GEOGRAPHICALLY SPEAKING, CHINA IS LARGER THAN THE UNITED STATES.
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Transcript of GEOGRAPHICALLY SPEAKING, CHINA IS LARGER THAN THE UNITED STATES.
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GEOGRAPHICALLY SPEAKING, CHINA IS LARGER THAN THE
UNITED STATES.
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CHINA IS A COMMUNIST COUNTRY.
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ALL FAMILIES IN CHINA ARE LIMITED TO ONE CHILD.
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GENERALLY SPEAKING, PARENTS HOPE TO HAVE BABY
GIRLS, NOT BOYS.
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CHINA’S OFFICAL RELIGION IS BUDDHISM.
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MEN IN CHINA LOOKING TO GET MARRIED ARE VERY LUCKY
BECAUSE THERE ARE A LOT MORE WOMEN, SO THEY HAVE A GOOD CHANCE OF FINDING
THE WOMAN OF THEIR DREAMS.
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FOOD SUPPLY HAS BEEN A PROBLEM FOR CHINA
THROUGHOUT ITS HISTORY.
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MANY MODERN COUNTRIES GAINED THEIR INDEPENDENCE
THROUGH REVOLUTION. CHINA’S REVOLUTION TOOK
PLACE IN THE MID 1800S.
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THE GREAT WALL OF CHINA WAS BUILT TO KEEP UNHAPPY PEASANTS FROM LEAVING CHINA, WHICH WOULD HAVE RESULTED IN
A LABOR SHORTAGE AND HUGE ECONOMIC PROBLEMS. IN OTHER WORDS, THE WALL WAS BUILT TO KEEP PEOPLE IN,
NOT OUT, JUST LIKE THE BERLIN WALL.
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LEADERSHIP OF THE COMMUNIST PARTY
workers
peasants
bourgeoisie
Patriotic capitalists
• stars are evenly spread and all point back to the larger star
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FATCS & FIGURES
• CONTINENT? - Asia
• POPULATION? - 1,330,044,605
• GOV’T? – Communist (capital is Beijing)
• RELIGIONS? – Taoist, Buddhist, Christian, Muslim(officially atheist)
• HOW OLD? – Oldest civilization in the world
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GEOGRAPHY
WEST• Rugged, forbidding terrain
• Himalayas close the SW part of the country
EAST• Borders the Pacific Ocean
• Fertile river valleys and plains
• Good place for life to flourish, unlike the west
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MOUNTAINS
Mts. Cover 1/3 of the country, mostly in the west
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RIVERS
3 main rivers drain the eastern basin:
1. Huang He (Yellow River)
2. Chang Jiang (Yangtze)
3. Xi Jiang
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CLIMATE
• Very diverse climate ranging from tropical in the south to subarctic in the north
• Melting snow and monsoon seasons provide fertile farming areas
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CHINESE NEW YEAR
• Calendar dates back many centuries and is based on the moon and the sun
• Calendar is cyclical (12 cycles, complete cycles are 60 years made of shorter cycles of 12 years)
• Year can be named 3 ways:1. Animal (rat, dragon, monkey…)2. Traditional name (Wu Zi)3. Number (2008 = 4705)
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ANIMALS OF THE CALENDAR
• RAT, OX, TIGER, RABBIT, DRAGON, SNAKE, HORSE, GOAT, MONKEY, ROOSTER, DOG, BOAR
2011 is the year of the RABBIT
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List 3-5 adjectives that describe you
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Write 3-5 sentences that describe you. Consider personality traits,
health, morals, likes/dislikes, attitude about health, family and friends…
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List 2-3 celebrities you would like to be
http://www.chineseastrology.com/wu/celebrity.html
http://tarot.com/chinese-astrology/gallery_Celebrity-Chinese-New-Year
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DYNASTIES G.O.
ZHOUHow? –
When? –
Son of Heaven –
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ZHOU cont.
Agricultural System –
Technological Advances
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WHAT IS PHILOSOPHY?
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WHAT IS THE PURPOSE OF LIFE?
HOW DID WE GET HERE AND WHY ARE WE HERE?
WHAT IS HAPPINESS?
WHAT IS THE ROLE OF GOVERNMENT?
WHAT MORALS/VALUES SHOULD WE LIVE BY?
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CHINESE PHILOSOPHIES
• During the late Zhou period scholars sought solutions to problems:
a. Political breakdownb. Social disorders
• Efforts led to new philosophies that focused on
a. life in this world b. how this life should be lived
(not great emphasis on the afterlife)
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BUDDHISM
DAOISM
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CONFUCIANISM
KONGUZI (Confucius)
• Born in 551 B.C.• Taught that “social
harmony” and “good gov’t” would return to China if people lived according to ethics – good conduct and moral judgment
• Golden rule “Do not do unto others what you would not want others to do unto you”
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CONFUCIANISM cont.
5 RELATIONSHIPS
• Confucius stressed the importance of moral behavior in 5 basic relationships
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5 RELATIONSHIPS
1
RULER &
SUBJECT
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5 RELATIONSHIPS
2
Parent&
Child
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5 RELATIONSHIPS
3
Husband&
Wife
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5 RELATIONSHIPS
4
Old&
Young
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5 RELATIONSHIPS
5
Friend&
Friend
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CONFUCIANISM cont.
• He cared most about family relationships and a child’s respect for parents (filial piety)
• Died in 479 B.C.
• Analects – teachings were written down into this book
• Greatly influenced Chinese society/politics until early 1900s
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DAOISM
LAOZI• Lived in the 500s b.c.
• Stressed living in harmony with nature
• Followers believed people should give up worldly ambitions and turn to nature and the dao
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DAOISM cont.
• Dao – universal force that guides all the things
• Focus on nature greatly emphasized Chinese art
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DAOISM cont.
Yin and Yang• two opposing forces
present in all nature (everything has both)
• Yin – cool, dark, female
• Yang – warm, light, male
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BUDDHISM
• Entered China during the end of the Han dynasty
• Emphasis on personal salvation and nirvana was appealing
• Widely accepted by the 400s A.D.
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SOCIETY & CULTURE
• During the Han Dynasty the ideas of Confucius influenced all aspects of personal and social life
• The family became most important aspect of Chinese society
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FAMILY
• Every member knew their place and role
• Hierarchy – organization based on separate levels of importance
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FAMILY ORGANIZATIONOLDEST MALE (father)
Oldest Son
Mother
Oldest daughter
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FAMILY RULES
• Very strict rules governed the family
• Nobody wanted to bring shame on the family name
• Expected to pay respect to dead ancestors (ancestor worship)
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CHINA IN THE 1800’sOPENED UP BY THE WEST
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IMPERIALISM IN ASIA
• Imperialism – policy of building an empire
• During the 1800s many European countries wanted control of Asian territory for trade
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IMPERIALISM cont.
• China had become weaker during the rule of the Qing Dynasty (1644-1912)
• European powers (Great Britain, Spain, Portugal…) were trying to establish a sphere of influence – area where they had exclusive trading rights
• This would eventually lead to the “opening up” of China and drastically changed the course of Chinese history
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MAJOR EVENTS IN THE 1800s/EARLY 1900s
OPIUM WAR
BOXER REBELLION
REVOLUTION OF 1911
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OPIUM WAR
• British started using opium as cash payment for goods
• 1839 – Chinese gov’t tried to get them to stop, didn’t work
• War broke out and the British easily won
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OPIUM WAR cont.
Treaty of Nanking• “Unequal treaty” that
gave G.B.1. Payment for war
losses2. Control of Hong
Kong3. Extraterritoriality –
right to live under their own laws and courts
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BOXER REBELLION
• Anti-foreign feelings led to creation of secret societies (remove foreign influence)
• Righteous and Harmonious Fists was one of them (Boxers)
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BOXER REBELLION cont.
• 1900 – Boxers carried out attacks against foreigners and Chinese Christians
• Western countries & Japan sent a combined force to end the uprising
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REVOLUTION OF 1911
• After the Boxer Rebellion the last dynasty, Qing, struggled to hold onto power
• Many Chinese believed the time had come to end the rule of dynasties in China
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REVOLUTION OF 1911 cont.
• Leader was Sun Yat-sen
• Goal was to modernize China based on 3 principles:1. Nationalism2. Democracy3. Livelihood
• 1912 – Sun is named first president of the new Chinese Republic (end of dynasties)
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CHINA’S DRIVE FOR MODERNIZATION
modernization
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CHINA’S DRIVE FOR MODERNIZATION
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TIMELINE OF BIG TROUBLE IN BIG CHINA
1912 – Sun Yat-Sen becomes first
president of new Republic of China
• 2 months later he is ousted by Yuan Shigai (becomes a dictator)
• Sun creates the Guomindang – nationalist party
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TIMELINE OF BIG TROUBLE IN BIG CHINA
1916
• Yuan Shigai dies
• China slips into chaos
• Warlords (local military leaders) divide the country amongst themselves
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TIMELINE OF BIG TROUBLE IN BIG CHINA
1923
• With the aid of the USSR & Chiang Kai-shek, the Guomindang army grew in strength
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TIMELINE OF BIG TROUBLE IN BIG CHINA
1926-1928• Chiang leads army to
victory over warlords
• Guomingdang sets up a gov’t in Nanjing in 1928
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RIVALRY WITH THE COMMUNISTS
• Communists - a group that originally supported Chiang but eventually tried to take over the Guomindang in 1927
• Mao Zedong – leader of the Communist Party (Red Army)
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COMMUNISTS & PEASANTS
Communists gained support of peasants by overthrowing local landlords and giving
land to peasants
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RED ARMY
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THE LONG MARCH
1934 – Red Army was in danger of being crushed
-went on a 6,000 mile (16 miles/day)
-100,000 started, about 8,000 survived
- unified/strengthened the RA
http://users.erols.com/mwhite28/longmarc.htm
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CHINESE CIVIL WAR
• By 1949 Mao’s forces defeated Chiang’s Nationalist forces
• Created the People’s Republic of China (Beijing)
• Nationalists fled to the island of Taiwan (Republic of China – capital at Taipei)
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BOOKLETS
• Cover Pages – Title: China’s Drive for Modernization– Name in lower right-hand corner
• Page: Title (Year)– Picture of event(s) of that year– Written explanation of the events
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TAIWAN
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HISTORY
• Since 1949 both the Nationalists & Communists believe they rightfully control it
• 1988 – moved towards democracy as political parties were allowed to challenge the Nationalists
• 1997 – Lee Teng-hui won the first democratic presidential election
• Future is uncertain
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CHINA AFTER MAO
• Mao died in 1976
• Deng Xiaoping - became the new leader
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FOUR MODERNIZATOINS
AGRICULTURE
INDUSTRY
SCIENCE
DEFENSE
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TIANANMEN SQUARE
• June 4, 1989 – 100,000 people in Beijing rallied for democracy
• Troops/tanks sent in (thousands killed)
• Damaged Chinese image abroad
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HU JINTAO – PRESIDENT OF CHINA