GeneticDevelopmentTreatments 10 20 30 40 50 Genetics - 10 This reproduction method allows the...
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Transcript of GeneticDevelopmentTreatments 10 20 30 40 50 Genetics - 10 This reproduction method allows the...
Genetics - 10
• This reproduction method allows the mutated genes in eukaryotes to get passed on to offspring.
Genetics- 20
• This mutation is inherited and is present in the egg or sperm that formed the child. Although it’s found in only a few cancers, this mutation can passed to the next generation.
• When someone has inherited an abnormal copy of a gene, their cells already start out with one mutation, making it easier for enough mutations to build up for a cell to become cancerous.
Genetics- 40
• What is penetrance, and why do inherited mutations that have incomplete penetrance lead to cancer?
• Penetrance: the proportion of dominant genes carrying a mutation who will have the trait, syndrome, or disease
• Since incomplete penetrance means that not everyone with the mutation will get cancer, there needs to be one more mutation in the gene for it to stop working.
Genetics- 50
• What is one difference in cancer causation between tumor suppressor genes and oncogenes?
• Oncogenes result from the activation (turning on) of proto-oncogenes, but tumor suppressor genes cause cancer when they are inactivated (turned off).
Development- 10
• The cell’s failure to do this, a way to commit suicide when the DNA is damaged, causes the spread of cancer cells.
Question 2 - 20
• This enzyme found in 90% of all cancer cells, allow for the continuation of cell division by adding these at the end of chromosomes whenever they are depleted after cell division.
Development- 30
• In cancerous cells, this checkpoint which ensures that all chromosomes have been correctly replicated and that DNA is not damged, is skipped.
Development- 40
• These protein that regulate sister chromatids separation during cell division is unfunctional in some cancer cells.
Treatment- 10
• This method for treating cancer involves blasting high energy rays at a specific cancerous site.
Treatment- 20
• This treatment of disease by the use of chemical substances, especially the treatment of cancer by cytotoxic and other drugs.
Treatment- 30
• Scientists are trying to find ways to restore this mutated gene in cancerous cells which stops the cell cycle for DNA repair