Gender in value chain: ILRI/IPMS experience in Ethiopia
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Transcript of Gender in value chain: ILRI/IPMS experience in Ethiopia
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Gender in Value Chain: ILRI/IPMS Experience in Ethiopia
Multi-Stakeholder’s Symposium on Empowering Women in Value Chains Beshale Hotel, Addis Ababa, 15 March 2012
Ephrem Tesema
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Outline
Background ObjectiveTarget PLWObjective of Gender AnalysisMethods & ProcessesFindings & LearningConclusion
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Background to ILRI/IPMS Project
Market Oriented Agricultural Productivity (Crop & Livestock)
Gender Sensitive ApproachInnovative ApproachTargeted Smallholder men & women
FarmersCommodity Based
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Objective of ILRI/IPMS
Increased Productivity
Ensured Market Success
Capacity Building and Partnership
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Target PLW
10 PLW in 4 regions4PAS/woreda10-28 community members/PA1/3-1/2 are women participantsSeparate discussions held with M&W4 communities involved in the analysis
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Objective IPMS Gender Analysis
To understand the role of men & women in rural communities:
-Production
-Marketing
-Decision Making
- Benefit Sharing
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Gender Objective Cont’d
To identify potential barriers:
-For men’s and women’s participation in market led development initiative
To identify
-The required action by the project
-potential partners
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Methods and Processes
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Focus of the Analysis
Division of labor in commodity productionGender roles in marketing commoditiesAccess, control and benefits of resourcesControl of income from the sale of
commoditiesDecision making roles…
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Sharing & Dissemination
Using various events Using various communication Mediums Publication
-Working papers
-Participatory toolkits
-Training manuals
-IEC Materials
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Findings/Learning (Gender in Rural Population)
Gender Characteristics of Rural populations Women
-Workload of rural women In Ethiopia
-Most rural women work 10-12 hours/day
-Vary b/n wet & dry season
-Have little time for leisure or socializing
-Major source of labor in agriculture
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Findings/Learning Cont’d
-Engaged in diverse off-farm activities,
-Influenced by the local farming systems
-Resource endowments
-Wealth in rich and middle wealth hhs
-Half less time to participate in formal dev.
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Findings/Learning Cont’d
-Sell fuel wood, sorghum/maize stalk -Engaged in cotton spinning or injera making for sell-Brewing and selling local alcohol
Men-Work as casual laborer on farm and in the home of rich HHs
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Findings/Learning Cont’d
-Men also undertake a wide range of off- farm activities influenced by wealth -Rich men involved in activities that require capital -Trading in agricultural product -Investing in processing equipments-Lending money -Poor HHs work as casual laborers -Migrate temporarily for work
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Findings/Learning Cont’d
-In rain fed farming systems, men’s workload is lightest during the dry season compared to HHs with access to irrigated land
FHH-15-35% average in Ethiopia
-Belongs to poorer HH in most communities
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Findings/Learning Cont’d
-Few FHH in the rich or middle wealth categories
-The challenges of FHHs are different from those MHHs
-Often overlooked by development partners
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Findings/Learning Cont’d
Production (skill, input & Technology)
Men
-Dominate decisions HH /information
-Higher access for technology/Skills
-Higher control for productive assets
-Dominate decision in Technology uptake
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Findings/Learning Cont’d
WomenLack of access for formal information
sourcesLack of access for skills trainingLack of access for extensions servicesLess involved in uptake of improved T.But situations vary ( HH types, region etc.)
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Key Lessons from IPMS
Couples Training Enforce gender balanced involvement in
Trainings Taking skills to the village (FTC) Capacitate front line development agents Women’s involvement: - field day, visits, exhibitions etc. Linkage with GO,NGO and PS
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Key Lessons from IPMS
Women Dominated commoditiesMen Dominated commoditiesCommodities done by both sexesTraining Composition (%)Ways of Information Dissemination
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Findings/Learning Cont’d
Market( men, women, poor, middle & rich)
-Men from R & M HH sell major crops
-Travel distant markets/secure better prices
-Women & poor farmers accept prices at local markets
-Same directly sell to consumers
-Men in better off HH sell P. to P. traders & cooperatives
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Key Lesson from Marketing
Market engagement differs for men & women (wealth & HH category)
Women have little control over high value crops
Of 13 crop commodities men controls income from 11crops
Women controls & share income only from 2 crops
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Challenges
Partnership Availability of Technology Partner staff mobility Gender balance in partner public org. Capital scarcity stands as a major barrier
-women farmers - poor - tends to leave them out of the technology development process
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Conclusion
While designing projects-Gender diagnostic analysis-women potentials not part of the problems
It is also relevant to consider -input preferences of women in the
value chain analysis (market/home consumption)
-Mapping men and women roles -Its relevance in gender in value chain
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Conclusion
- Challenges of men/women in technology uptake
-Challenges in accessing financial and other productive resources
-Mapping institutions along the value chain and its gender aspect
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Conclusion
Emphasis:It is required to conduct site and commodity specific analysis to understand gender roles and relations in livestock and crop value chain:Diagnostic…Gender in V C.
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Thanks
W/ro Elfinesh Bermeji, a successful women farmer sharing her experience on beekeeping for AGP-gender Trainees, from Tigrai, Amhara, Oromiya and SNNP Regional State,Denkaka PA, Adaa IPMS Pilot Learning Woreda, Oromia,Photo by Ephrem Tesema,Nov.18,2011.