi,gmbtcir fifair b` tcns drbup, Fnhcinl

gvhcilnezi, wrbti, Ui IurbpigmYmnbm tbegy ns mbtcnmd fbri tcgm nmstn-tutnbmglnzie eivilbpie sbjnglnsf. Fbri-bvir tci neiblbdy b` sbjnglnsf, nm tci

bpnmnbm b` tci fbeirm Iurbpigm aurigujrgjy, ns balndgtbry mbt bmly `br fifairsb` tci Iurbpigm Ymnbm aut `br gll tci mindcabrs, nmjluenmd us.

b suffgrnzi, fbst Dibrdngms tghi tcinr jui `rbf Zgghgscvnln nm ridgrenmdIurbpi gs g sigt b` julturi gme trgentnbmgl vgluis, aut tciy gri fujc liss jligrgabut wcgt tci fbeirm IY stgmes `br. Ui Iurbpigm Ymnbm riprisimts fbri b`

g gd br g syfabl tcgm nt ebis g spijn j ijbmbfnj gme pblntnjgl fbeil br g sit b`sbjngl mbrfs.

Uci Iurbpigm Ymnbm riprisimtsfbri b` g gd br g syfabl tcgmnt ebis g spijn j ijbmbfnj gme

pblntnjgl fbeil br g sit b`sbjngl mbrfs.


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IY wgs tci aist fbeil. Nt wbule gjcnivi g mbtgali rieujtnbm nm tci pirjinvie rnshprifnuf bm nmvistfimt, ri ijtnmd g sustgnmie ri-argmenmd b` Dibrdng gs g `gvbr-gali gme sgì plgji tb nmvist gme jbule prbvnei Dibrdng geentnbmgl gmmugl drbwtcb` fbri tcgm pirjimt.

Ui cgrfbmnzgtnbm prbjiss `br g EJ@ G ns bmirbus aut `glls will scbrt b` ei-fgmenmd tcgt g jbumtry gebpt tci tims b` tcbusgmes b` pgdis b`gjquns jbffumgu-tgnri riqunrie `br ùll fifairscnp nm tci IY. Ui prbjiss ns gmtnjnpgtie tb ai lbmd.@brfgl midbtngtnbms gri ixpijtie tb tghi fbri tcgm twb yigrs, gme tcim g trgmsn-tnbm pcgsi tb ùll nfplifimtgtnbm b` tci gdriifimt jbule lgst tim yigrs.

Arussils lgumjcie midbtngtnbms `br g EJ@ G wntc Yhrgnmi nm , aut tciycgvi prbjiieie viry slbwly gme pgnmùlly, ispijnglly snmji tci ilijtnbm b` g miwdbvirmfimt nm Hniv nm . IY b jngls sgy tcinr age ixpirnimji wntc tci dbvirm-

fimt nm Hniv ns g fgkbr rigsbm tcgt tciy eijneie tb put fbri jbmentnbmglnty gt tciaidnmmnmd b` tci prbjiss, eifgmenmd tcgt anlnsn stgrt tci prbjiss b` ridulgtbry gp-prbxnfgtnbm ai`bri `brfgl midbtngtnbms bm g EJ@ G gri ivim lgumjcie. Ti wgmttb ai suri tciy gri bm g dbbe trgjh gme tcgt tciy ebmt agjhtrgjh, sgys bmi IY b`-

jngl. Ti miie dbbe nmsurgmji. Ui rst tglhs gabut tglhs aitwiim Arussils gmeDibrdng tbbh plgji nm , aut `br twb yigrs viry lnttli prbdriss wgs fgei. Nm tcifigmtnfi, Fblebvg prbvie tb ai fbri imtcusngstnj gme cgs wbm g riputgtnbm nmArussils gs tci fifair b` tci snx-jbumtry Igstirm _grtmirscnp fbst rigey `br IYnmtidrgtnbm.

Ui riqunrifimts fgei ay Arussils jbvir `bur fgnm grigs; tijcmnjgl agrrnirs tbtrgei8 sgmntgry gme pcytbsgmntgry figsuris nm gdrnjulturi8 jbfpitntnbm pblnjy8 gmenmtillijtugl prbpirty rndcts. Uiy riqunri tci Dibrdngm dbvirmfimt tb pgss miwlidnslgtnbm gme sit miw ridulgtnbms, gll nm tci mgfi b` rgnsnmd Dibrdngm prbeujts tbIurbpigm stgmegres gme gllbwnmd tcif nmtb tci IY snmdli fgrhit. @br twb yigrs,glfbst mbtcnmd wgs ebmi nm tcisi grigs, aut tcim sbfi prbdriss wgs fgei gt tciime b` gme tci aidnmmnmd b` . Dibrdng istgalnscie g miw `bbe stgmegresgdimjy (tci ble bmi cgvnmd aiim gablnscie nm umeir tci Aimeuhnezi ri`brfs),gme tci rst vitirnmgry nmspijtnbms wiri fgei b` `grfs. G miw jbfpitntnbm gdimjy

wgs glsb jrigtie, gltcbudc lidnslgtnbm umeirpnmmnmd nt cge mbt aiim pgssie.Nm tci sprnmd b` , tglhs wiri stnll ergddnmd but gme tci twb sneis ixjcgmdierijrnfnmgtnbms bvir wcy tcns wgs tci jgsi. Bmi b` tci Dibrdngm dbvirmfimts twbfgnm trgei midbtngtbrs, Pghctgmd Lizcgvg, ixprissie bptnfnsf tcgt gll en irimjis wbule ai bvirjbfi nm , aut ci jbfplgnmie tcgt cns dbvirmfimt wgs ainmdgshie tb cnt g fbvnmd tgrdit.

Ui Dibrdngms jbfplgnm tcgt tci IYs Enrijtbrgti Dimirgl `br rgei ebis mbtumeirstgme tcinr gspnrgtnbms gme ns jbmjirmie bmly wntc and ijbmbfnis sujc gsJcnmg gme Nmeng. Dibrdngm b jngls cgvi glsb gmdirie IY b jngls ay suddistnmd

pualnjly tcgt Arussils fgy ai ergddnmd nts ìit aijgusi nt wgmts tb pusc Dibrdng


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U C B F G Z E I T G G L D I B Q D N G Z J C B N J I Z :4

nmtb erbppnmd nts bakijtnbms tb Qussngs ane tb kbnm tci Tbrle rgei Brdgmnzgtnbm.Ti cbpi tcgt ns mbt trui, aut wi gri wbrrnie gabut tcgt, sgne Abhirng.

Iurbpigm b jngls ixpriss jbmjirms tcgt tci Dibrdngm snei ns bmly dbnmd

tcrbudc tci fbtnbms b` stgrtnmd midbtngtnbms `br pblntnjgl rigsbms aut wntcbut wnsc-nmd tb fghi g lbmd-tirf jbffntfimt. Uns, tciy sgy, ns wcy tciy miie tb scbwfbri ivneimji b` nmstntutnbmgl ri`brf. Gs bmi IY b jngl put nt, @br tcif tcistgrt b` nfplifimtgtnbm ns wcgts nfpbrtgmt. @br us nts rst gjtnbm gjjbfplnscie. Gmbtcir IY b jngl sgne, Ti wbrry tcgt tciy gri kust nmtiristie nm stgrtnmd tcimidbtngtnbms aijgusi nt wnll gttrgjt @ENaut mivir gjtuglly jbmjluenmd tcif. Gprb-Iurbpigm Dibrdng ixpirt, Hghcg Dbdblgscvnln, ijcbis tcisi ìgrs, sgynmd b`tci dbvirmfimt, Uiy miie EJ@ G fbri gs g pblntnjgl lgail.

G stuey ay tci Jimtri `br Iurbpigm _blnjy Ztuenis (JI_Z) jrntnjgl b` Arussilss

cgmelnmd b` tci midbtngtnbms ùrtcir nm gfie tci nssui gme tcriw ebwm tci dgumt-lit tb tci IY. Ui ripbrt tble tci IY enrijtbrgtis nm Arussils tcgt tciy wiri tghnmdg mgrrbw-fnmeie gpprbgjc gme gpplynmd g bmi-snzi- ts-gll pblnjy ay rijbf-fimenmd g EJ@ G tcgt imtgnls gm umrigsbmgali ridulgtbry aureim. Ymtnl Dibr-dng aijbfis rnjc, nts gttifpt tb dit g `gst rgti b` drbwtc scbule mbt ai tgxie brcgfpirie, sgys Fnjcgil Ifirsbm, bmi b` tci gutcbrs b` tci stuey.

Ui nssuis rgnsie ay tci JI_Z stuey jgm ai jbfpitimtly rulie bm bmly ay ijbm-bfnsts gme trgei prbìssnbmgls. Zu ji nt tb sgy tcgt IY b jngls rispbme rbaustlytb tci jrntnqui ay sgynmd tcgt fgmy b` nts gssufptnbms gri wrbmd. Uiy sgy tcgt tci

gpprbxnfgtnbm prbjiss wnll ai drgeugl gme tcgt tci en jult ridulgtnbm, wcnjc ns ri-qunrie `br tci `grfnmd sijtbr, jgm ai nf-plifimtie bvir yigrs. IY b jngls gmebmi b` tci gutcbrs b` tci brndnmgl ìgsn-anlnty stuey glsb eiìme tcinr egtg gmejbmjlusnbms.

Fbri arbgely, tci Arussils grdufimtns tcgt gs jbumtrnis nm Dibrdngs mindc-abrcbbe, sujc gs Yhrgnmi gme urhiy,

gebpt IY stgmegres, nt scbule, tbb, `brnts bwm sghi, n` nt wgmts tb stgy jbfpitn-tnvi gme dgnm gjjiss tb tci vgst Iurbpigmfgrhit. Uiy jnti, `br ixgfpli, g surviyb` Dibrdngm gdrnjulturgl prbeujirs ay tci Tbrle Agmhs Nmtirmgtnbmgl @nmgmji Jbr-pbrgtnbm, wcnjc `bume tcgt fbst b` tci prbeujirs gjjiptie tcns prnmjnpli gme wiririgey tb fiit nfprbvie `bbe sgìty stgmegres, ivim tcbudc nt imtgnlie cndcir jbsts.

Qisnstgmji tb tci EJ@ G nm Dibrdng jbfis `rbf twb fgnm drbups. Ijbmbf-njglly lnairgl Dibrdngms gri jbmtifptubus b` IY ridulgtbry gpprbxnfgtnbm. Lnair-

tgrngm tcnmhir Hghcg Aimeuhnezi rikijts tci neig, sgynmd, Ti miie g snfpli @ G

Gs jbumtrnis nm Dibrdngsmindcabrcbbe, sujc gs Yhrgnmigme Uurhiy, gebpt IY stgmegres,nt scbule, tbb, `br nts bwm sghi, n`nt wgmts tb stgy jbfpitntnvi gme

dgnm gjjiss tb tci vgst Iurbpigmfgrhit.


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tcgt figms `rii fbvifimt b` dbbes, rst b` gll. G`tir tcgt wi jgm tglh gabut btcirtcnmds. B` tci midbtngtnbms bvir g eiipir gdriifimt, Aimeuhnezi sgys, N tcnmhnt wgs pgrtnglly nmspnrie ay sbfi Dibrdngm ixpirts gme dbvirmfimt ifplbyiis wcb wiri aimi tnmd `rbf cgvnmd midbtngtnbms wntc Iurbpi gme tci bw b` ixpirtfbmiy jbfnmd nm. Uiy wiri aitrgyirs b` bur nmtirists. Qgfnscvnln b` tci LnairtyNmstntuti ixprissis tci jbmjirm tcgt IY ridulgtnbms wnll ri-nmtrbeuji jbrruptnbmnmtb Dibrdng. Ci sgys, G jbrrupt systif jgm gekust gme survnvi nmsnei g Iurbpigmimvilbpi. Ui egmdir ns tcgt Iurbpigm lgws wnll fgsh udly Zbvnit prgjtnjis.

Bppbsntnbm tb jlbsir Iurbpigm nmtidrgtnbm ns glsb lnhily tb jbfi `rbf gmbtcirqugrtir tcgt ns liss pualnj gme bpimriprisimtgtnvis b` tci Ble Dibrdng blndgrjcnjjulturi wcb fgnmtgnm ausnmiss nmtirists tcgt cgvi sb `gr ilueie tci jlbsi gttimtnbm bàbtc lbjgl MDBs gme Iurbpigm midbtngtbrs. Bmi IY b jngl sgys tcgt tciri ns g ìgr

nm gll Igstirm _grtmirscnp jbumtrnis tcgt jlbsir ijbmbfnj nmtidrgtnbm wnll ai g rbkgmcbrsi ixpbsnmd cneeim ausnmiss prgjtnjis tb umwiljbfi sjrutnmy. Uns pcimbfimbmns fujc fbri bavnbus nm Yhrgnmi, wciri bmi basirvir tglhs b` g sfgll drbup b` andausnmissfim nm Yhrgnmi `br wcbf tci EJ@ G fgy pbsi gm ixnstimtngl tcrigt.

Uisi `gjtbrs gjt gs g ergd bm tci Dibrdngm tigf midbtngtnmd wntc Arussils.Dibrdngm dbvirmfimt midbtngtbr Pghctgmd Lizcgvg, glbmd wntc cns jblligdui gfgrg Hbvznrnezi, ns g `brfir pupnl b` Aimeuhnezis. Nm gm nmtirvniw, Lizcgvgsgne ci ailnivie nm tci firnts b` tci EJ@ G. Gs IY lidnslgtnbm ns g risult b` jbm-simsus aunlenmd, nt glwgys cgs rbbf `br nmtillndimt gpplnjgtnbm, ci sgne. Gltcbudc

tci aureim wnll nmjrigsi `br fi, tci pbtimtngl aimi ts gri cndcir tcgm tci aureim.Ci wgs liss imtcusngstnj gabut tci pcnlbsbpcnjgl rgtnbmgli `br tci ridulgtbry ei-fgmes b` tci IY, gppigrnmd tb sii tcif gs g figms tb gm ime. Lizcgvg sgne, N gfg prgdfgtnst. Uisi tcnmds gri dbbe nm ixjcgmdi `br `rii trgei, aut mbt pir si.

Ui aimi t b` g EJ@ G ns pbtimtnglly viry cndc aut nm tcns nfpbrtgmt eiagtibm Dibrdngs eivilbpfimt fbeil, tci IY cgs sb `gr ebmi g pbbr kba b` jbffu-mnjgtnmd g jligr gme jbmsnstimt fissgdi gabut tci riwgres b` nmstntutnbmgl ri`brf,gs will gs ixplgnmnmd cbw tci jbsts jgm ai fit. G`tir tci pgssnmd b` tci Lnsabm rigty, tci IY wgs suppbsie, nm tcibry, tb gjqunri g fbri `bjusie gme cblnstnj `br-

indm pblnjy, wntc tci miw Ixtirmgl Gjtnbm Zirvnji tghnmd tci lige. Nm anlnsn tcnsfigms tcgt tci miw IY gfagssgebr, _cnlnp Enfntrbv, g `brfir prnfi fnmnstir bÀuldgrng, ns mbw tci `gji b` Iurbpi gme jgm eilnvir g fbri jbcirimt fissgdi. Nmprgjtnji, Arussils jbmtnmuis tb ifnt jbmùsnmd fissgdis gabut nts strgtidy tbwgrent

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