Geology of Puget Lowland Bluffs and Ravines
Transcript of Geology of Puget Lowland Bluffs and Ravines
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Geology of Puget
Lowland Bluffs and
Ravines
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The Maximum Extent of
the last glaciation,
approximately 15,000
years BCE.
Easterbrook, 1979
Seattle
Vashon
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Puget
Lobe, (Ice)
Advance OutwashProglacial Lake
Lake Sediments
Pre-glacial Sediments
Glacial Till
Mastodon
North
(Bellingham)
South
(Olympia)
Direction of Glacial Advance
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Glacial Till
Typical Puget Sound Bluff Stratigraphy
Advance
Outwash
Lake
Sediments
Pre-glacial
Sediments
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Transitional Beds in Tuck Creek
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Exposure of Advance Sand from the west wall of the Snoqualmie Valley near the Tolt
confluence
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Close up of Advance Sand from the west wall of
the Snoqualmie Valley near the Tolt confluence
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Glacial Till
near Duvall
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Photo by Shari Maria Silverman
Pre-Glacial
Sediments
Lake
Sediments
Advance
Outwash
Glacial Till
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Unmodified
Glacial Upland
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Troughs Scoured
by Subglacial
Meltwater Flow
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Glacier Ice
EarthSub-Glacial
meltwater Channel
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Earth
Glaciated Upland
Puget Sound
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Glaciated Upland
Puget Sound
Earth
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Glaciated Upland
Puget Sound
Earth
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Glaciated Upland
Puget Sound
Earth
Post-Glacial Ground Surface
Wave-cut Bench
Current Bluff
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Upland
Bluff
Wave-cut Bench
Deep Water
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COASTAL BLUFF PROCESSES
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Glaciated Upland
Puget Sound
Earth
Post-Glacial Ground Surface
Wave-cut Bench
Current Bluff
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Location
Rate (cm yr-1)
ft/century
Fetch (km)Source
Baby Island, Whidbey Is. 13 43 15 Keuler (1988)
Maylor Point, Whidbey Is. 15 49 15 Keuler (1988)
Penn Cove, Whidbey Is. 6.5 21 5 Keuler (1988)
Mutiny Bay, Whidbey Is. 11 36 10 Keuler (1988)
S. of Lake Handcock, Whidbey Is. 4 13 20 Keuler (1988)
Rocky Point, Whidbey Is. 14 46 > 50 Keuler (1988)
Camano Island, west side 3 10 10 Keuler (1988)
Smith Island 69 226 > 50 Keuler (1988)
North Beach, Quimper Pen. 6 20 > 50 Keuler (1988)
Shannon Point, Fidalgo Is. 20 66 10 Keuler (1988)
Skagit Co. (mean of 6 sites) 7.6±2.7 25 — Keuler (1988)
Skagit Co. (mean of 26 sites) 4.9±3.4 16 — Keuler (1988)
Port Williams 30 98 50 Eckler et al. (1979)
Sequim Bay 6 20 < 5 Eckler et al. (1979)
Port Angeles 90–150 394 > 50 Galster and Schwartz (1989)
Port Grey, B.C. 30–50 131 > 50 van Osch (1990)
Cowichan Head, B.C. 60 197 > 50 van Osch (1990)
Measured rates of Bluff retreat in Puget Sound (After Finlayson 2006)
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Bluff Retreat by Single-Grain Erosion
Bluffs south of Kayak Point in Snohomish County, Photo by Hugh Shipman
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Storm Creek, City of Shoreline
Photo, City of shoreline
Erosion by Flowing Water
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Woodway Landslide, 1997
Landslides
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Shallow
Debris
slides
Deep-
Seated
Landslides
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Shallow Landslides
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Video of a shallow debris slide
BNSF Railway
Everett to Seattle
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Video of deep-seated landslide
(Source: NASA Conceptual Image Lab https://svs.gsfc.nasa.gov/20226 2015-07-27)
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Perkins Ln, Seattle, 1996.
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Carlyon Beach\Hunter Point Landslide, 1999
Photo by Hugh Shipman
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Beach Formation and
Longshore Drift
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Glaciated Upland
Puget Sound
Earth
Post-Glacial Ground Surface
Wave-cut Bench
Current Bluff
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Low Tide Terrace
Back Beach
Beach Face
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Kulakala Point near Sequim
Photo by Hugh Shipman
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Warm Beach
Photo by Hugh Shipman
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Drift Cells
WA |DOE Coastal Zone Atlas
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Marrowstone Island, WA
. Photo: Kris Symer
Beach Sediment Composed of Lag from Bluff
Erosion
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QUESTIONS?
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-1
0
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1900 1950 2000 2050 2100
Feet
of
Sea
Leve
l Ris
e
Year
Uncertainty