Geometry (with Sketcher) and mesh tutorial · · 2014-09-12CD packae or electromanetic and...
Transcript of Geometry (with Sketcher) and mesh tutorial · · 2014-09-12CD packae or electromanetic and...
CAD package for electromagnetic and thermal analysis using finite elements
Fluxby CEDRAT
Geometry (with Sketcher) and mesh tutorial2D basic example
Flux is a registered trademark.
Flux software: COPYRIGHT CEDRAT/INPG/CNRS/EDF Flux tutorials : COPYRIGHT CEDRAT
This tutorial was edited on 11 November 2013
Ref.: KF 2 05 - F - 112 - EN -11/13
CEDRAT 15 Chemin de Malacher - Inovallée
38246 Meylan Cedex FRANCE
Phone: +33 (0)4 76 90 50 45 Fax: +33 (0)4 56 38 08 30
E-mail: [email protected] Web: http://www.cedrat.com
Foreword
*(Please read before starting this document)
Description of the example
The goal of this basic example is to familiarize the user with the Flux 2D Sketcher context and mesh description process using a simple device. The user who wants to learn the geometry context of Flux will consult the Geometry and mesh tutorial. The user who wants to learn the physics, solving and post-processing description process will consult one of the three basics examples.
Organization information
The organization of the chapters is the following. all topics beginning with a verb (create, add, assign, …) contain
information about actions you must complete all topics beginning with the word “about” contain definitions or
general information about specific features. Required knowledge
If you are a beginner with Flux, it is recommended that you read and work through the complete text of the chapters. If you are an experienced user of Flux, you may be able to enter the problem information quickly without having to read the “about” paragraphs.
Support files included...
You can refer to the supplied files in case of difficulties completing this tutorial, or directly adapt this tutorial to your needs, without going through all the steps to construct the model. If you install Flux with the documentation and the examples, files are placed in the folder: C:\CEDRAT (or your installation folder) \FluxDocExamples_11.1\Examples2D \ GeometryWithSketcherMesh. Supplied files are command files written in PyFlux language. The user can launch them in order to automatically recover the Flux projects for each case.
**(.py files are launched by accessing Project/Command file from the Flux drop down menu.)
Supplied files Contents Flux file obtained after launching the .py file
Geometry of the the device with the Sketcher
BuildGeomesh.py
Meshing of the device geomeshbuilt.FLU
The main.py enables the launch of these command files
Flux TABLE OF CONTENTS
TABLE OF CONTENTS 1. General information .................................................................................................................1
1.1. Overview .......................................................................................................................................3 1.1.1. Introduction .....................................................................................................................4 1.1.2. The studied device: a variable reluctance speed sensor ...............................................5 1.1.3. The studied device modelled with Flux Sketcher ...........................................................6
1.2. Get started with Flux .....................................................................................................................7 1.2.1. Start the Flux Supervisor ................................................................................................9 1.2.2. About the Flux Supervisor ............................................................................................10 1.2.3. Open Flux2D.................................................................................................................12
2. Geometric description of the device using sketcher context..................................................15 2.1. Project creation and Flux environment .......................................................................................17
2.1.1. Create a project for the device .....................................................................................18 2.1.2. About the sketcher context ...........................................................................................19 2.1.3. About the Help menu / User guide ...............................................................................21 2.1.4. Name the project ..........................................................................................................23 2.1.5. About the Flux2D window.............................................................................................24
2.2. Strategy and tools for geometry description of the device..........................................................25 2.2.1. Available geometric tools and analysis before geometry description of the
device............................................................................................................................26 Main stages for the device geometric description.......................................................................28
2.3. Creation of geometric tools .........................................................................................................31 2.3.1. About geometric parameters ........................................................................................32 2.3.2. Create the geometric parameters.................................................................................33 2.3.3. About coordinate systems ............................................................................................36 2.3.4. Create the coordinate system.......................................................................................38
2.4. Theoretical aspects: data management and preferences...........................................................41 2.4.1. About the undo command.............................................................................................42 2.4.2. About edition functionalities..........................................................................................43 2.4.3. About graphic functionnalities.......................................................................................45 2.4.4. About global correction tools ........................................................................................47
2.5. Creation of the cogged wheel .....................................................................................................49 2.5.1. About creation tools ......................................................................................................50 2.5.2. About circles .................................................................................................................51 2.5.3. Create the inner circle of the cogged wheel .................................................................52 2.5.4. Create the outer circle and adjust the radius of the two circles....................................57 2.5.5. About rectangles...........................................................................................................60 2.5.6. About arcs.....................................................................................................................61 2.5.7. Create the first teeth of the cogged wheel....................................................................62 2.5.8. About circular repetition................................................................................................67 2.5.9. Create the second and the third teeth by circular repetition.........................................68 2.5.10. Correct global defects...................................................................................................70
2.6. Creation of the probes.................................................................................................................71 2.6.1. Create two rectangles for the half of the probe ............................................................72 2.6.2. About symmetry............................................................................................................74 2.6.3. Create the second half of the probe by symmetry........................................................75 2.6.4. Create the second probe by circular repetition.............................................................78 2.6.5. Rotation of the cogged wheel .......................................................................................80
2.7. Close the sketcher context..........................................................................................................81 2.8. Completing the domain ...............................................................................................................83
2.8.1. About an infinite box .....................................................................................................84 2.8.2. Add an infinite box ........................................................................................................85
3. Mesh generation of the sensor ..............................................................................................87 3.1. Strategy and tools for mesh generation of the sensor ................................................................89
3.1.1. Available meshing tools and analysis before mesh generation ...................................90 3.1.2. Main stages for mesh description.................................................................................91
3.2. Meshing the sensor with aided mesh..........................................................................................93
Geometry (with Sketcher) and mesh tutorial PAGE A
TABLE OF CONTENTS Flux
PAGE B Geometry (with Sketcher) and mesh tutorial
3.2.1. Change to the mesh context.........................................................................................94 3.2.2. About the mesh context ................................................................................................95 3.2.3. About Aided mesh.........................................................................................................96 3.2.4. Synchronize Aided mesh value and mesh lines and faces ..........................................97
3.3. Optimize the mesh ................................................................................................................... 101 3.3.1. About mesh tools ....................................................................................................... 103 3.3.2. Modify the Aided relaxation on lines and faces ......................................................... 106 3.3.3. Modify the mesh points.............................................................................................. 107 3.3.4. Assign mesh points to points ..................................................................................... 108 3.3.5. Create a mesh point................................................................................................... 110 3.3.6. Assign the mesh point to points................................................................................. 111 3.3.7. Create a mesh line..................................................................................................... 113 3.3.8. Assign meshline to lines ............................................................................................ 115 3.3.9. Mesh lines and faces ................................................................................................. 117 3.3.10. Save the project and close the Flux2D window......................................................... 119
4. Annex ..................................................................................................................................121 4.1. Use of command files............................................................................................................... 123
4.1.1. About command files and the Python language ........................................................ 124 4.1.2. Execute command file................................................................................................ 125
Flux Geometry (with Sketcher) and mesh tutorial
1. General information
Introduction This part A contains the presentation of the studied device and some
information about the Flux software.
Contents This part contains the following topics:
Topic See Page Overview 3 Get started with Flux 7
Geometry (with Sketcher) and mesh tutorial PAGE 1
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1.1. Overview
Introduction This chapter presents the studied device (a variable reluctance speed sensor)
and the strategy of the device description in Flux.
Contents This chapter contains the following topics:
Topic See Page Introduction 4 The studied device: a variable reluctance speed sensor 5 The studied device modelled with Flux Sketcher 6
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1.1.1. Introduction
Introduction Flux is a finite elements software for electromagnetic simulation. Flux
handles the design and analysis of any electromagnetic device.
To perform a study with Flux, you build a finite elements project. This process is broken into 5 phases: geometry description* mesh generation description of the physical properties solving process analysis of the results
Only the first two phases are presented in this document.
* In this document the geometry description is carried out using the Sketcher context. I is also possible to create, modify or delete geometric entities in the Flux geometry context.
Objective The objective of this document is the discovery and mastering of various
functionalities in the software through the example of a simple device.
The device is a variable reluctance speed sensor described in the following paragraphs.
The studied functionalities* of the software are those, related to the phases of construction of the geometry using the Sketcher context and generation of the mesh.
The user will also find in this document useful information concerning the software: description of the environment, data management, graphic representation, etc.
* The functionalities of the software related to the following phases - description of the physical properties, resolution, and analysis of the results - are not detailed in this document.
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1.1.2. The studied device: a variable reluctance speed sensor
Introduction The device to be analyzed is a speed sensor.
Structure The variable reluctance speed sensor consists of a cogged wheel, a magnet
and a coil connected to a measuring resistance.
Operation The rotation of the cogged wheel near the tip of the sensor changes the
magnetic Flux, creating an analog voltage signal that can be recovered in probes.
Typical applications
Typical applications are: ignition system engine speed and position speed sensing for electronically controlled transmissions vehicle speed sensing wheel speed sensing for ABS and traction control systems
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1.1.3. The studied device modelled with Flux Sketcher
Geometric structure
The device consists of: one cogged wheel with three teeth two probes with a magnet and a coil around The device will be modelled as below in the 2D Sketcher:
PROBE 1
COIL 1-
COIL 1+
MAGNET 2
COIL 2-
COIL 2+
WHEEL
MAGNET 1
PROBE 2
Flux Geometry (with Sketcher) and mesh tutorial
1.2. Get started with Flux
Introduction This chapter shows how to start working with Flux and includes a
presentation of the Flux Supervisor.
It also shows how to start the preprocessor for Flux2D.
More detailed information about Flux2D menus and commands is presented in Part B.
Contents This chapter contains the following topics:
Topic See Page Start the Flux Supervisor 9 About the Flux Supervisor 10 Open Flux2D 12
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1.2.1. Start the Flux Supervisor
Goal Starting Flux involves opening the Flux Supervisor.
Action To start Flux from the Windows taskbar:
Start All programs Cedrat Flux
Result The Flux Supervisor window opens.
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1.2.2. About the Flux Supervisor
The Flux Supervisor window
The Flux Supervisor window is divided into several zones. The different zones are identified in the figure below and then detailed in following blocks.
Zones of the Supervisor
The different zones of the Flux Supervisor and their functions are presented in the table below.
Zone Function
Dimensions The user selects the dimension in which he wishes to model his project: 2D or 3D, Skew
Contexts
The user have the choice between several use contexts of supervisor: New project Open un project Open example Python for Flux Batch solve
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Working directory Directory selector
The user chooses a working directory. The path of this directory is displayed. It is possible to manage folders and files by clicking on button :
Customized zone
The content of this zone is adapted according to the context of use chosen.
The action button is also customized.
How to proceed ? The process of use of each context is in this zone. It is possible to hide/display this zone by clicking on
Cross functions
The user also has access by the supervisor at cross-functions: Specific functions to Flux (Options, License,
Materials, Units) Functions of coupling with external softwares
(Got-It, Portunus, Simulink ...)
This icon allows to access to : Help (HTML documentation) PDF documents (user guide, tutorials, new
features document…) User portal (sharing plateform) …
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1.2.3. Open Flux2D
The preprocessor Flux2D will be opened directly on the sketcher context to manage the geometry building of the device and mesh generation.
Goal
Some checks before you begin
From the Flux Supervisor you should: Select the Flux 2D tab in order to access the specific Flux 2D programs. Access your working directory by selecting it in the supervisor’s directory
manager window. Verify that the title of the Program manager area is the standard version
(Flux2D: Standard). If not, in the menu bar, select Versions and check Standard.
To open Flux2D from the Flux Supervisor, follow the procedure on How to proceed block. Select 2D, choose the Working directory and click on Start a new project.
Action
Continued on next page
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Flux Geometry (with Sketcher) and mesh tutorial
Result The PreFlux window for Flux 2D applications is opened directly in the
Sketcher context
* A new project must be created to see the complete set of PreFlux commands.
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2. Geometric description of the device using sketcher context
Introduction This chapter presents the general steps of the geometry construction and the
data required to describe the geometry.
The device is presented in the figure below.
Contents This chapter contains the following topics:
Topic See Page Project creation and Flux environment 17 Strategy and tools for geometry description of the 25 Creation of geometric tools 31 Theoretical aspects: data management and preferences 41 Creation of the cogged wheel 49 Creation of the probes 71 Close the sketcher context 81 Completing the domain 83
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2.1. Project creation and Flux environment
Introduction Each time that a Flux program is started, it is possible to open an existing
project or create a new project.
Contents This section contains the following topics:
Topic See Page Create a project for the device 18 About the sketcher context 19 About the Help menu / User guide 21 Name the project 23 About the Flux2D window 24
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2.1.1. Create a project for the device
Goal At the beginning of the geometry description a new project will be created.
Action To create a new project from the …
Project menu: 1. Click on New
OR
Project toolbar: 1. Click on the icon
Result Flux retrieves a great deal of information from the database model in order to
build the proper database of the new project. This project is temporarily named ANONYMOUS. Since Flux 11.2, the Flux2D window for 2D applications is opened directly in the Sketcher context as below. It is however possible to close the Sketcher context in order to describe the geometry in Flux, as in the previous versions.
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2.1.2. About the sketcher context
Definition The 2D sketcher is an environment for the creation of « high level »
geometric objects, automating the definition of points and lines. Integrated into Flux, it gives an alternative to the creation of points by coordinates and of lines by selection of points. It is a tool that permits the user to rapidly « draw » a CAD application having as main objectives to: Facilitate and improve the description of the geometry by the graphic
drawing functions Create by « freehand » drawing of the lines (points automatically
associated)
Sketcher 2D integrated in Flux
The 2D sketcher integrated in Flux is a dedicated context accessible starting from a Flux 2D or a Skew project. The 2D sketcher context is directly opened upon the opening of a new project (nevertheless this is an option that is modifiable starting from the supervisor options).
The standard Flux geometric description remains usable in duplicate outside the sketcher context.
Environment The environment of the sketcher context is similar to the Flux environment
with the data tree, a graphic window, the command window and the history of the commands. The graphic window is personalized as compared to that of Flux (nevertheless this is an option that is modifiable starting from the supervisor options).
PyFlux All the operations carried out in the sketcher are recorded in the command
PyFlux as for Flux operation. Command files can also be executed starting from the sketcher by the Project menu.
Parametric study
It is possible to carry out parametric studies by means of a project described in the sketcher. The operation is identical as the one in the standard Flux context, representing the way to describe the geometric parameters that are used in the formulas defining the coordinates of certain points.
Information: mesh, region …
The sketcher can be opened by means of geometric entities that contain other data except those in the geometric description, namely the data on mesh, region and appearance. These data are stored after the sketcher has been opened, the modifications made and the sketcher closed.
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Tools of the Sketcher con
After having activated the sketcher context, toolbars dedicated to the geometry description appear in the Flux2D window.
The different toolbars and their principal roles are briefly described below.
Geometry context toolbars Function 1 Hide/display tools
2 Edition tools
3 Creation tools
4
Construction tools
5
Correction tools
6 Other tools
Color code Geometric entities (points and lines) are graphically identified with a color
code. The user can distinguish 3 colors: Red: entities that are parameterized (the user cannot displaced such entities graphically. Black: standard entities (the user can displace graphically such entities and modify their coordinates or properties). Greyed: propagated entities (these entities are linked ti standard entities and they cannot be displaced graphically)
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2.1.3. About the Help menu / User guide
Introduction There are several ways to access the user guide information:
the complete user guide the on-line help on an option
Method 1 From the Flux supervisor:
Click on icon and on Help
To open the complete user’s guide in Flux2D from the Help menu: Method 2
1. Click on Help
Method 3 To open the on-line help about an entity from its dialog box:
1. Click on the button
Continued on next page
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Geometry (with Sketcher) and mesh tutorial Flux
User guide The on-line version of the Flux user guide is presented in the figure below.
The corresponding sections of the Flux user’s guide can be opened by clicking on the hyperlinks.
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2.1.4. Name the project
The new project, temporarily named ANONYMOUS, will be renamed and saved.
Goal
Action To rename the project from the …
Project menu:
1. Click on Save orSave as…
OR
Project toolbar: 1. Click on the icon
2. Type geomeshbuilt.FLU as project name
Note: The user can choose another name for the project and change the current project directory (working directory), displayed in the Save In field at the top. A periodic data backup is recommended.
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2.1.5. About the Flux2D window
Flux2D window The Flux2D project window opens in the Sketcher context. The sketcher
context has the complete set of the tools to build the geometry of the device, and to visualize the device during different steps of the construction.
Areas The Flux2D project window is divided into four main areas. The different
areas can be resized or hidden.
Graphic
Data tree
Output
PyFlux Command
Area Function Data tree displays all the problem data in a tree structure that is
expanded using the key Graphic displays the graphic entities Outpu prints Python command instructions PyFlux Command
Manipulation of python commands: runs python commandes (left area) runs python files (center area) create python files (center area) edit (open and modify) python files (center area) saves all operations in a log.py files (right area)
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2.2. Strategy and tools for geometry description of the device
Introduction This section shows:
the available tools for geometry building the analysis carried out for construction of the wheel geometry and the
selected strategy
Contents This section contains the following topics:
Topic See Page
Available geometric tools and analysis before geometry description of the device
26
Main stages for the device geometric description 28
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2.2.1. Available geometric tools and analysis before geometry description of the device
Available tools The tools available for geometric construction are: geometric parameters,
coordinate systems and transformations.
Device analysis and choice of const ruction tools
An analysis of the device is necessary to determine the strategy of construction and the choice of construction tools.
The analysis of the device and the construction tools chosen within the framework of this tutorial are summarized in the table below.
To carry out the operation to …
it is planned … … as in the figure below.
create the WHEEL_CS coordinate system
To creat the ALPHA parameter
position the wheel to create an WHEEL_CS coordinate system
WHEEL_CS
change dimensions of the wheel
to create 4 parameters to set dimensions of the wheel elementary pattern
BETA
TOOTH_IR
TOOTH_OR
WHEEL_R
create the other teeth of the cogged wheel
TOOTH_N
to create 1 parameter
Continued on next page
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position the probe
create a PROBE_CS Cartesian coordinate system specific to the probe
PROBE_CS
change dimensions of the magnet and the coil
create 5 parameters for setting the magnet and the coil dimensions
MAG_H
COIL_H MAG_R
COIL_IR
COIL_OR
create the second probe by circular repetition
ANGLE
create the ANGLE parameter
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2.2.2. Main stages for the device geometric description
An outline of the geometry description process to build the device geometry is presented in the table below.
Outline
Stage Description
1 Creation of 12 geometric parameters
Angle for the wheel: ALPHA = 0 Wheel radius: WHEEL_R = 10 mm Tooth inner radius: TOOTH_IR = 12.5 mm Tooth outer radius: TOOTH_OR = 21.5 mm Number of teeth: TOOTH_N = 3 Tooth angle: BETA =15° Coil inner radius: COIL_IR = 2,8 mm Coil outer radius: COIL_OR = 3,5 mm Coil height: COIL_H = 16 mm Angle to position the second probe: ANGLE = 30° Radius of the magnet: MAG_R = 2,5mm Height of the magnet: MAG_H = 20 mm
2 Creation of 2 coordinate system
Cylindrical coordinate system: WHEEL_CS (global coordinate system for the wheel description)
Cylindrical coordinate system: PROBE_CS (local coordinate system for the probe description)
3 Creation of the inner circle
Freehand drawing of the inner circle
Graphic adjustment
4 Creation of the outer circle
Freehand drawing of the outer circle
adjustment with geometric parameter
5 Creation of the first teeth
Freehand drawing of the rectangle
Adjustment with geometric parameter
Deletion of the vertical lines
Simplication of the lines Creation of an arc
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6 Creation of the other teeth
Creation of a line to permit a repeated mesh
Propagation of the tooth by circular repetition
Simplification of the lines
7 Creation of the first probe
Creation of a rectangle for the first half of the magnet
Creation of a rectangle for the first half of the coil
Propagation by symmetry to build the probe
8 Creation of the second probe
Circular repetition of the probe
9
Building of the faces in the Flux geometry context
Close the sketcher context
Build faces in the Flux geometry context
10 Close the study domain
Create a circular infinite box in order to close the study domain
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2.3. Creation of geometric tools
Introduction The geometry building begins by the creation of geometric tools: geometric
parameters and a coordinate system.
Contents This section contains the following topics:
Topic See Page About geometric parameters 32 Create the geometric parameters 33 About coordinate systems 36 Create the coordinate system 38
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2.3.1. About geometric parameters
Principle of use Geometric parameters are entities that can be used for the geometry building
of the device, i.e. for the definition of points, coordinate systems, geometric transformations, infinite box dimensions and other geometric entities.
Defining parameters simplifies the construction of the geometry and enables modifications to be made more easily later. Many changes can be made by modifying only the definition of the parameters instead of modifying all the individual points, lines or nodes that might be built using the parameters. Parameters also can modify the scale of the geometry through their relationship with coordinate systems.
Definition of parameters
The geometric parameters are defined by the name and the algebraic expressions.
The algebraic expressions may contain: constants arithmetic operators (+, -, *, /, **) arithmetic functions allowed in FORTRAN (SQRT, LOG, SIN, etc.)* other parameters combinations of any of these
* Caution: ATAN2D is preferred over ATAN in order to have a better accuracy.
Parameters and measurement units
Please note that parameters are independent of any unit of measurement. In other words, the numerical value entered for a parameter is not changed when the unit of measurement is changed. Any measurement unit associated with a parameter derives from the coordinate system in which the parameter is used. For example, a parameter's value may be 10 in a coordinate system with millimeters as units. This parameter's value is still 10 whether the coordinate system's units are changed to inches or meters or kilometers or any other available unit. Thus, when you use parameters, you can also modify the scale of a geometric feature without reentering each point or item.
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2.3.2. Create the geometric parameters
Goal Twelve parameters are required for the geometry description of the device.
The parameters, required to build the device, are presented in the next figure.
Parameters for the description of the wheel and the teeth:
BETA
TOOTH_IR
TOOTH_OR
WHEEL_R
TOOTH_N
ALPHA
Parameters for the description of the probe:
MAG_H
COIL_H MAG_R
COIL_IR
COIL_ORANGLE
MAGNET base
COIL base
Continued on next page
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Data The table below contains the values of the geometric parameters.
Geometric parameters
Name Comment Expression ALPHA Angle for the Wheel_CS 0 WHEEL_R Radius of the wheel 10 TOOTH_IR Inner radius of the tooth 12.5 TOOTH_OR Outer radius of the tooth 21.5 TOOTH_N Number of teeth 3 BETA Tooth angle 15 COIL_IR Inner radius of the coil 2.8 COIL_OR Outer radius of the coil 3.5 COIL_H Height of the coil 16 ANGLE Angle of the probe position 0 MAG_R Radius of the magnet 2.5 MAG_H Height of the magnet 20
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Action To create the geometric parameters from the …
Data tree:
1. Double-click on Geometric parameter
OR
Menu:
1. Select Geometric parameter and click on New
2. Type ALPHA as name 3. Type Wheel angle as comment 4. Type 0 as algebraic expression
for the parameter 5. Click on OK
6. Repeat steps 2 to 5 in the new dialog, entering data for the remaining entities. (see the table on the previous page)
…
7. Click on Cancel to quit the sequence
Result The geometric parameters are listed in the data tree:
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2.3.3. About coordinate systems
Introduction All geometric features are defined within a specific coordinate system.
Defining our own coordinate systems enables us to describe and modify the geometry much more easily. The Flux sketcher uses coordinates systems in the same way as Flux. The creation of a coordinate can be done in the sketcher context or in the geometry context.
Types of coordinate systems
The different types of coordinate systems for 2D domain and associated coordinates are presented below.
Cartesian coordinate system Coordinates (x, y)
Cylindrical coordinate system Coordinates (r, )
r
p
y
x
p
Reference coordinate systems
It is possible to distinguish the following coordinate systems: The global coordinate system is the coordinate system where all
computations are performed. It is inaccessible to the user. The global coordinate system is a universal Cartesian coordinate system using meters as the length unit and degrees as the angle unit.
The working coordinate systems are coordinate systems created by the user to cover the study needs. The working coordinate systems are defined: - with respect to the Global coordinate system, when they refer to the
global coordinate system - with respect to a Local coordinate system, when they refer to other
coordinate systems. All entities are defined in the working coordinate systems (user coordinate systems) and are evaluated in the global coordinate system for calculations.
Coordinate system units
The user can define the length and angle units for a coordinate system defined with respect to the global coordinate system (millimeter and degree by default).
A coordinate system defined with respect to the local coordinate system inherits the units of the reference coordinate system (parent coordinate system).
Continued on next page
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Predefined coordinate system
To assist the user, Flux provides a default coordinate system XY1. It is created for every new project. It is possible to rename it, to modify it or to delete it.
XY1 is the coordinate system of Cartesian type and defined with respect to the global coordinate system.
Coordinate system XY1 Characteristics Y
X
y
Origin of coordinate system: first component: 0 second component: 0 Rotation angle: about Z axis: 0
x
Activate coordinate system
In the sketcher, all the description is done automatically. The coordinate system taken into consideration during a creation is the activated coordinate system. The choice of the active coordinate system is done by means of a group listing the available coordinate systems.
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2.3.4. Create the coordinate system
Goal Two coordinate systems are required to describe the geometry of the device,
as presented in the figure below.
WHEEL_CS PROBE_CS
32 mm
Data The table below describes the coordinate system:
Cylindrical coordinate system type defined with respect to the Global system
Origin coord. Rotation
angle Name Comment Units X Y About Z
WHEEL_CS Wheel coordinate system
millimeter/ degree
0 0 ALPHA
Cartesian coordinate system type defined with respect to the Local system
Origin coord.
Rotation angle Name Comment
Parent coord. system X Y About Z
PROBE_CS Probe coordinate system
MAIN_CS 32 0 0
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Action To create the coordinate system from the …
Data tree: 1. Double-click
on Coordinate system
OR
Menu: 1. Select Coordinate system
and click on New
2. Type WHEEL_CS as name of coordinate system
3. Type Wheel coordinate system as associated comment
4. Select Cylindrical as type of coordinate system
5. Select Global as definition of coordinate system
6. Select MILLIMETER as length unit
7. Select DEGREE 8. Type 0 as first coordinate 9. Type 0 as second coordinate 10. Type ALPHA as rotation
angle about Z axis 11. Click on OK
12. Repeat steps 2 to 11 in the new dialog, entering data for the PROBE_CS coordinate system. (see the table on the previous page)
…
13. Click on Cancel to quit the sequence
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Result The coordinate system is listed in the data tree:
The list of coordinate system is placed bottom left under the graphic window.
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2.4. Theoretical aspects: data management and preferences
Introduction Some theoretical aspects are presented in this section
Contents This section contains the following topics:
Topic See Page About the undo command 41 About edition functionalities 43 About graphic functionnalities 45
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2.4.1. About the undo command
Undo command There is a Flux command to undo operations. The user can use this command
if an error was made.
There are two possibilities described in the table below.
Method Function 1 to undo the previous operation to undo the last action 2 to undo several operations to undo all actions up to the indicated
action
To undo the previous operation from the Tools toolbar: Method 1
1. Click on the icon
Method 2 To undo several operations from the …
Tools menu:
1. Click on Undo
OR
Tools toolbar: 1. Click on the icon
2. Click on the last operation to undo
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2.4.2. About edition functionalities
Selection of entities
The selection of the entities can be made : Starting from the data tree: one type only of entity can be selected in multi-
selection (key Ctrl) or Directly on the graph: no restriction to one type only of entity.
It is possible to select: - an entity « Point » or « Line » individually by clicking on the entity - several entities by clicking on each using the key CTRL (shortcut can be
equally used to deselect the entities). - several entities by framing them using the selection rectangle.
Once the selection is made, the entities will appear highlighted. To clear the selection, click on the graph to do-nothing or to pass to another selection. It is also possible to select all the entities of the geometry by using the shortcut CTRL+A or the command Select all available in the menu Edition
Rectangle selection
The selection rectangle operates by framing the entities to be selected. It is not a command to be activated; it is available in any activated mode. To use the selection rectangle simply frame the desired entities. Useful shortcuts : It is possible to make the multiple selection rectangle by using the key
CTRL after you have made a first selection rectangle in order to make a second one
It is also possible to include the selection rectangle entities, which are partially in the frame of selection, by using the key SHIFT during the selection. This permits the user, for example, to select an assembly of lines without having to frame them entirely.
Copy/Cut/Past After having operated a selection, it is possible to:
Copy and paste: permitting it to duplicate a selection of an entity by choosing its location with a click on the graph
Cut and paste: permitting the selection of an entity and to replace it by choosing its location with a click on the graph
The standard keyboard shortcuts are implemented: Copy : CTRL+C Cut : CTRL+X Paste : CTRL+V
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Copy/Cut/Past: some rules
Some rules for using the operations Copy/Cut/Paste : The parameterized entities selected to Copy/Cut or Cut/Paste will no longer
be parameterized after the operation Paste because the location is no longer in conformity with the formulas defining the coordinates of the parameterized points.
The propagated entities Copy/Paste or Cut/Paste will no longer be linked by propagation to their entities of origin. They become independent entities.
Delete The function Delete is available with the sketcher and is different from the
commands Delete and Delete in force available in the standard Flux context. It permits the user to suppress : Any links with other entities once the selection of entities is chosen entities of different types (Point and Line)
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2.4.3. About graphic functionnalities
Introduction The graphic functions are implemented to improve the ergonomics and use of
the 2D sketcher: the zoom selection the selection to move the graphic window the displaying filters the magnetization grid the direction lines
Zoom The zoom selection is standard and available in the menu Display/View or via
their corresponding icon: Framing : permits the user to adapt the zoom so as to visualize all the
geometry Reducing / Augmenting : equivalent to the role of the adjusting mouse
wheel Augmenting a zone: zoom over one zone by framing it.
Move the graphic window
The displacement of the window of visualization of the graph can be done:
By click right maintained + displacement of the mouse By positioning the cursor of the mouse on one of the sides of the graphic
window for several seconds: the window moves automatically. This automatic motion is also usable during the creation or the displacement of a selection of entity.
Display filters It is possible to adjust the displaying filters, via the menu Display/View or via
their corresponding icon, to display or not graphic elements: Axes of the global coordinate system the points the coordinate systems the entities of reference (point and line) the grid
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The grid The grid is a graphic aid for all the operations of creation and displacement of
the entities. It permits the user to magnetize the cursor on the coupling points defined by three levels: Length of a cell of the grid (10 by default) Number of subdivision by cell (10 by default) Number of points of magnetization by subdivision (10 by default) The parameters of the grid are accessible by the menu Options → Edit.
The parameter of the grid can be configured before the opening of a project in the supervisor options.
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2.4.4. About global correction tools
Global correction
The global correction tools permit to accurately render automatically according to the whole geometry on which there are potential faults. Several tools are available : Heal all intersections Heal all superimpositions Simplify all lines Heal and simplify all geometry
Access The different accesses for this mode of correction are presented in the
following table:
Access
icon Heal all intersections menu Tools Heal all intersections
icon Heal all super-impositions menu Tools Heal all superimpositions
icon Simplify all lines menu Tools Simplify all lines
icon Heal and simplify all geometry menu Tools Heal and simplify all geometry
Heal all intersections
The correction tool « Heal all intersections » permits to correct automatically all the intersections detected on the assembly of the geometry. On each intersection a fragmenting is made.
Heal all superim-positions
The correction tool « Heal all superimpositions » permits to correct automatically all the superimpositions of the lines detected on the assembly of the geometry. On each superposition, a merge is made so as to create a single line on the common sections.
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Simplify all lines
The correction tool « Simplify all lines » permits to simplify automatically all the configurations of two adjacent lines, collinear and not superimposed on the assembly of the geometry in a single line.
Heal and simplify all geometry
The correction tool « Heal and simplify all geometry » permits to carry out together global corrections in one action, namely: correct all the intersections, all the superimpositions and simplify all the lines of the geometry.
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2.5. Creation of the cogged wheel
Introduction The next step is the creation of the cogged wheel.
The next figure describes the geometry of the modelled object.
Contents This section contains the following topics:
Topic See Page About creation tools 50 About circles 51 Create the inner circle of the cogged wheel 52 Create the outer circle and adjust the radius of the two circles 57 About rectangles 60 About arcs 61 Create the first teeth of the cogged wheel 62 About circular repetition 67 Create the second and the third teeth 68 About global correction tools 47 Simplifiy the geometry 70
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2.5.1. About creation tools
Introduction This part provides information common to all the creation tools contained in
Flux sketcher: Polyline, Rectangle, Arc, Circle and Reference.
Where to find them?
The creation tools are available : via the Construction menu via the corresponding icon (tool bar)
Equivalence to Flux
After using the creation tools in the sketcher, the result obtained is translated into the Flux standard entities « Point » and « Line ».
Possibilities of creation
It is possible to create starting from/finishing: An « empty » location on the graph An existing point (a standard point or a reference point) An existing line (a segment or an arc or a reference line) fragmentation of the line done automatically (except for a reference line)
Magnetization Certain operations of correction are done automatically during the creation in
order to facilitate the geometric description. The “smart” correction operations are : superposition line – line superposition point – line fragmentation of a line if the creation starts on that line or if the creation is
over on that line
The « smart » correction is an option (by default activated) that can be deactivated in the menu Options Edit in the tab Smart correction.
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2.5.2. About circles
Circle There are several modes of creation of a « Circle »*:
Circle center + radius defined by its center point and by its radius. The point center is a reference point, symbolized by a cross
Circle diameter defined by the two points of a circle diameter
*The circle created is not a full part entity but merely some points and lines « arc » : Circle centre + radius : three points and two arcs of the type « two points
with centre point » Circle diameter : two points and two arcs of the type «two points without
centre point »
Access / Cursor The different accesses and the personalized cursor for this mode of creation
are presented in the following table:
Access Cursor
icon Circle center + radius
menu Construction Circle Cercle center + radius
icon Circle diameter
menu Construction Circle Circle diameter
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2.5.3. Create the inner circle of the cogged wheel
Goal A first circle is required to inner cicle the wheel base, as presented in the
figure below.
r = 10
Inner circle
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Action (1) To create the circle:
1. First select the coordinate system in which you want to create the geometry (WHEEL_CS)
Then from the …
Menu:
2. Select Circle center + radius
OR
Creation toolbar:
2. Click on the icon
3. Set the center point of the circle with a first left click
4. Moove the mouse (gives the value of the radius while the mouse moves)
5. Second left click in order to: Set the radius Validate the circle defined by two
arcs of 180° and a centre point Create the corresponding entities
(points and lines)
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Result (1) The inner circle of the cogged wheel is created. The corresponding geometric
entities appear in the data tree as below:
Point1 Point 2 Point 3
Line 1
Line 2
Action (2) Select point 3 and displace it in order to obtain the correct radius for the inner
circle (r = 10) as below:
Point 3
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Check Edit points and lines describing the inner circle to check if the coordinates and date are correct (See § 2.4.2 About edition). It is possible for instance to select of group of entities of the same time by selecting in the graphic with the Ctrl key maintained pressed and choosing Edit array command in the context menu.
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Result The cylindrical coordinates (radius and angle) of the points describing the
inner circle are presented below:
The data of the lines describing the inner circle are presented below:
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2.5.4. Create the outer circle and adjust the radius of the two circles
Goal A second circle is required to create the outer cicle ofthe wheel base, as
presented in the figure below.
r1 = TOOTH_IR
r1 r2
r2 = WHEEL_R
Outer circle
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Action (1) To create the circle:
1. First select the coordinate system in which you want to create the geometry (WHEEL_CS)
Then from the …
Menu:
2. Select Circle center + radius
OR
Creation toolbar:
2. Click on the icon
3. Set the center point of the circle with a first left click
4. Moove the mouse (gives the value of the radius while the mouse moves)
5. Second left click in order to: Set the radius Validate the circle defined by two
arcs of 180° and a centre point Create the corresponding entities
(points and lines)
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Result (1) The outer circle of the cogged wheel is created. The corresponding geometric
entities appear in the data tree as below:
Point 4 Point 5
Line 4
Line 3
Action (2) Adjust the radius of the inner and outer circle by editing the four lines as in
the figure below:
Apply WHEEL_R parameter to line 1 and 2 and apply TOOTH_IR parameter to line 3 and 4 as in the figure below:
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2.5.5. About rectangles
Rectangles There are several modes of creation of a « Rectangle »*:
Rectangle diagonal described two points representing its diagonal Rectangle center defined by the center point and an extremity point
*The rectangle created is not a full part entity but merely four points and four lines
Access / Cursor The different accesses and the personalized cursor for this mode of creation
are presented in the following table:
Access Cursor
icon Rectangle diagonal
menu Construction Rectangle Rectangle diagonal
icon Rectangle center
menu Construction Rectangle Rectangle center
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2.5.6. About arcs
Arcs There are several creation modes for the « Arc » :
Arc 2 points, with a center defined by a center point and the two points of the arc extremities (the point center is a reference point symbolized by a cross)
Arc 2 points, without a center, defined by two points extremities Arc 3 points, defined by two points extremities and an intermediate point
Access / Cursor The different accesses and the personalized cursor for this mode of creation
are presented in the following table:
Access Cursor
icon Arc 2 points with center menu Construction Line Arc 2 points
with center
icon Circle
diameter menu Construction Line Arc 2 points without center
Arc 2 points without center icon
Arc 3 points menu Construction Line Arc 3 points
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2.5.7. Create the first teeth of the cogged wheel
Goal The fisrt teeth is created in 3 steps:
Action (1): a rectangle is drawn in the sketcher context. Action (2): The coordinates of the points of the rectangle are modified Action (3): the 2 vertical lines are deleted in order to create two arcs The first teeth will be built after these three action as below:
Action (1) To create the rectangle :
1. First select the coordinate system in which you want to create the geometry (WHEEL_CS)
Then from the …
Menu:
2. Select Rectangle diagonal
OR
Creation toolbar:
2. Click on the icon
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3. Set the first point of the diagonal with a first left click
4. Moove the mouse in order to give the view of the future rectangle as well as the data of creation (coordinates of the future diagonal point, width and length of the rectangle)
5. Second left click in order to: set the second point of the diagonal of
the rectangle
validate the creation of the rectangle create the corresponding entities
« Point » and « Line »
Result (1) The rectangle for the first teeth of the cogged wheel is created. The
corresponding geometric entities appear in the data tree as below:
Point1
Line 1
L 8
L 6
L 5 L 7
P 9
P 7 P 8
P 6
Action (2) Set the coordinates of the four points by editing them as in the figure below:
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Apply the parameters to the four points as in the figure below:
Result (2) The tooth appear as below:
Action (3) To create the two arcs of the first teeth:
1. Delete line 5 and 7 by graphically selecting them and chosing Delete in the context menu, as in the figure.
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2. Detect geometry defects (check the geometry)
3. Correct the intersections between point 6 and line 4 and between point 8 and line 3 by selecting the command Heal all intersections in the Tools menu. Four lines are created as a result
L 3
L 4 L 7
L 4
L 5
L 3
4. Merge the two arcs into a single one by activating the command Simplify lines in the Tools menu and selecting lines 4 and 5. The first arc is created line 9.
5. Create the second arc of the teeth by activating the command arc two points with center in the menu Construction/Lines and selecting point 1, point 7 and point 9 respectively
P1 P9
P7
Result (3) The firs teeth is created as in the figure below:
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Additional action
In order to carry out a repeated mesh (this action will be processed in the mesh description chapter in it necessary to create a segment as below:
Line 5
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2.5.8. About circular repetition
Circular repetition
The sketcher mode « Circular repetition » permits the user to repeat graphically an assembly of entities once or several times « Point » and « Line » in relation with a pivot point.
Circular repetition
The sketcher mode « Circular repetition » permits the user to repeat graphically an assembly of entities once or several times « Point » and « Line » in relation with a pivot point.
Access Cursor
icon
menu Tools Circular repetition
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2.5.9. Create the second and the third teeth by circular repetition
One circular repetition is required to create the second and the third tooth, as shown in the following figure.
Goal
360/TOOTH_N
Point 1
To create the Circular repetition from the menu Action
1. Select Tools and click on
Circular repetition
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2. Graphically select the lines to be repeated
3. Graphically select pivot point
4. Type 360/TOOTH_N for the angle between repetition
5. Type 2 for the number of repetition
6. Select connected to origin 7. Click on OK
Result The CIRCULAR transformation is listed in the data tree and the two other
teeth are created as below:
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2.5.10. Simplifiy the geometry
Goal The objective is to simplify the geometry to eliminate the useless points.
Simplify the geometry by selecting the command Simplify all lines in the Tools menu.
Action (1)
Result (1) The will for instance convert line 22 and line 3 into line 24 as well as line 23
and 1 into line 1.
L 22
L 3
L 23
L 1
Line 1
Line 24
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2.6. Creation of the probes
Introduction The next step of the geometry description the probes as in the figure below:
Contents This section contains the following topics:
Topic See Page Create two rectangles for the half of the probe 72 About symmetry 74 Create the second half of the probe by symmetry 75 Create the second probe by circular repetition 78
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2.6.1. Create two rectangles for the half of the probe
Goal The goal is to create two rectangles in order to create the first half of the probe (half of the magnet part + half of the coil part).
Action To create the first rectangle representing the first half of the magnet:
1. First select the coordinate system in which you want to create the geometry (WHEEL_CS)
Then from the …
Menu:
2. Select Rectangle diagonal
OR
Creation toolbar:
2. Click on the icon
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3. Set the first point of the diagonal with a
first left click 4. Moove the mouse in order to give the
view of the future rectangle as well as the data of creation (coordinates of the future diagonal point, width and length of the rectangle)
4. Second left click in order to: set the second point of the diagonal of
the rectangle validate the creation of the rectangle create the corresponding entities
« Point » and « Line »
5. Repeat steps 1 to 4 in order to create the second rectangle representing the first half of the coil
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2.6.2. About symmetry
Symmetry The mode of construction « Symmetry*» permits the graphic description of
the symmetry of an assembly of entities « Point » and « Line » in relation to: a standard line or a reference line a standard point or a reference point
* Do not mistake it with the « symmetry of the domain » (available in the menu Domain , which permits to define physically the study domain and geometrically the infinite box closing the study domain
Access / Cursor The different accesses and the personalized cursor for this mode of creation
are presented in the following table:
Access Cursor
icon
menu Tools Symmetry
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2.6.3. Create the second half of the probe by symmetry
Goal One Symmetry is required to create the second half of the probe, as shown in
the following figure.
Action (1) To create the Symmetry:
1. First select the coordinate system in which you want to create the geometry (WHEEL_CS)
Then from the …
Menu 2. Select Tools and click on
Symmetry OR
Tool bar: 2. Click on the icon
3. Graphically select the lines to be reproduced by symmetry
4. Graphically select the
symmetry axis 5. Select connected to
origin 6. Click on OK
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Result (1) The SYMMETRY transformation is listed in the data tree and the second half
of the probe is created as below
Action (2) Set the coordinates of the points of the probe by editing them as in the figure
below:
1. Select Point and chose Edit Array in the context menu.
2. Graphically select all the points of the first half of probe.
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odify the points coordinates with the geometric parameters as in the 3. Then m
figure below:
Result (2) t probe with the correct coordinates appear as below: The firs
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2.6.4. Create the second probe by circular repetition
Goal One circular repetition is required to create the second probe, as shown in
the following figure.
Action o create the Circular repetition from the menu T
1. Select Tools and click on
Circular repetition
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2. Graphically select the lines to be repeated
3. Type 1 as pivot point 4. Type ANGLE for the angle
between repetitions 5. Type 1 for the number of
repetition 6. Select No connected to
origin 7. Click on OK
Result The CIRCULAR1 transformation is listed in the data tree and the second
probe created as below:
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2.6.5. Rotation of the cogged wheel
Goal The goal is to rotate the cogged wheel in order to obtain the desired position
(30°).
Action (1) Modify ALPHA parameter and enter 30 as algebraic expression.
Result The cogged wheel rotates of 30° and one tooth is in front of the first probe as
in the figure below:
Action (2) er context, run the Check geometry command.
Before closing the sketch
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2.7. Close the sketcher context
Introduction
r context in order to start the mesh generation process. The geometry description is now finalized. It is necessary to close the sketche
Action Close the Sketcher context by clicking on the red cross as in the figure below:
Result t closes and the project opens in Flux standard geometry
conext. Face entities are created as well.
The Sketcher contex
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2.8. Completing the domain
Introduction The last stage of geometry building is adding an infinite box to close the
study domain.
Contents This section contains the following topics:
Topic See Page
About an infinite box 84 Add an infinite box 85
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2.8.1. About an infinite box
Infinite box technique
inite the infinite box technique.
The exterior domain (infinite) is linked to an image domain (called the
In the Flux software, using a mathematical transformation to model an infdomain is called
infinite box) through a space transformation.
Principle of use The use of the infinite box im assumes a null field at infining boundaries of the infinite box
in the physical module.
plicitly ty. The boundary conditions on the correspondiare set automatically
Type of infinite box
The infinite box available for 2D study domain and their characteristics are presented in the table below.
Infinite box Characteristics
disc: centered in (0,0) in the global coordinate
system comprises 8 points, 4 lines dimensions set by the user
Length and angle units
Length and angle units are those associated with the domain.
How to choose the dimensions?
The dimensions of the infinite box are defined by the user. This requires a certain experience because there is no general rule.
We can, however, give some advice: the distance between the device and the interior surface of the infinite box is
at least equal to the dimension of the device in this direction the dimensions of the infinite box are related to the mesh. In Flux 3D, the
number of elements on the thickness of the box must be roughly equal (at least) to two (second-order elements) or to three (first-order elements).
The mesh and the size of the infinite box must take into account the studied phenomena. The computations should be performed as follows: for computing of a global or a local quantity inside the device, it is
unnecessary to refine the mesh of the infinite box; for computing of the field created outside the device, it is necessary to
define the box of more significant size and to refine the mesh inside.
It is recommended to parameterize the dimensions of the infinite box to adjust its size during the meshing.
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2.8.2. Add an infinite box
Goal An infinite box will be added to close the study domain.
Data able.
The main characteristics of the infinite box are shown in the following t
Infinite box of Disc type
Internal radius External radius 60 70
Action e infinite box from the … To create th
Data tree: 1. Double-click
on Infinite box
OR
Geometry toolbar: 1. Click on the icon
2. Select Disc as type of the infinite box 3. Type 60 as internal radius 4. Type 70 as external radius
5. Click on OK
Result The infinite box is displayed in the graphic scene:
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3. Mesh generation of the sensor
Introduction This chapter presents the general steps of mesh generation of the computation
domain and the data required to describe the sensor meshing.
The meshed sensor is presented in the figure below.
Contents This chapter contains the following topics:
Topic See Page Strategy and tools for mesh generation of the sensor 89 Meshing the sensor with aided mesh 93 Optimize the mesh 101
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3.1. Strategy and tools for mesh generation of the sensor
Introduction This section shows the available meshing tools and the main stages for mesh
generation of the sensor.
Contents This section contains the following topics:
Topic See Page Available meshing tools and analysis before mesh generation 90 Main stages for mesh description 91
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3.1.1. Available meshing tools and analysis before mesh generation
Local / global mesh adjustments
d / or the local adjustment (manual).
The global adjustment permits to adjust the automatic mesh (triangles count certain geometry
thin, or close to each other but that are not part of the same geometry). It is done automatically thanks to the Aided Mesh tool box.
entity nt, y the user (creation and assignment of
esh tools).
Two solutions are offered to users for the mesh adjustment: the global adjustment (automatic) an
elements) of the whole domain taking into acconstraints (faces or lines that are distorted,
The local adjustment permits to locline) or a group of entities defined b
ally adjust the mesh near an (poi
m
Use Usually, it is advised to first mesh the device with the Aided mesh preset default values. Then if the user is not completely satisfied of the mesh quality, it is possible to adjust the default values of the aided mesh and /or to add some local mesh information where needed.
Device analysis and choice of mesh tools
An analysis of the device is necessary to determine the strategy of meshing, and the choice of mesh tools.
The analysis of the device and the mesh tools chosen within the framework of this tutorial are summarized in the table below.
The operations … it is planned …
to control the node density of the infinite box
to modify 2 predefined mesh
points LARGE and MEDIUM
MEDIUM
LARGE
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3.1.2. Main stages for mesh description
Outline
An outline of the mesh generating process is presented in the table below
Stage Description
.
1 Synchronize with aided mesh preset values 2 Mesh the device
3 Modification of 2 predefined m
Outer size infinite box mesh point: LARGE = 8 mm
esh points Inner size infinite box mesh point: MEDIUM = 4 mm
Assignment of the MEDIUM mesh point to points
MEDIUM
4
and assignment of the LARGE mesh point to points
LARGE
5 Creation of a mesh point MAG_MP = 0.5 mm
6
Assignment of the MAG_MP mesh point to the points of the two magnets
MAG_MP
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7 line to the external arcs of each tooth
Assignment of the MESHLINE_1 mesh
MESHLINE_1MESHLINE_1
8 Meshing: meshing lines meshing faces
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3.2. Meshing the sensor with aided mesh
Introduction e first s the sensor is meshing lines and faces with
ed mes
Thaid
tep of mesh generation of h preset values.
Contents This section contains the following topics:
Topic See Page Change to the mesh context 94 About the mesh context 95 About Aided mesh 96 Synchronize Aided mesh value and mesh lines and faces 97
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3.2.1. Change to the mesh context
Goal The Geometry context of Flux2D should be changed to the Mesh context.
Action To activate the Mesh context (display the Mesh toolbar) from the Context
toolbar:
1. Select the Mesh Context using the arrows
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3.2.2. About the mesh context
Tools of the mesh context description appear in the Flux2D window.
After having activated the Mesh context, toolbars dedicated to the mesh
The different toolbars and their principal roles are briefly described below. 1 2 3 4 5 6
7
Mesh context toolbars Function 1
To edit Aided mesh box
2
to create mesh entities
3 to assign mesh entities to geometric entitiesto clear all mesh information
4
to orient the mesh to structure the mesh
5
to mesh domain, lines and faces
6
to delete the mesh to check the mesh
7
to display mesh points, mesh lines, nodes, surface elements, mesh defects
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3.2.3. About Aided mesh
Introduction
ccount certain geometry
he Aided Mesh tool box.
The global adjustment permits to adjust the automatic mesh (triangles elements) of the whole domain taking into aconstraints (faces or lines that are distorted, thin, or close to each other but that are not part of the same geometry). It is done automatically thanks to t
Aided mesh The Aided Mesh box groups a list of tools preset with default values that are available to adjust the mesh globally: Aided mesh point (on free points) Deviation (on free lines/faces) Relaxation (on free line/ faces) The aided mesh is activated by default.
Use advised to first mes
the user is not completelyt the default values of the e local mesh
ation where needed.
e! If there is glo l and local ad l adjustment has the priority on global adjustment. In this case, the global adjustment
ation wil be assign on entitie l mesh information (free points, free lines and free faces.
Usually, it isThen if
h the device with the preset default values. satisfied of the mesh quality, it is possible
r to add somto adjusinform
aided mesh and /o
Not ba justment on the same project, the loca
inform l s that are free of loca
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3.2.4. Synchronize Aided mesh value and mesh lines and faces
Goal The computation domain will be meshed in the following way: meshing
and meshing faces.
lines
Action …
Mesh menu:
To mesh lines from the
1. Point on Mesh and click on Mesh lines
OR
Mesh toolbar: 1. Click on the icon
Result
The next figure is displayed in the graphic scene.
Continued on next page
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Action 3 To mesh faces from the …
Mesh menu: 1. Point on Mesh and click on Mesh faces
OR
Mesh toolbar: 1. Click on the icon
Result The results appear as below.
The output is displayed in the History zone: Total number of nodes --> 7481
Surface elements : Number of elements not evaluated : 0 % Number of excellent quality elements : 98.55 % Number of good quality elements : 1.29 % Number of average quality elements : 0.1 % Number of poor quality elements : 0 % meshFaces executed
Continued on next page
6
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Comments To optimize th vised to have at least a two
Infinite box and to dense and regularize the mesh in the probes and between the probe and cogged wheel (in order to take into account the physics).
e mesh, it is ad elements large
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3.3. Optimize the mesh
Introduction After a first mesh, it is necessary to optimize the mesh result by setting aided
values and adding some ‘local” mesh information
Contents This section contains the following topics:
Topic See Page About mesh tools 102 Modify the Aided relaxation on lines and faces 106 Assign mesh points to points 108 Create a mesh point 110 Assign the mesh point to points 111 Create a mesh line 113 Assign meshline to lines 115 Mesh lines and faces 117 Save the project and close the Flux2D window 119
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3.3.1. About mesh tools
Mesh To mesh the device is to subdivide the computation domain into finite
elements: nodes line elements face elements volume elements
Meshing tools The meshing tools accessible in the Mesh context are the following:
Tool Function Mesh point to control the size of mesh elements through
the geometric points Mesh line to control the size of mesh elements through
the geometric lines Mesh generator (or algorithms for meshing)
to perform the subdivision into finite elements on faces or volumes
Relaxation to control the repartition of the mesh density through lines, faces and volumes
Shadow To control the mesh in the area where two object are close (only in 3D)
Mesh point The Mesh point distributes nodes on the lines based on weights assigned to
points. The node spacing on a line between two end points with different mesh points is determined by interpolation, taking into consideration the different values at the two ends of the line.
Default mesh points
There are three predefined mesh points: SMALL MEDIUM LARGE
Their values are computed by Flux according to dimensions of the geometry of the device.
The default mesh point values proposed to the user are expressed in millimeters.
Continued on next page
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Mesh line The Mesh line diline length.
stributes nodes on the lines based on a subdivision of the
distribution of nodes on lines:
tributed in a geometrical progression (non-uniform distribution of
to take into account the node distribution on curved lines f the deviation type (repartition of nodes in function of a
We can distinguish two modes of uniformly distributed nodes: line elements of the same length (uniform
distribution of nodes) dis nodes
nodes) It is also possiblewith the Mesh line odeviation criteria)
Mesh generators generic me
- none (no mesh) h generators (assoc
- linked
r lux2D.
Mesh generator
The different mesh generators are the following: sh generators:
ic - automat- mapped
users mes iated with a transformation):
- extrusion The automatic mesh generato is used by default in F
Function automatic to create t
tetrahedra(option to apply deviation on faces in 3D)
riangular elements on the surfaces and l elements on the volumes
mapped to create quadrangular elements on surfaces and the hexahedral elements on the volumes
none (no mesh) to impose non meshed zones linked to impose the same mesh on faces linked by a geometric
transformation extrusion to reproduce the same mesh in layers on domains
obtained by extrusion (the volume elements are prisms or hexahedrons, depending on the mesh of the base faces)
Continued on next page
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Relaxation uality
e
Medium relaxation on lines
High relaxation on lines
Relaxation enables the creation of triangular or tetrahedral good qelements as big as possible depending of the size of geometrical entity. Thmesh is denser on small entities and more relaxed on bigger entities, depending on the relaxation coefficient. The example below show relaxation on lines:
Low relaxation on lines
Shadow (3D) Shadow can be applied on faces closed to each other in 3D only. Shadow
jects.
enables to take into account the proximity of disconnected ob
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3.3.2. Modify the Aided relaxation on lines and faces
Action as
Edit the Aided mesh box and modify the relaxation on lines and facesbelow.
1. Edit the Aided mesh box 2. Select Relaxation as parameters of aided
mesh 3. Select Low (r=0.25) as setting of
s relaxation
for lin 4. Select Low (r=0.25) as setting of relaxation
5. Click on OK
e
for faces
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3.3.3. Modify the mesh points
Goal The LARGE mesh point, applied to the points on the outer lines of the
infinite box, and the MEDIUM mesh point, applied to the points on the inner lines of the infinite box, will be modified.
Data The table below describes the new values for the LARGE and MEDIUM
mesh points.
Mesh points
Name Comment Value Color LARGE Large mesh size 8 Red MEDIUM Medium mesh size 4 Yellow
Action To modify the mesh points from the Data tree:
1. Click on LARGE and MEDIUM, keeping the Ctrl key pressed
2. Right click to open the contextual menu
and click on Edit array
3. Type 8 as
value for the LARGE mesh point
4. Type 4 as value for the MEDIUM mesh point
5. Click on OK
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3.3.4. Assign mesh points to points
Goal The mesh points will be assigned to the points on the infinite box as foll
the MEDIUM mesh point will be assigned to the points on the inner lines
ows:
MEDIUM
the LARGE mesh point will be assigned to the points on the outer lines
LARGE
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Action To assign mesh point to points from the …
Mesh menu: 1. Point on Assign mesh information
and click on Assign mesh point to points
OR
Mesh toolbar: 1. Click on the icon
2. Select the points in the graphic scene:
click on the points, keeping the Ctrl key pressed
=> its reference number enters 3. Select MEDIUM as mesh point 4. Click on OK
5. Repeat steps 2 to 4 in the nassign the LARGE mesh point to points(see the figure on the previous page)
ew dialog to …
6. Click on Cancel to quit the sequence
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3.3.5. Create a mesh point
Data The table below describes the characteristics of the mesh points for the probe.
Mesh point
Name Comment Unit Value Color MAG_MP Magnet mesh point millimeter 0.5 White
Action To create the mesh points from the …
Data tree: 1. Double-click on Mesh point
OR
Mesh toolbar: 1. Click on the icon
2. Type MAG_MP as name 3. Type Magnet mesh point as comment 4. In the Definition tab select MILLIMETER
as associated length unit 5. Type 0.5 as value of the mesh point 6. Click on the Appearance tab 7. Select White as color
8. Click on OK
9. Click on Cancel to quit the sequence
Result The new mesh point is listed in the data tree:
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3.3.6. Assign the mesh point to points
Goal The mesh points will be assigned to the points belonging to two magnets, as
shown in the figure below.
MAG_MP
Action To assign a mesh point to points from the …
Mesh menu:
1 Point on Assign mesh information and click on Assign mesh point to point
OR Mesh toolbar: 1. Click on the icon
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2. Click on 3. Click on Selection by
face
4. Select the face in the graphicscene:click on the four faces constituting the magnets
5. Click on Union
4. Select the face in the graphicscene:click on the four faces constituting the magnets
5. Click on Union
=> point reference
6. Select MAG_MP as mesh point7. Click on OK
numbers enter=> poi rence
6. Select MAG_MP as mesh point7. Click on OK
nt refe numbers enter
8. Click on Cancel to quit the sequence
Result The points to which the mesh point were assigned appear in white for the
magnets
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3.3.7. Create a mesh line
Data The table below describes the characteristics of the mesh line for teeth
extremities.
Mesh Line
Name Type Value Color MESHLINE_1 Relative deviation 1.0 White
Action To create the mesh line from the …
Data tree: 1. Double-click on Mesh point
OR
Mesh toolbar:
1. Click on the icon
2. Type Meshline_1 as name 3. In the Definition tab select
Relative deviation 4. Type 1.0 as value of the mesh
point 5. Click on the Appearance tab 6. Select White as color
7. Click on OK
8.
8. Click on Cancel to quit the sequence
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Result The new mesh line is listed in the data tree:
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3.3.8. Assign meshline to lines
Goal The meshline will be assigned to the lines constituting the extremity of the
cogged wheel. The goal is to increase the mesh density in the air gap between the teeth and the magnets when they are in front of each other.
Meshline_1
Action To assign a mesh line to lines from the …
Mesh menu:
2 Point on Assign mesh information and click on Assign meshline to lines
OR Mesh toolbar: 1. Click on the icon
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2. Select the lines in graphic viewmaintaining Ctrl key pressed
3. Select meshline_1
4. Click OK
2. Select the lines in graphic viewmaintaining Ctrl
4. Click OK
key pressed
3. Select meshline_1
9. Click on Cancel to quit the sequence
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3.3.9. Mesh lines and faces
Goal The computation domain will be meshed in the following way: meshing lines
and meshing faces.
Action 1 To mesh lines from the …
Mesh menu: 1. Point on Mesh and click on Mesh lines
OR
Mesh toolbar: 1. Click on the icon
Result 1 The next figure is displayed in the graphic scene.
Continued on next page
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Action 2 esh faces from the … To m
Mesh menu: 1. Point on Mesh and click on Mesh faces
OR
Mesh toolbar: 1. Click on the icon
Result 2 The next figure is displayed in the graphic scene.
The output is displayed in the History zone: Total number of nodes --> 15463
Surface elements : Number of elements not evaluated : 0 % Number of excellent quality elements : 99.4 % Number of good quality elements : 0.58 % Number of average quality elements : 0.01 % Number of poor quality elements : 0 % meshFaces executed
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3.3.10. Save the project and close the Flux2D window
Goal The current project wi Flux2D window will be closed to
return to the Flux Supervisor 11.1.
ll be saved and the
Action 1 To save the geomeshbuilt.FLU project from the …
Project menu: 1. click on Save
OR
Project toolbar: 1. click on the icone
Action 2 To close the Flux2D window from the …
Project menu: 1. click on Exit
OR
Project toolbar: 1. click on the icone
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4. Annex
Introduction This chapter describes the utilization of command files.
Contents This chapter contains the following topics:
Topic See Page About command files and the Python language 123 Execute command file 125
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4.1. Use of command files
Introduction This section describes the use of command files.
Contents This section contains the following topics:
Topic See Page About command files and the Python language 124 Execute command file 125
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4.1.1. About command files and the Python language
Introduction Instead of manually executing a series of repetitive actions in Flux, you can
save time by building and executing a command file that performs the task in our place automatically (like a WORD or EXCEL macro).
y
Command file: definition
A command file is a series of Flux commands and instructions wrimatically.
tten in the Python language intended to execute a series auto
Interest and file is useful for: accelerating the most frequent operations combining several commands performing a complex series of tasks
A comm
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4.1.2. Execute command file
Goal After making a copy of the py file (Flux2D_log.py) of the current project in a
new directory (Tutorial), we will restart the Flux2D window by executing this py file.
Action
To execute the py file from the Project menu:
1. Point on Execute command file… and click on Execute command file…
2. Select Preflu2D_log.py
3. Click on Open
vérifier le nom du fichier python…
Result The new files with .FLU extension are recreated in the new directory:
PROBE_2D.FLU WHEEL_BASE_2D.FLU SENSOR_2D.FLU