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Genetic Engineering and Stem Cells

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* Restriction enzymes: * Have sticky ends or overhangs of DNA. * This helps to glue in the gene of interest in the right direction. * Must find a plasmid with the appropriate sticky ends that match your gene.

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* Polymerase Chain Reaction * Taq polymerase * Nucleotides * Thermocycler * http://www.dnalc.org/resources/animations/pcr.htm http://www.dnalc.org/resources/animations/pcr.htm

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* Gel Electrophoresis: * http://www.dnalc.org/resources/animations/gel electrophoresis.html http://www.dnalc.org/resources/animations/gel electrophoresis.html * Gene Chip: * http://www.sumanasinc.com/webcontent/anima tions/content/dnachips2.html http://www.sumanasinc.com/webcontent/anima tions/content/dnachips2.html * How could gene chip technology transform medicine as we know it?

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* Learn how a mouse is cloned. * http://learn.genetics.utah.edu/content/cloning/ clickandclone/ http://learn.genetics.utah.edu/content/cloning/ clickandclone/ * Many copies of identical mice are cloned from mouse embryos. You can have essentially 1000 identical twins with the same genetics. * This has been used in science for many years.

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* Epigenetic patterns already in place (how is DNA tagged to turn genes on and off?) * Transplantation process is costly. * Cells are genetically older. Telomerase has been deactivated.