GEO BON Group on Earth Observations Biodiversity Observing Network
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Transcript of GEO BON Group on Earth Observations Biodiversity Observing Network
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GEO BON Group on Earth Observations
Biodiversity Observing Network
RJ (Bob) Scholes Chair, GEO BON
CSIR Natural Resources and Environment
PO Box 395, Pretoria 0001, South Africa
IGOS-GEO Symposium, Washington DC
19 November 2009
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The mission, paraphrased
• What forms of biodiversity are changing
• Where, and
• Why; and
• with what consequences?
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Where are we at?
• Stakeholder endorsement received- Users: CBD, IPBES, IUCN, National nature protection agencies - Providers: Biodiversity NGOs, GBIF, Space Agencies
• Founding documents (Concept and Implementation Plan) accepted• A network has been formed, committee and task groups appointed• Detailed design in progress• Work underway on early products
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GEO BON Early Products: Example 1Protected Areas Monitoring Pilot
Species from GBIF
PA boundaryFrom WCMC
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Early products Example 2Continuous Plankton Recorder
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Scholes, RJ et al 2008 Towards a global biodiversity observation system. Science 321,1044-5
Various
ITISCatalog of Life
GBIF GenBankBOLD
GBIF
WWF-Living Planet
IUCNRed list
GOFC/GOLDGEOSS
WCMC
GEOSS
Spaceagencies
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Some missing pieces
• A global database of interaction observations- Food webs (who eats who?)- Pollinators- Hosts and pathogens/parasites - Symbionts, mutualists
• A community/plot/site database- Species that co-occur
• Relative or absolute abundances- Community attributes
• Functional type profile (broadleaf, needleleaf, grass…)• Structure (Height, crown cover, biomass, leaf area…)• Function (NPP, albedo, bulk conductance…)
• Uses of biodiversity (societal benefits)- Nature of use (food, fibre, medicinal, cultural…)- Use intensity- Value
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Making the links
Gene sequences
Organisms (indexed by species)
Ecosystems
Persistent identifier
Non-biodiversity dataSpatial location
Interactions Functional types
Abundances (indexed by popn,polygon and time)
spec
ies
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Simplicity in complexity: A biodiversity syntax[optional] (quality control)
• Nouns: What, where, when,[how many],(by who),(how)- Ecosystem extent- Species presence/absence/abundance record- Genetic record
• Adjectives: A is a member of B (says who) (when)- Nested taxonomies- Cladistics- Functional types- Communities
• Verbs: A performs action C on B [intensity] (where)(when)(by who)- Food webs- Non-tropic interactions- Ecosystem service flows
Hypothesis: there are just three basic types of record
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A natural succession in biodiversity information
1. Presence/absence2. Abundance
1. Confidence intervals2. Time series3. Known individuals
3. Genetic relatedness, phylogenetics4. Species interactions
Simple
Complex
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Dealing with institutional diversity and complexity
Observers/data holders
Brokers/intermediaries
Users Countries &Organisations
TDWG
GBIFGenBank GxOS
GEOSS
WCMCEncyc of Life
Nations
Space agenciesLocal biodivNGOs
National/local
Inter-national /global
public
GEO BON
researchers
Internationalbodies
InternationalEnvironmentNGOs
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Information divergence versus convergence
Reduce rate of biodiversity loss
Rate of loss Sustainable use ThreatsEcosystems
IntegrityTraditionalknowledge
Benefitsharing
Financialresources
Indicators
Goals
Subtargets
2010 target
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Example of an integrated indicator
Biodiversity Intactness %
Species richness (R)
Change in abundance (I)
Land cover/use (A)Ecosystem type
AR
IAR
jkij
ijkjkij
i j k
i j kBII
Scholes, RJ and R Biggs (2005) A biodiversity intactness index Nature 434, 45-9
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Some thoughts on the post-2010 targets• A positive vision
- Perhaps based on avoidance of critical thresholds- eg Increasing natural capital, sufficient supply of key services- Stay within adaptive limits
• Based on the possible and desired, rather than the readily available
• Small set that is socially relevant and specific- Health, food and other ecosystem services, hazard avoidance- Key ecosystems: eg Amazon, Great Barrier Reef etc- Central tendency and limits at ecosystem, species and gene levels
• Gene level• Phyllogenetic richness • The genetic foundation of the global food basket
• Species level• Broad-based abundance (population trends in several thousand representative
species)• Risk of extinction (eg red list index)
• Ecosystem level• Natural capital (the capacity to deliver ecosystem services)• Effective extent of critical ecosystems
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Achieving the power of integration within GEOSS
BiodiversityBI-07-01b Invasive Species Monitoring System
BI-07-01c Capturing Historical and New Biodiversity Information
EcosystemsEC-09-01a: Ecosystem Classification and Mapping
EC-09-01b: Ecosystem Status and Trends EC-09-01c: Regional Networks for Ecosystems
EC-09-01d: Protected Areas Assessment and Monitoring EC-09-02a: Impact of Tourism on Environmental and Socio-Economic Activities
EC-09-02b: Impact of Transport Infrastructure Development EC-09-02c: Vulnerability of Sea Basins
EC-09-02d: Vulnerability of Mountain Regions
AgricultureAG-06-02: Data Utilization in Fisheries and Aquaculture
Disturbances DI-09-03b: Implementation of a Fire Warning System at Global Level
HealthHE-09-03c: Ecosystems, Biodiversity and Health EN-07-02: Energy Environmental Impact Monitoring CL-09-01a: Enhanced Climate, Weather, Water and Environmental Prediction CL-09-01b: Climate Information for Decision-making and Adaptation
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What is going on in 2010• Early Products’ throughout 2010, the International Year of
Biodiversity
• GEO BON all working group meeting,
Asilomar, USA 22-25 Feb 2010
• The run-up to the CBD
- Preparatory science conference, Nagoya, Japan
22-23 March 2010
- Inputs to CBD SBSTTA, Nairobi,May 2010
- World Biodiversity Day, 20 May 2010
- UN General Assembly special session on Biodiversity,
September 2010
- CoP in October 2010