TABLE 331.1.1 (CONT'D) REQUIREMENTS FOR HEAT TREATMENT

- - - - - - - - -

Specifled ~ l n r Holding l lme Base Temile Metal Weld Metal Nwnlnal Wall Strength, Base Nomlnal Wall Brlncll P-No. Analpin B a ~ e Thickness Melal Metal Temperature Range [Note ( 3 1 Mln. Hardness,

or S-No. A-Number Metal Time, [Note (411 [Note (113 [Note (211 Group mm In. MPa bi 'C O F mlnlmm hrlln. hr Man.

10H .. . Duplex stalnkss steel All All All All Note (7) Note (7) 1.2 % % ... 27Cr steel

8N1, 9N1 steel

4 11A SO 2 .. . 5NI steel 0

62 . . . Zr R60705

All All All All 663-704 1225-1300 2.4 1 1 . . . [Note (6)l [Note (611

s 51 5 2 All All None None ... ... . . . -.. > 51 > 2 All All 552-585 1025-1085 2.4 1 1 . . .

[Note (811 [Note (8))

> 5 1 > 2 All All 552-585 1025-108 2.4 1 1 ... ' [Note (811 [Note (8)l

All All All All 538-593 1000-1100 N O t t Note 1 . . . [Note (913 [Note (911 (9) (9).

NOTES: (1) P-Number or S-Number from BPV Code, Section 1% QWQB-422. (2) A-Number from Sealon IX, QW442. (3) For holdlng tlm In SI metrlc unlts use m M m (mlnutn per mm thlckncss). For U.S. unlts, use hmn. thlckness. (4) See para. 331.1.7. (5) Cool as rapldly as posslblc after the hold p l o d . (6) Coollng rate to 649-C 11200°F) shall be less than 56.C (100.F)hr; thereafter, the coollng rateshall be fastenough to p m n t embrittkment. (7) Postweld heat t r e a t m t Is neither rrqulred nor prohlblted, but any heat treatment applled shall be as resulred In thc materlal speclflcatlon. (13) Coollng rate h a l l be > lb7*C (300'F)hr l o 316-C (600°F). (9 ) Heat treat wlthln 14 days after weldlng. Hold tlme shall be Increased by \ hr for each 25 mm (1 In.) over 25 mm thlckness. Cool to

427% (800°F) at a rate 5 27a°C (50O0F)hr, per 25 mm (1 In.) nomlnal thlckness, 27O0C (500aFl/hr max. Cool In glll alr from 427OC (8OO0F).

(10) See Amndlx F, para. F331.1.

ASME B313-1999 Edition 331.2-3323

para. 331.1 may be adopted as provided in paras. 331.2.1 and 331.2.2.

331.21 Alternative Heat Treatment. Normalizing, or normalizing and tempering, or annealing may be applied in lieu of the required heat treatment after welding, bending, or forming, provided that the mechan- ical properties of any affected weld and base metal meet specification requirements after such treatment and that the substitution is approved by the designer.

331.2.2 Exceptions to Basic Requirements. As indi- cated in para. 331. the basic practices therein may require modification to suit service conditions in some cases. In such cases, the designer may specify more stringent requirements in the engineering design, includ- ing heat treatment and hardness limitations for lesser thickness, or may specify less stringent heat treatment and hardness requirements, including none.

(a) When provisions less stringent than those in para. 331 are specified, the designer must demonstrate to the owner's satisfaction the adequacy of those provisions by comparable service experience, consihring service temperature and its effects, frequency and intensity of thermal cycling. flexibility stress levels. probability of brittle failure, and other pertinent factors. In addition, appropriate tests shall be conducted, including WPS qualification tests.

331.23 Dissimilar Materials '(a) Heat treatment of welded joints between dissimi-

lar femtic metals or between femtic metals using dissimilar femtic filler metal shall be at the higher of the.temperature ranges in Table 331.1.1 for the materials in the joint. (6) Heat treatment of welded joints including both

ferritic and austenitic components and filler metals shall be as required for the ferritic material or materials unless otherwise specified in the engineering design.

331.24 Delayed Heat Treatment. If a weldment is allowed to cool prior to heat treatment, the rate of cooling shall be controlled or other means shall be used to prevent detrimental effects in the piping.

331.2.5 Partial Heat Treatment When an entire piping assembly to be heat treated cannot be fitted into

331.26 6 Heat Treatment When heat treatment is applied locally, a circumferential band of the run pipe. and of the branch where applicable, shall be heated until the specified temperature range exists over the entire pipe section(s), gradually diminishing beyond a band which includes the weldment or the bent or formed section and at least 25 rnm (1 in.) beyond the ends thereof.

332 BENDING AND FORMING

3321 General

Pipe may be bent and components may be formed by any hot or cold method which is suitable for the material. the fluid service, and the severity of the bending or forming process. The finished surface shall be free of cracks and substantially free from buckling. Thickness after bending or forming shall be not less than that required by the design.

3322 Bending

332.21 Bend Flattening. Flattening of a bend, the difference between maximum and minimum diameters at any cross section, shall not exceed 8% of nominal outside diameter for internal pressure and 3% for exter- nal pressure. Removal of metal shall not be used to achieve these requirements.

332.2.2 Bending Temperature (a) Cold bending of ferritic materials shall be done

at a temperature below the transformation range. (b) Hot bending shall be done at a temperature above

the transformation range and in any case within a temperature range consistent with the material and the intended service.

332.2.3 Corrugated and Other Bends. Dimensions and configuration shall confonn to the design qualified in accordance with para. 306.2.2.

the furnace, it is permissible to heat treat in more than 332.3 Forming

one heat. provided there is at 1-t 300 mm (1 ft) overlap between successive heats, and that parts of the The temperature range for forming shall be consistent assembly outside the furnace are protected from harmful with material. intended service. and specified heat temperature gradients. treatment.

3 P Y R I G H T 1999 Standards New Zealand jeptember 10, 1999 11 :51:00

Information Handling Services,

3324 Required Heat Treatment

Heat treatment shall be performed in.accordance with para. 331 -1.1 when r e q u i d by the following. ,

332.4.1 Hot Bending and Forming. After hot bend- ing and forming, heat treatment is required for P-Nos. 3,4,5,6, and IOA materials in all thicknesses. Durations and temperatures shall be in accordance with para. 331.

3324.2 Cold Bending and Forming. After cold bending and forming, heat treatment is required (for all thicknesses, and with tempemure and duration as given in Table 331.1.1) when any of the following conditions exist: (a) for P-Nos. 1 through 6 materials, where the

maximum calculated fiber elongation after bending or forming exceeds 50% of specified basic minimum elon- gation (in the direction of severest forming) for the applicable specification, grade, and thickness. This r e quirement may be waived if it can be demonstrated that the selection of pipe and the choice of bending or forming process provide assurance that. in the finished condition, the most severely strained material retains at least 10% elongation.

(b) for any material requiring impact testing. where the maximum calculated fiber elongation after bending or forming will exceed 5%;

(c) when specified in the engineering design.

333 BRAZING AND SOLDERING

333.1 Qualification

333.1.1 B ~ n g Qdiiicatiott. The qualification of brazing procedures, brazers, and brazing operators shall be in accordance with the requirements of the BPV Code, Section IX, Part QB. For Category D Fluid Service at .design temperature not o v a 93OC (200°F). such qualification is at the owner's option.

333.2 B- and Sddering Materials

333.2.1 Filler Metal. The brazing alloy or solder shall melt and flow freely within the specified or desired temperature range and, in conjunction with a suitable flux or controlled atmosphere. shall wet and adhere to the surfaces to be joined.

333.2.2 Flux. A flux that is fluid and chemically active at brazing or soldering temperature shall be used when necessary to eliminate oxidation of the filler metal and the surfaces to be joined, and to promote free flow of brazing alloy or solder.

3333 Preparation

333.3.1 Surface Preparation. The surfaces to be brazed or soldered shall be clean and free from grease, oxides, paint, scale, and dirt of any kind. A suitable chemical or mechanical cleaning method shall be used if necessary to provide a clean wettable surface.

3333.2 Joint Clearance The clearance between sur- faces to be joined by soldering or brazing shall be no larger than necessary to allow complete capillary distribution of the filler metal.

333.4 Requirements

333.4.1 Soldering Procedure. Solderers shall follow the procedure in the Copper Tube Handbook of the Copper Development Association.

333.4.2 Heating. To minimize oxidation, the joint shall be brought to brazing or soldering temperature in as short a time as possible without localized un: derheating or overheating.

333.4.3 Flux RemovaL Residual flux shall be r e moved if detrimental.

335 ASSEMBLY AND ERECTION

335.1 General

335.1-1 Alignment (a) Piping Distortions. Any distortion of piping to

bring it into alignment for joint assembly which intm- duces a detrimental. strain in equipment or piping compo- mnts is prohibited.

(b) Cold spring. Before assembling. any joints to be cold sprung, guides, supports. and anchors shall be examined for errors which might interfere with desired movement or lead to undesired movement. The gap or overlap of piping prior to assembly shall be checked against the drawing and corrected if necessary. Heating shall not be used to help in closing the gap because it defeats the purpose of cold springing.

(c) Flanged Joints. Before bolting up, flange faces shall .be aligned to the design plane within 1 mm in 200 ('/16 inlft) measured across any diameter; flange bolt holes shall be aligned within 3 mm (1/8 in.) maximum offset.

335.2 Flanged Joints

335.21 Preparation for Assembly. Any damage to the gasket seating surface which would prevent gasket seating shall be repaired, or the flange shall be replaced.

lOPYRIGHT 1999 Standards New Zealand eptember 10, 1999 11:51:00

Information Handling services,

ASME 83131999 Edition

Threads art ANSI B1 .I straight thmads.

FIG. 335.3.3 TYPICAL THREADED JOINTS USING STRAIGHT THREADS

335.2.2 Bolting Torque (a) In assembling flanged joints, the gasket shall be

uniformly compressed to the proper design loading. (b) Special care shall be used in assembling flanged

joints in which the flanges have widely differing me- chanical properties. Tightening to a predetermined torque is recommended.

335.23 Bolt Length. Bolts should extend completely through their nuts. Any which fail to do so are consid- ered acceptably engaged if the lack of complete engage- ment is not more than one thread.

the seat when incorporating such joints into piping assemblies by welding, brazing, or bonding.

335.4 Tubing Joints

335.4.1 Flared Tubing Joints. The sealing surface of the flare shall be examined for imperfections before assembly and any Aare having imperfections shall be rejected.

335.4.2 Flareless and Compression Tubing Joints. Where the manufacturer's instructions call for a speci- fied number of turns of the nut, these shall be counted from the point at which the nut becomes finger tight

335.2.4 Gaskets. No more than one gasket shall be 3355 Joints used between contact faces in assembling a flanged joint.

Caulked joints shall be installed and assembled in

335.3 Threaded Joints accordance with the manufacturer's instructions, as modified by the engineering design. Care shall be taken

335.3.1 Thread Compound or Lubricant. Any to ensure adequate engagement of joint members. compound or lubricant used on threads shall be suitable for the service conditions and shall not react unfavorably 335.6 Expanded Joints and Special Joints with either the service fluid or the piping material. 335.6.1 General. Expanded joints and special joints

(as defined in para. 318) shall be installed and assembled 335.3.2 Joints for Seal Welding. A threaded joint accordance with the manufacturer.s instructions, as

to be welded be made without modified by the engineering design. Care shall be taken compound. A joint containing thread compound which '

to ensure adequate engagement of joint members. leaks during leak testing may be seal welded in accord-, ance with para. 328.5.3, provided all compound is 335.6.2 Packed Joints. Where a packed joint is used

removed from exposed threads. to absorb thermal expansion, proper clearance shall be provided at the bottom of the socket' to permit this

335.3.3 Straight Threaded Joints. Typical joints using straight threads, with sealing at a surface other than the threads, are shown in Fig. 335.3.3 sketches 335'9 'leaning

(a), (b), and (c). Care shall be taken to avoid distorting See Appendix F, para. F335.9.

Information Handling Services, OPYRIGHT 1999 Standards New Zealand eptember 10, 1999 11':51:00

I , : W l ~ i i l ti(! yo11 I I I ~ ~ I I I 1 > ~ following type ol'\\:eltlirrg1'

A. SMAW 8. TIC

Answcl-: A . SMAW - Shielded Metal Arc Weltling. D. TIG Tungsten Inert Gas welding.

?" Meritiorl the contents of?'IG welding set?

Answer:

fl; Torch: Consist of hose for argon gaslwelding leadlceramic nozzla/collet~tungsten - - - .- . ... .- .- - _.----- rod as cathode to create arc. 7

Regulator with Pressure Gauge (HP & LP) & flow meter. Argon Cylinder - Gr.2lGr.1 depending upon requirements of the job. Transformer 1 Rectifier.

Y" While welding of pipe trimion to pipelreinforcement pad you have to put a hole or leave some portion of welding why?

Answer: For venting of hot gas which may get generated due to welding.

c;c' What is the thumb rule to calculate Current required for welding?

Answer: Current (Amp) = [Diameter of Electrode (rnm) x 40]+20

/ What is the minimum thickness of cs pipe that requires stress relieving to be done as pel- B3 1.3? (S-aJ

Answer 19.05 mrn thk.

Which is the Electrode & filler wire used for welding of materials? A. Alloy Steel

I. ASTM A3351'1 ''j 11. ASTMA3351'2 I '-1 7'3 I?-,,, ! 111; ASTM A335P11

\, 1 < '? 2- /

IV. ASTM A3351'5 V: ASTM ~3351'9

\? ! , P' . , B. Stainless Steel

1. ASTM A3 12TI'P30J 11. ASTM A3121'P304L 111. ASTM A312'.' P304H IV. ASTM A3121; P30B . V. ASTM A312'..1'P310 VI. ASTM ~3 12yC~316 VII. ASTM~312'h!:'l'3161-1 VIIT. ASTM A31 2'!'P321 IX. ASTM ~3 12'i'P32 1 X ASTM A312'F'P321H

I . Wha t is the discharge pipe that is in flow contlition 2nd tI1;it cstcr~tls f 'o rn~ t hc lift station carlying sewage under pressore?

Ar~swcl- Force Main.

2. Where will the drain from battery rooms go first before discharge to the sanitary sewer line?

Answer Neutralization Tank.

3. What is the minimum sewer lines allowed to be embedded under slab? Answer 641nm or 2"Dia.

4. W h a t a r e provided in sanitary sewer lines for change in direction? Answer Cleanouts.

5. Liquids a t a. temperature ot'deg .F. shall not be discharged into any drainage system o r public sewer?

Answer 140 Deg F.

6 . Any branch o fwa te r distribution piping networks shall not be less than nominal diameter?

Answer 63mm.

7. W h a t should be used for the connection of water distribution between dissimilar metal?

Answer Dielectric or Insulating union.

8. What is the maximum separation distance between manholes for public sewer?

Answer 90 ~ n t s (29jf7)

9. T h e copper tubes for water piping to be use shall weight not less than what %

type? Answer Type L

10. What is the minimum Accepted t rap seal clearance f o r B L D C ? Answer 4" (1 1 Omrn)

11. WhatistheTOEwall&whatishisminHeight? Answer A raised curb that controls and directs efficient to & each basin and the 'l'oe wall shall have ~ n i n height of 150mm.

12. What is tlie minimum Trench width required from the bottom? Answer 3OOmm above the top of the pipe.. -

13. w h a t is the SAES-L-350? Answer Construction of Planl I'iping.

,t , I < \ \ '&I.

Cover-ctl Elcctl-otlc C:. Alloy Stccl

1 . AS'T'M A3351JI E70 I8 I I . ASTM A335P2 E80 IS-I3 1 I l l . ASTM A335PI I E8O IS-B2 IV. ASTM A335P5 E502 V. ASTM A335P9 E505

0. I . 11. 111. IV. v. VI. VII. VIII. IX. X .

Stainless Steel ASTM .43 12TP304 ASTM A3 12TP304L ASTM A3 12TP304H ASTM A3 I2TP3OS ASTM A3 12TP3 10 ASTM A3 I2TP316 ASTM A3 1 2TP3 16H ASTM A3 1 2TP32 1 ASTM A3 12TPj2 1 ASTM A3 12TP32 1 H

What are the comrnon welding defects?

Answer A . Lack of penetration. rd \') B. Lack of fusion. C. Undercut.

t r D. Slag inclusion. i l l .

E. Porosity. F. Crack. G. Faulty weld slze & profile. H. Distortion.

A. Lack of Penetration. This defect occurs at the root of the joint when the weld metal fails to reach it or weld metal fails to fuse completely the root faces of the joint. As a result, a void remains at the root zone, which may contain slag inclusions. Cause:- A. Use incorrect size of electrode in relation to the form ofjoint. 8. Low welding current. C. Faulty fit-up and inaccurate joint preparation.

R . Lack of fusion. Lack of fusion is defined as a condition where boundaries of unfused metal exist between the Weld metal & base metal or between the adjacent laycrs of weld- metals. Cause:- A. Presence of scale, dirt, oxide, slag and other- non-metallic substance which

prevents the weld metal to reach melting temperature. 8 . Improper deslagging between the weld pass. Precaution:- A. Keep the weld joint free from scale, dirt, oxide, slag and other non-rnztallic.

substance. D. Use adequate welding current. C. Deslag each weld pass thoroughly. D. Place \veld passes correctly nest to each other.

C . Utltlercut. 'This defect appears a s :I cont;n~~otls 01. cI ;scontir ,~~o~~s grncivi: nt the tats of n ~\.:cld pass and is located on the base mctal or in thc fusion face o l ' a multipass wclcl. I t occui.s promit~cntly or1 the cdge o r fillet :veld del,ositi.cl ill thc Iiorizontnl position. Cause:- A. Excessive welding current. 13. Too high speed of arc travel. C. Wrong electrode angle. Rectification:- The defect is rectified the undercut groove with a weld pass. I f undercut is deep cYc contains slag, i t should be chipped away before rewelding.

D. Slag Inclusion Non-metallic particles of comparatively large size entrapped in the weld metal are termed as slag inclusion. Cause:- A. Improper cleaning of slag between the depositions o f successive passes. B. Presence of heavy mill scale, loose rust, dirt, grit & other substances present

on the surface of base metal. Precaution :- A. Clean the slag thoroughly between the weld pass. B. Keep the joint surface (especially gas cut surface) and barc filler wire

perfectly clean. C. Avoid undercut & gaps between weld pass. D. Use proper welding consumables.

E. Pol-ositv. The presence of gas poles in a weld caused by entrapment of gas during solidification is termed as porosity. The pores are in the form of sinall spherical cavities either clustered locally or scattered throughout the weld deposit. Sometimes entrapped gas rise to a single large cavity called Blowholes. Cause:- A. Chemically imperfect welding consumables, for example, deficient in

deoxidizer. 0. Faulty composition of base material or electrode, for example, high sulphur

content. C. Presence ofoil , grease, tnoisture and tnill scale on the weld surface. D. Excessive moisture in the electrode coating or submerged-arc flux. E. Inadequate gas shielding or impure gas in a gas-shielded process. F. Low welding current or too ling and arc. G. Quick-freezing of weld deposit.

F. Crack Fracture of the nietal is called crack. Two types of cracks: - Clod crack & Hot crack. Cold crack usually occur in .HA2 of the base metal when this zone becomes hard and brittle due to rapid cooling after the weld metal has been deposited &r. sufficient hydrogen has been absorbed by the weld metal from the arc atmosphere. Precaution:- A. Use o f low carbon eq~livalent materials. B. Higher heat input during welding. C. Preheating. O. Use of low hydrogen electrode.

C;. Faultv weld and profile A weld is considered faulty il' it has lack of I-einforcement, escessivc rein iorcemen t or irregular Pro t i le .

I1 Distol.tiol~

Hecause a weldrnent is locally healecl (by most welding processes), the lempcratu1.6 clisr~.ibution in Ill(: weld~nent is not unifor~u snd changes take place as welding processes. 'l'ypically, the weld metal and the base metal heat-afftcted zone i~nmediately adjacent to i t are at a temperature substantially above that of the unaffected base metal. As the lnolten pool solidifies and shrinks, it begins to exert shrinkage stresses on the surrounding weld metal and heat-affected zone area. When it first solidifies, this metal is hot, relatively weak, and can exerl little stress. As it cools to ambient temperature, however, the shrinkage of the weld nietal exerts increasing stress on the weld area and eventually reaches the yield point of the base metal and the heat-affected zone. Residual stresses in weldments have two major effects. First they produce distortion, and second, they may be the cause of premature failure in weldments. Distortion is caused when the heated weld region contracts nonuniformly, causing shrinkage in one part of the weld to exert eccentric forces on the weld cross section. The distortion may appear in butt joints as both longitudinal and transverse shrinkage or contraction, and as angular change (rotation) when the face of the weld shrinks Inore that the root. Distortion in fillet welds is similar to that in butt welds: transverse and longitudinal shrinkage as well as angular distortion results from the unbalance nature of the stresses in these welds.

What is a four o r five digit coding for electrode as per A\VS classification SFA 5.1?

Answer E X X X X X

The ~ninirnum UTS of Welding Posit~on Tlie ~ l n d i l u ~ e d weld metal In psi (UTS-Ult~mate tensile Strength)

Where the use of electrode E7018 is recommended?

Type of Coating and current condition.

Answer

The use of electrode E701S is recommended for welding the following:- /\. For high strength steel. B. For high thickness carbon steel plates. C. Higher carbon equivalent.

10. Why the electrode E7018 is called low hydrogen electrode? 1,

Ans\ver

'The low hydrogen electrodes have in their coating ingredient, which produces carbon di-oxide during melting. This Co2 gives a gaseous shielding for the metal and prevents at~nospheric hydrogen from entering i n arc atmosphere. By this way weld has low level ofhydrogen.

/'

.#: W h : ~ t is Illeat1 by 'PWH-I"? Wlly it is ~.equired? A11swer

"POS'I' CVI,LD I-IEA'T' TWATMEN'I"' l'liis is done to remove ~esidual stress lcft in the joint which ]nay cause brittle fracture.

\I/ Why PI-e-heating is dune on some pipe before starting welding? Answer

To :lo\\( down the cooling rate.

. /why post-heating is done onsorne pipe after the welding is over?, Answer

-To ~naintairl uniform homogeneous structure. ----

.,/~hat is the pre-heat temperature for carbon steel above 19.05mm thk. Answer

Pre-heat temperature for carbon steel above 19.05mln is% /-

\ j / Is post heating required for carbon steel material above 19.05mm t h l ~ Answer

No. Post heating is not I-equired for carbon steel material of any thickness.

L 6/ What is the soalting temperature during stress for carbon steel material? Answer

Soaking telnperati~re material during stress reliving is 620' C. (&2o0c)

.- ~ L C ~ ? k2c,-c:

/ iJ/ What is the soaking period during reliving for carbon steel material? Answer

Soaking period for carbon steel material during stress reliving is I hr. -- Ce

/

$/What is the rate of heating & cooling during stress reliving for carbon steel material:'

Answer The rate of heating & cooling -. steel . --.- material - - ---- during stress reliving is 1.50~c/1r.

Y

. /What is the pre-heat temperature stress reliving for alloy steel materials? Answer

Pre-heat temperature for,AS material is 180°c.

&hat is the soaking temperature during stress reliving for alloy steel material? Answer

Soaking temperatu1.e for alloy steel material is 720°c (* 20'~). . _ - - - . - . . ~ .. -

,/--

M'. What is the soaking period during stress reliving for alloy steel material? Answer

Soaking period tbr alloy steel material is 2hrs. - /'.

,.IZ. What is the rate of heating & cooling during stress reliving for alloy steel material? Answer-

The rale of heating & cooling for alloy steel material i s 100'~/hr. _C_

13. What i s the post heat temperature for alloy steel material? r\llswer-

I>ost heat temperature L'or alloy steel material is 3 0 0 ' ~ .

I . What is the tlischnrgc pipe that is in flow conditior~ :ind that extcnds from t l ~ c lift station carrying sewage unclcr pr-cssurc?

Force Main

2 . Where will the drain from battery rooms go first before discharge to the sanil:~ry sewer linc?

Answer

Neutralization Tank.

3. What is the minimum size of sewer lines that are allo~ved to be embedded under slab?

4. What a re provided in sanitary sewer lines for change in direction?

Cleanouts.

5. Liquids a t a temperature of deg. F shall not be discharged into any drainage system or public sewer?

Answer

140 Deg. F.

6 . Any branch of water distribution piping nehvorlu shall not be less than nominal diameter?

Answer

7. What shoulcl be used for the connection of water distribution between dissimilar metals?

Answer

Dielectric or Ins~ilating i~nion

I X. N:~ritc 2 tlil't'cr.crlf f y l ~ e s ol' iYasI~crs. i . l-I:~t Washers . , .

ii. i.$cllcvillc washcrs: i . . .. ,

I . Nor~nally :it what position will to be branches be proviclcd in pipcline for liquids S(

for Gases? i\nswer For liquids blanch is provided at bottom of the pipe for Gases blanch is provided at

lop position.

20 Why does the blanches for clyoenic liquids are not pl-ovided a t the bottom? To Prevent Vapor formation. - L Answer + I '

, - . 21 What a re the reasansbhal we a re providing a small clearance in socket welding?

i. For Thermal expansion during welding. 1

~ i . For expansion during services.

22. What is t h e General formula for calculating in a piping system? why? Answer 1.5 x Diaineters of Elbow.

23. Which is the weakest component in a piping system? Why? Answer Flange. It is bolted. I . , t. . .

Y. r

24 Name 2 Different types of Washers? Answer Flat Washers & Belleville Washers.

25 What is the General Material Specification of Carbon Steel, Low Temperature Carbon Steel and Alloy Steel?

Answe~ I > Carbon Steel -A106 . '

i i ) L.T.C.S. - A333 . i ~ i ) Alloy Steel - A335

,-.,.

2 . W l ~ a l is dead Log in pi l~ing? .. ,

\, . .?1\ . .

,41is~ver Dead log is Inter~ial Collusioli in piping clue to flow stagnation. , \ . " '

K. ', -<\ ., . . 3, ,, > ' <-

3. What is Drip log? , . . . ,I. .... '" %

,,,' $, Answer drain provided to prevent internal Corrosion as Dead Log. ' .:

r. - .,:!- \+\ \>

'. \ 4. Named different types of Reduces? ,

\'* ..' :\nswer i) Concentric Reducer, ii) Eccentric Reducer. \

(.\ ,,q %

. \

'-1 \ ./" 5. Where is Eccentric reducer normally usecl & Why? dh '. .:i.> Answer At pump Suction to be preventing convocation. / ',, .A -

-. q-' -J. ;:,

6. NamMhe following ASME Codes. ln '

Answer ,pt , AS ME^^ 1 . 1 Power plant Piping ASME B3 1.3 Process Piping

iii) ASME R3 1.4 Pipe line Transportation Systems for Liquid - Hydrocarbons and other Liquids.

ivj ASME 8 3 1.5 Refrigeration Piping v) ASME B31.8 Gas Transmission and Distribution Piping vi) ASME 133 1 .Y Building Services Piping vii) ASME Sec. VIII Div-l Boiler and processor Vessel Code : ':. i ASME Sec. IX Welding and Baring Qualification

./' ,- &OM\- . .

7. What i s the formula for calculation of Hydro test processor? .", . !; . .. - .- ., ?.. ? Answer 1.5 x Design process x Stress ratio.

' . f; -?.'-;-: c-,. . :

8. a) What i s the minimum riumber of Gaugesto be used in pressure testing? .--" , '.. ...-. . . . .

b) What should be its Range a s per-ASME Sec . V Sr as per Aramco Standards? .--A' . . . :

.,. - ,Answer a) As per ASME Sec V the test pressure should be within 40% to 80% of the full 5. . . . ,. >,'$ , . <

range. b) As per Aramco Standards the test pressure should be within 30% to 80% of the full

range.

9. Dimensional tolerance as per SAES-L-350. Answer i The maximum Tolerance for axial dimensions, face to face, center to center & location of

attachment shall be *3 mm. ii) Lateral Transition o f branches Bc connect~ons from the centerline of the run shall not

exceed *I .5 mrn. iii) Rotation of Flanges measured as the offset between elevations of bolt holes on opposite

side of a flange centerline shall not exceed * 2.4 mm. i ) The bolt of flange measured at the periphery across any diameters shall not exceed 1.6

mm from square position. V) Flattering of bends measured between the largest a smallest outside diameter at any cross

section shall not exceed 5 % of the nominal d~ameter of the pipe Flattering of bends at \veld ends shall not exceed 3 % of the nominal pipe diameters.

10. Name the following ASME/ ASTM codes i) ASME B 16.1 - Cast from Pipe flanges & Flanged fittings. ,

ii) ASME B16.5 - Pipe Flanges gi. Flanged Fittings. - . .... 111) ASME B 16.20 - Ring joint Gaskets and Grovers for steel pipe flanges. . .

, f,

i v j ASME I3 16.2 1 - Non metallic Flat Gaskets for pipe flanges. , .., . .

8 .

v) ASME B 16.47 - Large Diameter Flanges. .- + - ,, . ,

.. . -, . .' . .-

What is the mar HKS limit to test Racl<filled portion? I . Answer 21 Hrs.

2. The line whose joints have not bccn backfilled. What is the m a s limit to testing?

Answer 04 Hrs.

3. What is the SAES-S-0O4? Answer General Requirement for Pressure Testing.

4. Wha t i s the SAES-S-70? Answer Installation of Utility Piping system.

5. What is the SAES-A-lI4? Answer Excavation and Backfilling.

6. What is the SAES-S-060? Answer S.A. Plu~nbing Code.

7. Why the pressure Gauge is REQ to USE and What is the necessary important to use this?

Answer Is the testing Megering instrument and its use to check require pressure as per S. Aramco Standard.

8. What is the pressure relief Valve(s) & What is the functional of this Valve? Answer This testing instrument this equipment shall be protected from pressure by relief valves.

9. W h a t is the max design pressure for Hydro test and how many Hrs? Answer 150 Psig - 04Hrs.

10. What kind of RTR joint and wha t is the full form of RTR? Answer i) Taper Taper joints, ii) mechanical Key louck joints, iii) Built Wrap joiots - (Re Enforcement Thermosetting Resin)

1 1. What is the SAES-20? Answer Industrial Drainage and Sewer.

12. How much the bedding layer required for the trench and kind of sand use? Answer Soft and clean sand free of debris and rocks 1501nm in depth.

13. What is the compacted relative density and proctor density? Answer R-D=70% and P-D=95%.

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i

( 6 . All bolils/nu~sshould bc cornplc(cly tiglhcncd ~ 7 . Clcan all veld ,r~ints prior to Icak lest

8 . Vcn ica! linc ocr o l p lu~~lbr~ess 9. Horizomlal linc oul of lcvclncss 10. Line mol slraighl 1 I . Valve 'hand\vkel oricntalion no1 corrccl,

should bc 45h.g. from nonh lo cast 12. Rcrnowc arc smke 13. Raztifu. flo\v&rcclion oCchcck v/v or globc v/v I 4 . Rcct+. horizontal liric 0111 of s l o v I S . M a r c u l grab. or bolls/liu[s not corrccl, usc Gr. B7121.1 Tor b l~s f r~ucs L G . w c ~ d ' ~ ~ ar0ur.J 17. Pipe s h r x shodd not kc ~vcldcd dircc~ly 10 barn, slidc type or rcslillg lypcns rcquircd 18. Sliding surfaa of b3sc plalc sl~ould bc adjuslcd in horizonla1 and sr;1oo111

\ 19. Expokl thrcad no1 cqual 20. I nrt3llalion of crif~cc platc nor corrccl, sidc puncll wv/ tile nu~nbcr o l thc l~andlc should bi: heed

u p s t r m ! 1. ScaI wclds s M d bc covcrcd cxposcd llucads &mplclcly 22. Valve handwvhxl obslructcd thc walkways or platform . .

23. Seal weld vcnl u p or plug dter press. Tcsl ElYlS M. fAJUlAGANA

24. Rcplau w o n g gasket, usc 150# flcxilallic gaskct 96041551 . . 25. R c v i x iso. dwg as pcr actual condition

. Chcck Chc& Chcck

thzt c o m t bits nrld gaskc1 arc ilwtallcd'a( all rcinslatcd jqinls con,plcicd and rc~ordd all proccss bliiids and spadcs h a v c ' k n ~orrcclly installcu as indicalcd on lhc P&ID . .

f l u 1 s p w c l e blinds are in lhc corrcct position , . .

4. Check I ~ I corrert valves h a w b a n installcd in lhc.correc! "Flo~v" position , . . .

5. Check tbar specified block valvcs havc locking devices correctly installed 6. Chcck th3t all vatyes arc functioning propcrly and lllat spindlc has trccn coalcd with cop-s!ip or equal

whcre spzficd Chcck 1 b 1 rclicf valvc liavc b n correctly installcd

3. C h x k t h r all pump suction strainers havc b u n c o r r ~ t l y i~utallcd 9. Chcck for corrcu flow through fillers, and slraincrs, traps, check valvcs and g l o b valves 10. Relcast for find cquiprncnl alignmcnl I I . Iiydrotest complctcd . .