Geographic Information System - ArcView
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Transcript of Geographic Information System - ArcView
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Geographic Information System - ArcView
University at BuffaloSummer Institute 2003
May 12, 2003
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Course Overview You will learn
- how to make a thematic map- how to query a map and table- how to join a table to a map- how to analyze spatial relationships- how to present the result- how to create geographic data
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Introduction to GIS
ArcView_module_1May 12, 9:00 AM
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Outline What is GIS? What can GIS do? GIS applications What’s special about GIS? How it works (term definition)
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Definition An information system that is
designed to work with geographically referenced data
What is GIS?
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Layers
GIS organizes the information about place by layers
What is GIS?
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Layers
Modeling the phenomenon…
Group of spatial objects with related entity type
Digital Representation of Spatial Entities
Phenomenon of interest in the real world
Layers
Spatial Objects
Spatial Entities
e.g. point, line, polygon
e.g. city layer, SARS layer, Tornado layer
e.g. urban growth, Tornado movementSARS spread, crime, consumer behavior
Abstraction
What is GIS?
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Link bet/w map and attribute
In GIS, spatial objects are linked to attributes
Representing in computer…
What is GIS?
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Multidisciplinary Science Geography Mathematics Remote Sensing Cartography Surveying Statistics Computer Science Geodesy Operations Research
What is GIS?
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FunctionalitiesWhat can GIS do?
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Spatial Component Estimates are that 80% of all data
has a spatial component.
Data from most sciences can be analyzed “spatially”.
What can GIS do?
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ArcView GIS ArcView GIS lets you create map display
s and maps for presentation simply by pointing and clicking.
ArcView GIS lets you visualize and analyze information in new ways, revealing previously hidden relationships, patterns, and trends.
What can GIS do?
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“The application of GIS is only limited by the imagination of those who use it.” Archaeology, agriculture, banking, defense and intellig
ence, electric and gas, engineering- pipeline, engineering- surveying, federal government, fire/EMS/disaster/homeland security, forestry, health and human services, insurance, education, landscape architecture, law enforcement and criminal justice, libraries and museums, location service, marine/cost/oceans, media, mining/earth science, natural resources, petroleum, real estate, retail business, state and local government, telecommunications, transportation, universities, and water/wasterwater
GIS applications
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Network solutionsGIS applications
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Ecosystem managementGIS applications
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3D mine with well dataGIS applications
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Environmental monitoring toxic plume
GIS applications
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Site location and client distance
GIS applications
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Modeling of future trendsGIS applications
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Integration
Most problems exist in a geographic context. GIS puts various themes together.
What’s special about GIS?
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Visualization
Maps are worth a thousand words
What’s special about GIS?
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Map features The objects represented on maps
Each map feature has a location, a representative feature type, and a symbol that represents one or more of its characteristics.
How GIS works? Term definition for ArcView users
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Feature types Points (e.g. Schools, train stations,
fire stations, and buildings in small scale)
Lines (e.g. Highways, railroads, bridges, and creeks)
Polygons (e.g. Parks, lake, and buildings in large scale)
How GIS works? Term definition for ArcView users
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Attributes Information about map features Stored as Tables
ID Name Address1 Joe 123 University ave2 Betsy 452 Maple Rd3 Alan 1040 Millersport Hwy4 Marie 1500 Main St
Fields (column)
Records(row)
Term definition for ArcView users
How GIS works?
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Themes In ArcView, the layers are called themes
A set of related map features that are linked to attributes
(e.g. roads, parcels, wildlife habitat)
Term definition for ArcView users
How GIS works?
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GIS Database All the themes for a geographic area ta
ken together
often called spatial database
Term definition for ArcView users
How GIS works?