Gemini Summary Conference Slides

8/7/2019 Gemini Summary Conference Slides

1/200

"7 -'

N AT I O N A L A E R O N A U T I C S A N D S P A C E A D M I N I S T R A T I O N

:)

i * * * e * '.V.V.V.%I * * * * * *

G e m i n iS u m m a r yConfe renceSl ides

> * * *

(MASA-T8-X-69175) G E H J N I S U M M A B YC O N F E 8 E N C ESLIDES ( N A S A ) 199 p

B73-73315

Unclas

00/99 17983

. -.,3

M A N N E D S P A C E C R A F T C E N T E RH O U S TO N ,T E X A S

F e b r u a r y1967


2/200

REVIEW AND SUMMARIZATION OF RENDEZVOUS OPERATIONS

By Wyendell B. Evans


3/200

NASA-S-66 -11882

R E N D E Z V O U S T E C H N I Q U E S

F O U RT H O R B I T M = 4

THIRD ORBIT M = 3

FIRST ORBIT- M = l

O P T I C A L R E - R E N D E Z V O U S

R E - R E N D E Z V O U SF R O M A B O V E

S TA B L E O R B I T I R E - R E N D E Z V O U S

O P T I C A L D U A L R E N D E Z V O U S

NASA-S-66-12057

M I S S I O N S U M M A RYGEMINI

MISSION

VI- A

V 1 1 1VIII

TY ALA.-M

X -

VTAl

"7TIA II

T Y P E

R E N D E Z V O U S

FOURTH ORRIT-

COIIPTUI fl DHIT-rvJUKIn UKDll

TU-IIPn ODRIT-Inl KUVJKbl l

O P T I C A L R E - R E N D E Z V O U S R E - R E N D E Z V O U S i F R O MA!

POIIPTH {"1PRIT-

O P T I C A L D U A L

El D CT O D RIT-rlKO 1 vJKBI 1

S TA B L EO R B I T

THIPHOPRIT

M X*t

kA AN \ A

M oo

iOVE

- kA A/V \ 4

M i 1

M oO


4/200

NASA-S-66-12079

GEMINIYI-A

C A N D I D AT EMISSIONS

TA N G E N T I A L

C O E L L I P T I C A L

FIRST A P O G E E


5/200

NASA-S-66-11774

- TA R G E T- C E N T E R E DCOORDINATE S Y S T E M

TA R G E T V E H I C L E

ROTATION

NASA-S-66-11780

RELATIVEMOTIONTARGET-CENTEREDC O O R D I N AT E SYSTEM

(A) LOWER CIRCULARORBIT

(B ) LOWER ELLIPTICALORBIT

VERTDISPLACE-

MENT-+ X

+Y

(C ) HIGHER CIRCULARORBIT -X

HORIZONTAL DISPLACEMENT


6/200

GEMINIYI-.A, WT AND X

T E R M I N A LP H A S E R E L AT I V E T R A J E C T O R Y

V E RT I C A LD I S P L A C E M E N T,

N Ml ^0

, 05:36

B E L O W

8

12

16

33.6 C O R R E C T I O N

81.8 C O R R E C T I O N

16 240 8A H E A D ^ K B E H I N D

H O R I Z O N TA L D I S P L A C E M E N T,N M l

32 40

NASA-S-66-11762

GEMINI YI-A,Ym AND X

R E L AT I V ET R A J E C T O RY


N Ml /_TPF. 05:360

0 160 320 480 640 800 960 1120AHEAD-HBEHIND

HORIZONTAL D I S P L A C E M E N T,N Ml


7/200

NASA-S-66-11771

GEMINI IX-A AND XH

T E R M I N A LP H A S E R E L AT I V E T R A J E C T O RYV E RT I C A L

D I S P L A C E M E N T,N Ml ^ TPF 04:00

0BELOW

4

8

12

16

J.6 C O R R E C T I O N

TPI

1 2 1 8 240 6A H E A D H ^ B E H I N D

H O R I Z O N TA L D I S P L A C E M E N T,N M l

30

NASA-S-66-11773

GEMINI EX-A ANDSI


B E L O W


N Ml -TPF 04:000

N

20

40

60

8 0

N C C

0 100 200 300 400 500 600

A H E A D - 4 - B E H I N DH O R I Z O N TA LD I S P L A C E M E N T,N M l


8/200

NAA-'S-6"&il2054GEMINI XI

T E R M I N A LP H A S E R E L AT I V E T R A J E C T O RY


N Ml0

BELOW

12

- v TPF, 01:14:52TPI

90 SEC B E F O R E A P O G E E

120 4 8AHEAD^BEHIND

H O R I Z O N TA L D I S P L A C E M E N T,N Ml

16

N A S A - S - 6 6 - 11 7 6 5

GEMINI23



N Ml20

A B O V E

BELOW 020

40

60

80

-TPF, 01:14:52

-TPI

80 1200 40AHEADH-BEHIND

H O R I Z O N TA LDISPLACEMENT,N Ml

160 200


9/200

NASA-S-66-12050

A B O V E 2 -

VERTICALDISPLACE-

MENT, N Ml

BELOW 2 I-

GEMINI EK-A

R E L AT I V ET R A J E C T O RYO P T I C A LR E - R E N D E Z V O U S

DARKNESS

S E PA R AT I O N C O R R E C T I O N

0 2AHEAD^BEHIND

HORIZONTAL DISPLACEMENT,N Ml

NASA-S-66-12053 GEMINI K-A

T E R M I N A LP H A S E R E L AT I V ET R A J E C T O RYR E - R E N D E Z V O U SF R O M A B O V E


N Ml8r

TPIa > t = 130

A B O V E

B E L O W

1 6 14 12 10 8 6 4 202AHEADH^BEHIND

H O R I Z O N TA LD I S P L A C E M E N T,N Ml


10/200

N A S A - S - 6 6 - 1 1 9 7 6- - GEMINI XI

V E R T I C A LSTABLE ORBITR E - R E N D E Z V O U SD I S P L A C E -

MENT, N Ml0

10

- V I S U A LB R A K I N G I N T E R C E P TMVR-1:13:10 0:00

34 C O R R E C T I O N1:04:40

0 10 15 20

A H E A D*+* B E H I N DH O R I Z O N TA LD I S P L A C E M E N T, N Ml

25


11/200

N A S A - S - 6 6 - 11 7 7 9

VA R I A B L E - A Z I M U T HL A U N C H T E C H N I Q U E_ L A U N C H _

WINDOW

D I R E C T I O NO F R O TAT I O N

L A U N C H - S I T ELATITUDE

O R B I T T R AV E LOF TA R G E T

A POINT W H E R E TA R G E TP L A N E C R O S S E S LAUNCHSITE R E S U LT I N G IN Z E R O D I S P L A C E M E N T

NASA-S-66-11781

BIASED L A U N C HA Z I M U T HA N D S TA G E 0 YAW STEERING

>--UNBIASEDT R A J E C T O RY

B I A S E DT R A J E C T O RY

1 . BECO2. S E C O

W E D G EANGLE

TARGETVEHICLE

ORBITPLANE


12/200

N A S A - S - 6 6 - 1 1 9 6 9

YAW STEERING S U M M A RY

GEMINI

MISSION

YI-A

VTTT

TX-A

X

XL

xn

TA R G E T E D O U T- O F - P L A N E

D I S P L A C E M E N T

+.20

-.21

-.50

-.077

-.131

-.16

NASA-S-66-11883

GEMINI L A U N C H P E R F O R M A N C E

GEMINIMISSION

Inffl

GZYYJYJ-AYHVTTT

JXIX-A

XXI

xn

L A U N C HATTEMPTS

12112121212133

L A U N C H D AT E

APR 8, 1964JAN 19 ,1965

M AR 2 3, 1965

JUN 3,1965AUG 21 ,1965A G E N A FAILURE

DEC 1 5, 1965DEC 4, 1965

MAR 1 6, 1966AT L A S FA I L U R E

JUN 3, 1966JUL 1 8, 1966S E P 1 2 , 1966

NOV 11 ,1966

LAUNCH TIMED E V I AT I O N

O N TIME-4 MIN

-2 4 MIN

-16 M INO N TIME

O N TIMEO N TIMEO N TIME

O N TIMEO N TIMEO N TIMEO N TIME


13/200

NASA-S-66-11863

C R E W P R O C E D U R E S R E Q U I R E M E N T S

S U F F I C I E N T T I M EFOR THE C R E W TO C O M P L E T ETHEN E C E S S A RYA C T I V I T I E S

A P P R O A C H T R A J E C T O R I E SWHICH AR E R E A S O N A B LYI N S E N S I T I V ET O I N S E RT I O N D I S P E R S I O N SAND/ORE R R O R S I N M I D - C O U R S EM A N E U V E R S

B A C K U P P R O C E D U R E S

LIGHTING CONDITIONS WHICH ARE C O M PAT I B L EW IT H B A C K U P P R O C E D U R E S

LOW T E R M I N A L A P P R O A C H V E L O C I T I E SANDL I N E - O F - S I G H TR AT E S

NASA-S-66-11776

P R I M A RY R E N D E V O U SLIGHTING R E Q U I R E M E N T S

A F T E RT P I( T A R G E TL I G H T SV I S I B L E )

FIRSTC O R R E C T I O N

S TA R S

SECONDC O R R E C T I O N

S TA R S

DOCKING

P R I O RT O A N D A TT P I( TA R G E T V IS IB L E

IN R E F L E C T E DS U N L I G H T )

S U N

T- TA R G E T V E H I C L ES - S PA C E C R A F T


14/200

NASA- S-66-11775

PA S S I V E R E N D E Z V O U SLIGHTINGR E Q U I R E M E N T S

D E S I R E D S U NSUN D I R E C T I O N D I R E C T I O NAT SUN D | R E C TION

E A R LYT P I T P I L AT E T P IX

TA R G E T O R B I T

S PA C E C R A F T O R B I TL I N E - O F - S I G H T

TA R G E T V E H I C L E

S PA C E C R A F T


15/200

NASA-S-66-11861

R E N D E Z V O U SPROPELLANTU S A G EPART I

GEMINIMISSION

YI-A

vm

EX -A

IX-A

EX-A

T YPE O FR E N D E Z -

VOUS

M=4

M=4

M=3

O P T I C A L

F R O MA B O V E

CONDITIONSA T S TA RT O F

T E R M I N A L P H A S E

C O E L L I P T I CA- h = 15 N MlA X = 25 N Ml

COELLIPTICAh = 15 N MlA X = 25 N Ml

C O E L L I P T I CAh = 12 N MlA X = 22 N Ml

Ah = 2.5 N MlAX = 3.5 N Ml

A,h = -7.5 N MlAX = -10 N Ml

P,ROP U S A G E -POUNDS

A C T U A L

1 30

160

113

61

1 37

MIN

81

79

68

20

39

R AT I O

1.60

2.02

1.66

3.05

3.51

NASA-S-66-12056

R E N D E Z V O U SPROPELLANTUSAGEPART E

GEMINIMISSION

X

X

XI

XI

xn

TYPE O FRENDEZ-V O U S

M=4

O P T I C A LD U A L

M=l

S TA B L EORBIT

M'-3

CONDITIONSA T S TA RT O F

F E R M I N A LP H A S ECOELLIPTIC

Ah = 15 N MlAX = 30 N Ml

COELLIPTIC


S C A T A P O G E EOF 87/151 ORBIT


A h = 0 N MlAX = 25 N Ml

COELLIPTIC


PROP U S A G E -POUNDS

A C T U A L

360

1 80

290

87

112

MIN

84

73

191

31

55

RATIO

4.28

2.46

1.52

2.81

2.04


16/200

NASA-S-66-12055

P R I M A RY R E N D E Z V O U SVERNIERC O R R E C T I O NSOLUTIONS

GEMINI

MISSIONS

YI-A

WT

IX-A

X

XI

xn

ACT. CORRECT.

FT/SEC

FIRST

11

15

1

20

6

2

SECOND

7

9

3

23

2

5

NOM ! CORRECT.

FT/SEC

FIRST

1

1

2

2

0

2

S E C O N D

2

0

3

3

2

3

MEANCORRECT.

+lcr FT/SECFIRST

50

50

50

50

22

50

SECOND

26

26

26

26

12

26

NASA-S-66-12080

CONCLUSIONS

R E N D E Z V O U S I SO P E R AT I O N A L LYF E A S I B L E WITH A NA C T I V E O R A PA S S I V E TA R G E T

TH E O P E R AT I O N C A N B EP E R F O R M E D USING ONLYONBOARD GUIDANCE INFORMATION A F T E R LIFT-OFF

TH E O P E R AT I O N C A N B EP E R F O R M E D USING ONLYGROUND SUPP-LIED INFORMATION

TH E O P E R AT I O N C A N B EP E R F O R M E D USINGA COMBINATION OF GROUND AND ONBOARDINFORMATION


17/200

GROUND CONTROL AND MONITORING OF RENDEZVOUS

By Edward L. Pavelka


18/200

NASA-S-66-11748

GEMINI YI-A

R E L AT I V E T R A J E C T O RY

V E R T I C A LD I S P L A C E M E N T,

N Ml

A B O V E

B E L O W

INSERTION00:06:08

0 160 320 480 640 800 960AHEADH-BEHIND

HORIZONTAL DISPLACEMENT, N Ml

N A S A - S - 6 6 - 1 2 0 7 5

GEMINI IX-A

R E L AT I V ET R A J E C T O R Y

V E RT I C A LDI SP LA CEMENT,

N Ml0

NCID A R K N E S S

0 100 200 300 400 500 600A H E A D -*K BE HI ND

H O R I Z O N TA LD I S P L A C E M E N T,N Ml


19/200

NASA-S-66-11899

D U A LR E N D E Z V O U S PLANNING

A G E N AYE! AGENAX R E Q U I R E DV E C T O R L A U N C H T IM E A P O G E E

1 9 M A R C H

30 M A R C H

2 5 A P R I L

1 6 M AY

9 JUNEOX M A V24 MAY

on ii IMCZ.\J JUINt1 8 J U LY

3:40:58

3:40:54

3:37:30

3:37:30

3:46:30

3:41:55

3:40:263:39:46

2 2 5

2 45 - 4 7 0

400

390ixr\ooUy < o n4z U

- : 4 0 9

N A S A - S - 6 6 - 11 7 5 1

GEMINI X DUAL RENDEZVOUSV E RT I C A LDISPLACE-

MENT , N Mlx lO

18 r

BELOW 6 -

32 24 16 8 0 8

A H E A D . I BEHINDH O R I Z O N TA LDISPLACEMENT,N Ml x 10 2

16


20/200

NASA-S-66-11750

GEMINI XI

R E L AT I V ET R A J E C T O R Y

V E RT I C A L

D I S P L A C E M E N T,N Ml

A B O V E

B E L O W

20

0

20

40

60

80

01:02- T P F

-00:32 SC I N S E RT00:06:40-

80 1 2 0 160 2000 40AHEAD-^BEHIND

H O R I Z O N TA L D I S P L A C E M E N T,N Ml

NASA-S-66-11987

GEMINI XISTABLE ORBIT RE-RENDEZVOUS

o

VERTICALDISPLACE-

MENT,N Ml '

100

-VISUAL BRAKING1:13:10

INTERCEPT M V R0:00

-34 CORRECTION1:04:40

10 15 20

HORIZONTALDISPLACEMENT,N Ml

25


21/200

NASA-S-66-12076

R E N D E Z V O U S M I D C O U R S EP H A S E S U M M A RY

GEMINI V E L O C I T Y,FPS

MISSIONT7T AV 1- A

VIII

T7 AJJL-A

~VT -Al

YTT

NOM

1 1 7\ \ /

, 1 1 7\ \f

19AI/O

1 f)f\ i/u

O f\oU

1 1 *

-ACTUAL AtjPI,MIN

ICO 4- 91 ....ioy T/.I

i cr\ i o 7 ,.IOU Ty./

1V3 1 9I/J I./

i t\ O O-141 -/.Z

i i i r\ o44 TU.o

1A7 + 0

AAH, N Ml

- . 1 1" 1.1

1 91 ./

OO./

o .y

i .^


22/200


23/200

NASA-S-66-12045

GEMINI YI-A, V T T TAND X

R E L AT I V E T R A J E C T O RY

V E RT I C A L

D I S P L A C E M E N T,N Ml

-TPF, 05:36:28

0 160 320 480 640 800 960 1120AHEADH-BEHIND

. H O R I Z O N TA L D I S P L A C E M E N T,N M l

NASA-S-66-11905

T Y P I C A LM I D C O U R S E M A N E U V E R SALTITUDE

DIFFERENTIAL,N Ml

BELOW " C I R C U L A R I Z E -

20

40

60

80

IVAR

1000 800 600 400

T R A I L I N GDISTANCE/N Ml

200 0BEHINDH


24/200

NASA-S-66-11909

FIRST O R B I T R E N D E Z V O U ST R A J E C T O R Y

ABOVE

B E L O W

A LT I T U D E 20D I F F E R E N T I A L ,

N Ml 30

TPI

D I S P E R S E D HIGH

D I S P E R S E D L O W

NOMINAL

1 0 0 10 20 30 40 50 60 70AHEAD -4* BEHIND

TRAILING DISPLACEMENT, N Ml

NASA-S-66-11876

GEMINI R E N D E Z V O U SS U M M A RY

MISSION

GEMINI YI-A

GEMINI YEI

GEMINI IX-A I N I T I A LFIRST

R E - R E N D E Z V O U SS E C O N DR E - R E N D E Z V O U S

GEMINI X I N I T I A L

D U A L R E N D E Z V O U S

GEMINI XI I N I T I A L

.. R E - R E N D E Z V O U S

GEMINI Xn

TA R G E T

GEMINI 3fflS PA C E C R A F T

GEMINI V T T TA G E N A

AT D A

GEMINI X AGENA

GEMINI YfflAGENA

GEMINI XI AGENA

GEMINI XE AGENA

A P P R O A C H

B E L O W

BELOW

BELO\W

E Q U I -^ P E R I O DA B O V E

BELOW

BELOW

BELOWS TA B L EO R B I T

B E L O W

A hN Ml

15

15

12.5

07.5

15

5

10

0

10

w tDEC

130

130

130

80130

130

80

120

292

130


25/200

NASA-S-66-11910

T E R M I N A LP H A S E C O M P U T E RS E Q U E N C E

TA R G E T

V E R N I E R. T H R U S T

T I M Eon A F T E R TPh

1 5 MIN

, ALIGN / / / , , , ,4 IMU 7

V E R N I E RT H R U S T

B A C K U PD ATA TIME,MIN

D C B A 60 55 50 I 1 1

i l I I I l I I I I IR A D A R

S A M P L E S

TPI

T H R U S T-PUSHSTARTCOMP

A V DISPLAY

NASA-S-66-11878

TPI P R O C E D U R E S

B O R E S I G H T ON TA R G E T

MONITOR 6, R, R E V E RY MINUTEWHEN 0*21.4, R E C O R D D AT A F O R POINT B

O N T P I C H A R TP U S H S TA RTCOMP B U T T O N A F T E R N E X T

D AT A P O I N TR E C O R D D ATA AT POINT D

E N T E R T P I C H A R T, C A L C U L AT EAR,AV N /A N D T P ITIME

C O M P A R E AR AND AV N W I T H C L O S E D LOOPAND MSFN


26/200

NASA-S-66 -11986

B A C K U P DATA

TA R G E T

e - 0

A R =R A C T ]R A C T ]R A C T

4 ' = (9, T Y P E T R A J ). R REQ

R, R FROM R A D A R

e REQ = (6, T Y P E T R A J )

0 A , 0 Di FROM P L AT F O R M OR G A FROM S E X T A N T

0 D -0 A FROM S TA R S

NASA-S-66-11879

FAILUREMODES

FA I L U R E FWD/AFTA V S O U R C E

UP/DWN

A'V S O U R C E

NONEC L O S E D - L O O P

GUIDANCEC L O S E D - L O O P

GUIDANCE

R A D A R NOMINAL M D Ue ,

C O M P U T E R ANALOG GAGE R , R F D A I 6 7 A 0

IMU MDU R, R

S E X TA N T

NOMINAL0 / S T A R S A 0


27/200

NASA-S-66-11911

T E R M I N A L P H A S ELIGHTING

SUN LOSTPI-20MIN

H O R I ZLO S

LOS AT TPI

SUN LOSTPI-10MIN

L O S ATC I R C U L A R I Z AT I O N

-20MIN

H O R I ZLO S

SU NLOS TPI

NASA-S-66-11912

T E R M IN A L P H A S E M A N E U V E R S U M M A R Y

GEMINI

MISSIONYI-A

V T T T

E X - A

X

xn

C L O S E D LOOP GUIDANCE ANDA P P L I E D M A N E U V E R S- FPS

TPI

NOM

F W D32

32

27

32

22

A C T

F W D31

25

( 2 7 )26

41

( 2 2 )

UP

DWN4U

3U

(1U)8 U

( O U )IU

(OU)

RT

LFT1R

8R

( 2 R )4R

(OL)1 6L

(OR)

1 ST V E R N I E R

F W D

A F T7 F

1 2F

2A

1 5A

(OF)

UP

DWN7U

6U

2U

{140)22D

( 2 U ) .

RT

LFT5L

1 R

3R

1 R

( O R )

2 N D I V E R N I E R

F W D

A F T4F

4F

3F

(OF)IF

( 5 A )

UP

DWN3U

7U

2 D

25D

(ID)

R T

LFT6R

3R

O R

5R

(OR)


28/200

NASA-S-66-11906

C O N C L U S I O N S

R E N D E Z V O U SE X E R C I S E SH I G H LY S U C C E S S F U L

C R E W PA RT I C I PAT E D E X T E N S I V E LY

DIRECTEDG U I D A N C ES Y S T E M O P E R AT I O N

D E T E C T E DAND IDENTIFIED M A L F U N C T I O N S

TOOK C O R R E C T I V EA C T I O N

MONITORING A N D B A C K U P D ATA REQUIRED

RANGE, R A N G E R AT E S PA C E C R A F T AT T I T U D EA N G L E S

V I S U A LAND R A D A R TA R G E TT R A C K I N GF L I G H T C H A RT S E S S E N T I A LF O R MONITORING

A N D B A C K U P


29/200

OPERATIONAL CHARACTERISTICS OF THE DOCKED CONFIGURATION

By Homer W. Dotts


30/200

N A S A - S - 6 6 - 11 8 5 8

DOCKING CONCEPTS .C O L L I S I O NC O U R S E / NONCOLLISION C O U R S E

T R A P E Z E HOOK

PROBE A N D D R O G U E

T E X A S L A S S O

N A S A - S - 6 6 - 11 7 3 1

D O C K I N G A N D MOORING SEQUENCE

DOCKING A D A P T E R

DISCHARGEFINGER

RIGIDIZED

DOCKED

DOCKING CONE

INDEXING B AR

A P P R O A C HSPACECRAFT


31/200

N A S A - S - 6 6 - 1 1 7 3 9

TA R G E T DOCKING A D A P T E R A S S E M B LY

DIPQLEANTENNA

SPIRALANTENNA

ACQUISITIONLIGHT

D A M P E R S

SPIRALANTENNA

AGENA STATUSDISPLAY

I N D I C ATO R SDOCKING

CONE

N A S A - S - 6 6 - 11 7 3 2

E N E R G Y R E Q U I R E M E N T ST W O D E G R E E S O F F R E E D O M

Xi=0

E N E R G YR AT I O

X 9 =0H

BEFORE IMPACT

X 2l

3 4 5

MASS R AT I O ,8


32/200

NASA-S-66-12059

T Y P I C A LRESPONSES TA B I L I Z AT I O NS Y S T E M S O F F

D I S TA N C E , F O R C E ,IN.

26

20

15

10

5

0

1000

800

600

400

200

DEC/L B I N I T I A LCONDITIONS: SE C

H O R VEL = 1.5 F T / S E C -, 5V E RT VEL = 0.5 F T / S E C

'/ -

0 .2 .4 .6 .8 1.0 1.2 1.4

TIME, S E C

NASA-S-66-12060

T Y P I C A LR E S P O N S ES TA B I L I Z AT I O NS Y S T E M S ON

D I S TA N C E , F O R C E ,IMITIAI r Kinm Kic DEG /IM ID I N I T I A LCONDITIONS: ccrIN26

20

15

10

5

0

LB1000

800

600

400

200

0

H O R VEL = 1.5 F T / S E C.VERT VEL = 0 .5F T / S E C

SEC5

4

3

.2 .4 .6 .8 1.0 1.2 1.4TIME, S E C


33/200

NA S A. S -6 6 -117 6 1

MANEUVERINGL O A D S

Q U A L I F I C AT I O NTEST


34/200

N A S A - S - 6 6 - 11 7 3 3

P R I M A RY P R O P U L S I O N S Y S T E MS TA B I L I T Y S T U D Y

16

12

GAINM A R G I N , 8

dB

M O D I F I E D C O N T R O LSYSTEM

MINIMUM DESIRABLEG A I N M A R G I N//////^/////////////^^^^^^

S TA N D A R DC O N T R O LSYSTEM **-'

0 .5 1.0 1.5 2.0 2.5 3.0 3.5

F I R S TBENDING M O D E D A M P I N GR AT I O , PERCENT

NASA-S-66-11760

M O O R E D

C O N F I G U R AT I O NG R O U N D

V I B R AT I O NTEST

UU


35/200

N A S A - S - 6 6 - 1 1 8 2 4

C O M PA R I S O N O F INFLIGHT DATAWITH G R O U N D - T E S T D ATA

T E S T

GROUND

I N F L I G H T

F R E Q U E N C Y,

C P S

3.3

4.0

DAMPING RATIO,

PERCENT

3

(AMBIENTTEMPERATURE)

4.5 TO 6.5

(TEMPERATUREUNKNOWN)

SPRING-COUPLING

C O E F F,PERCENT

3 TO 6

3 TO 6

NASA-S-66-11981

C O N T R O L S Y S T E M S P E R F O R M A N C E

GEMINI

MODE

R AT E COMMAND

P L AT F O R M

DIRECT A N D PULSE

USE

FA S T M A N E U V E R S

G E N E R A L AT T I T U D EHOLD

S E L D O M U S E D

G AT V

G Y R O C O M PA S S

I N E RT I A L

PRECISE HEADING MA

S TA R P H O T O G R A P H Y

N E U V E R


36/200

N A S A - S - 6 6 - 11 7 3 0

D O C K E D M A N E U V E R S- GEMINI X

M A N E U V E R

P H A S EA D J U S T

HEIGHTA D J U S T

C I R C U L A R -I Z AT I O N

PHASEA D J U S T

P L A N EC H A N G E

P H A S EA D J U S T

TA R G E TVEHICLEENGINE

P

P

P

S

S

S

FIRINGSTART,G.E.T.

HR:MIN

7:39

20:20

22:37

22:46

41:04

41:36

FIRINGTIME,SEC

1 3

10

2

10

18

4

A VG R O U N D

COMMANDFT/SEC

420.0

340.0

75.7

7.7

14.8

3.5

A VA C T U A L ,FT/SEC

423.6

346.2

82.2

9.7

16.0

4.4

O R B I TA P O G E E /PERIGEE,

N Ml412/158

205/158

208/203

209/205

209/205

208/205

N A S A - S - 6 6 - 1 2 0 7 8

T Y P I C A LAT T I T U D ER E S P O N S ED U R I N G F I R I N G

10

8

AT T I T U D E6ERROR( m e ) ,

DEG 4

0

C E N T E R O F G R AV I T Y. O F F S E T=0 .5 DEG-

5 10 15 20 25FIRING TIME,SEC


37/200

NASA-S-66-11728

DOCKED MANEUVERSFO R GEMINI X IPRIMARY ENGINE

MANEU-VER

PLANEC H A N G E

R A I S EA P O G E E

L O W E RA P O G E E

FIRINGSTART,G.E.T.

HR:MIN

4:29

40:30

43:53

FIRINGTIME,SEC

3

25

22.5

AVDESIRED,FT/SEC

110.0

920.0

920.0

A\VA C T U A L ,FT/SEC

109.8

919.6

919.47

ORBITA P O G E E / P E R I G E E ,N Ml

164/154

741/156

164/154

NASA-S-66-12058


M A N E U V E R I N G ,DOCKING A N D C O N T R O LOF S PA C E C R A F TIN ORBIT IS P R A C T I C A L

JOINING O F MANNED T O UNMANNEDU N I T S C A NP R O V I D E L A R G EM A N E U V E RC A PA B I L I T Y

A V E RY S U C C E S S F U LENGINEERINGD E V E L O P M E N T


38/200

OPERATIONS WITH TETHERED SPACE VEHICLES

By David D. Lang


39/200

NASA-S-66-11789

GEMINI-AGENA TETHER CONFIGURATION

NASA-S-66-11989

GEMINI-AGENA S P U N - U rT E T H E R E X E R C I S E


40/200

N A S A - S - 6 6 - 1 1 7 3 5

EFFECT OF TETHER DAMPING ON THEATTITUDE OSCILLATIONS OF TETHERED SYSTEM S

40 r

RELATIVEY A W ANGLE(H DEC

400

TETHER TENSION, 30

200

100

0

W I T H DAMPINGW I T H O U TDAMPING

i\ ' i. .'! ii ii t'. :;! k ' A

50 100TIME,SEC

150

NASA-S-66-11737

EFFECT OF TETHER DAMPINGON S L A C K - TA U TO S C I L L AT I O N S

U N S T R E T C H E DT E T H E R LENGTH = 100 FTS L A C K T E T H E R IS DENOTED BY ^

llOr

105

DISTANCEB E T W E E N 100

T E T H E RATTACHMENT

POINTS, FT 95

90^

0

r

50i

100

1

150TIME, S E C


41/200

NASA-S-66-12077

GEMINI-AGENA G R AV I T Y G R A D I E N TT E T H E R E X E R C I S E C O N C E P T

R E S T O R I N G T O R Q U E

1 UNIT O F MASS

1 UNIT O F M A S S

C E N T E R O F E A RT H

N A S A - S - 6 6 - 11 7 3 6

EFFECT O F OFF-NOMINAL RELATIVEV E L O C I T YO NMOTION O F G R AV I T Y G R A D I E N TTETHEREDS Y S T E M

DE C40

20

-20

-40;

-

- /' "\ / \/ \ / \_ / \ ' \

C^\ Jl^v "7/ \

\^^/ 1 VEL ERROR=\ / VEL E R R O R =

\ ^' VEL E R R O R=

\NT *jf\\\/^\0

\


42/200

N A S A . S - 6 6 - 11 7 3 4

EFFECTS ON RIGID BODYATTITUDE RESPONSEDURING G R AV I T YGRADIENTMOTION DUE TO

INITIALTETHERSLACKNESSOF 1 FT

ft

TETHERTREK(FT)

+10

_2

OINTS OF TETHERTAUTNESS yt ORBIT

SLACKTETHERREGION

400 800TIME (SEC)

1200

N A S A - S - 6 6 - 11 7 3 8

A V ERROR

FROM

PERFECT

START,

FT/SEC

.30

.25

.20

.15

.10

.05

GEMINIG R AV I T YGRADIENTTETHER EXERCISE

S TA RT I N GPROCEDURE CHART

HALF AMPLITUDEO F RESULTANTDEGREES OFMOTIONAFTER15 MIN

fl/2 MIN 1MIN

NO CAPTURE / CAPTURELIMIT

2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9

DEGREES OF AGENA DRIFTIN RETICLE

10 11


43/200

NASA-S-66-11990

GEMINI-AGENA G R AV I T Y G R A DIE N TTETHER E X E R C I S E

- L O C A LV E RT I C A L


44/200

LIFE S U P P O RT S Y S T E M SF O R E VA

By Harold J. M e M a n n


45/200

NASA-S-66-11993

GEMINI E V ALIFE SUP POR T SYS TEM ELEMENTS

S PA C E S U I T

P O RTA B L EE N V I R O N M E N TA LC O N T R O LS Y S T E M

U M B I L I C A L

NASA-S-66-11992

GEMINI E V A LIFE S U P P O RT S Y S T E MT E S T I N G

UNMANNED TESTS

V I B R AT I O N ,A C C E L E R AT I O N , R A P I DD E C O M -P R E S S I O N , RFI, H U M I D I T Y,O X Y G E NC O M PAT I B I L I T Y,S T R U C T U R A L

MANNED TESTS

T H E R M A L P E R F O R M A N C EIN S I M U L AT E D S PA C EE N V I R O N M E N TW I T H I N D U C E D W O R K L O A D

E N D - TO - E N DS Y S T E M S T E S T SW I T HS PA C E C R A F T A N D C R E W


46/200

NASA-S-66-11870 GEMINIG - 4 C E V A SPACE SUIT

NECKDAMS T O WA G E

PA R A C H U T EH A R N E S S

HANKERCHIEFAN D PENCIL

STOWAGE

PRESS. INDICATOR

SURVIVAL KNIFE

S T O WA G ES C I S S O R SSTOWAGE

F L TPLAN STOWAGE

N A S A S 6 6 I I 7 9 8

GEMINI1 2 AND YET EVASPA CE SUIT

GEMINI 12 EVAC O V E R L AY E R

C O N F I G U R AT I O N

HT- l NYLON OUTERP R O T E C T I V EL AY E R

HT-l NYLON

M I C R O M E T E O R O I DA B S O R B E R

SUPER INSULATION

HT- l NYLON INNERMICROMETEOROID

STOPPER L AY E R S

TO TA L W E I G H T =33.9 OZ/YD2

TOTAL THICKNESS=0.200 INCHES

GEMINI V T T TEVAC O V E R L AY E R

CONFIGURATION

HT- l NYLON OUTERP R O T E C T I V EL AY E R

SUPER INSULATION

C O AT E D NYLONINNERM I C R O M E T E O R O I DSTOPPER L AY E R S

TO TA L W E I G H T=26.3 OZ/YD 2

T O TA L THICKNESS^0.037 INCHES


47/200

NASA S-66-11790 GEMI NI E

E X T R AV E H I C U L A RLIFEFEED P O RT A D A P T E R

MANUALE M E R G E N C Y

02

S U P P O RT S Y S T E M

O X Y G E NBOTTLE

SUITD E M A N D

R E G U L AT O R

^SHUTOFF

I , VA LV E

[RP R E S S U R ER E G U L AT O R

-COMMUNI -C AT I O N S A N D

B I O I N S T R U -M E N TAT I O N

C O N N E C T O R

TETHER

C A B I NR E P R E S S U R -

IZATION

VA LV ES PA C E C R A F T

O X Y G E NTA N K

N A S A - S - 6 6 - 1 1 9 8 4

GEMINI VJH THROUGH XTJ

LIFE S U P P O RT S Y S T E M

C H E S T PA C K

C H E S T PA C K R E S T R A I N TS T R A P S

OXYGEN S U P P LY FITTING

T E T H E R

UMBILICAL


48/200


49/200

N A S A - S - 6 6 - 1 1 7 9 3

N o U M B

ELSS,30 F O O T

UM BS PA C E C R A F T E N D

T E T H E RC O U P L E R

QUICKDISCONNECT

M AT E S INS C ADAPT

SECT.

CHAFINGGUARD

-HOOK

ELECT.C A B L E

UM BELECT.

CONNECTOR

N A S A - S - 6 6 - 1 1 7 9 4

N 2 VA LV E AND QUICKDISCONNECT A S S E M B LY-

( M AT E S HHMU)N 2 UMB-

rT E T H E R

TETHER

AT TA C H A S S E M B LY( M AT E S LEFT HIP OFPA R A C H U T E

H A R N E S S )ELECT. CONNECTOR

( M AT E S S U I T )

UM B

0 2FITTING(ELSS)

ELECT.CONNECTOR

(ELSS)

INSULATIONNYLON C O V E R

ELECT. H A R N E S S

ELSS,30 F O O T

UM BSUIT E N D

SECTION A-A


50/200

BODY POSITIONING AND RESTRAINTS

By Eugene A. Cernan


51/200

N A S A - S - 6 6 - 11 8 5 3

GEMINI K-A

ADAPTERP R O V I S I O N

FOR EVA

NASA-S.66-11831

AM U DONNING W ITHOU T FOOTRESTRAINTS


52/200

N A S A - S - 6 6 - 11 8 6 8

AMU DONNINGW I T H FOOT

R E S T R A I N T S

N A S A - S - 6 6 - 11 8 6 6

GEMINI XI AND XHE V A FOOT R E S T R A I N T S


53/200

N A S A - S - 6 6 - 1 1 9 7 7

GEMINI E X T R AV E H I C U L A RP R O V I S I O N SE X T E N D A B L EH A N D R A I L S

E Q U I P M E N TA D A P T E RH A N D R A I LA U T O M AT I C A L LYD E P L O Y E D

R E T R O A D A P T E RH A N D R A I LM A N U A L LYD E P L O Y E D

N A S A - S - 6 6 - 1 1 8 5 3

GEMINI IX-A

ADAPTERP R O V I S I O N

FOR EVA


54/200

NASA-S-66-11848

H A N D R A I LO N A G E N ALEFT S I D E

NASA-S-66-11849

H A N D R A I LO N A G E N AR I G H T SIDE


55/200

N A S A - S - 6 6 - 1 1 8 3 2

GEMINI X O

T E L E S C O P I N GH A N D R A I L

N A S A - S - 6 6 - 1 1 8 2 0

T E L E S C O P I N GH A N D R A I LC O M P R E S S E D


56/200

N A S A - S - 6 6 - 1 1 8 5 4GEMINI XD

AGENA E V AW O R K STATION

EVA WORK STATION

NASA-S-66 -11797

FLEXIBLEV E L C R O - B A C K E D P O RTA B L EHANDHOLD


57/200

NASA-S-66-11796

RIGID VELCRO-BACKED PORTABLEHANDHOLD

N A S A - S - 6 6 - 1 1 8 1 9

WA I S T T E T H E R S


58/200

N A S A - S - 6 6 - 11 8 5 2GEMINI ZD

EVA A D A P T E R W O R KSTATION

N A S A - S - 6 6 - 1 1 8 8 5 GEMINI

ADAPTER PROVISIONS FOR EVA

CROSSBARJ E T T I S O N E D

PRIOR TO EVA


59/200

N A S A - S - 6 6 - 1 1 8 5 5

GEMINI XU

AGENA E VA P R O V I S I O N SATTACH RIN0.5 MeV

E A RT HR A D I I

10C

1.0 2.0 3.0 4.0 5.0 6.0

N A S A - S 66-11757

PROTON DISTRIBUTIONIN THEEARTH'S FIELD1 .2

1 .0

.8

.6

.4

E A R T H '2

R A D I I 0

.2

.4

.6

.8

1.01.2

3xl0 B E F O R E S E P T. 2 3, 1963OMNIDIRECTIONAL F L U X

( P R O T R O N S / C M 2 / S E C )E N E R G Y >34 MeV


88/200

NASA-S-66-11752

S O U T H AT L A N T I CA N O M A LY D I A G R A M

E Q U AT O R mi

SOUTH AT L A N T I C

NASA-S-66-11755

L O C AT I O NO F R A D I AT I O NFLUXESIN S O U T H AT L A N T I CA N O M A LY

FOR 300 N MlALTITUDE28.5 O R B I TA LG R O U N D T R A C K

180 120 60 0 60

LONGITUDE, DEG

120 180


89/200

N A S A - S - 6 6 - 1 1 7 5 9

VA R I AT I O NIN R A D I AT I O ND O S EI N T H ES O U T H AT L A N T I CANOMALY

C I R C U L A RO R B I T 160 N Ml

.05

.04

R A D I AT I O N.0 3DOSE,

RAD .0 2

.01

0

D E C AY E D D O S E / R E V T O 5-15-66U N D E C AY E D D O S E / R E V

N A S A - S - 6 6 - 11 7 5 8 GEMINI X

VA R I AT I O N IN R A D I AT I O ND O S EIN THE S O U T H AT L A N T I CANOMALY

ORBIT 160 BY 400 N Ml

10.0

8.0

6.0R A D I AT I O N

DOSE, 4.0R A D

DECAYED D O S E / R E V TO 7-17-66

U N D E C AY E DD O S E / R E V


90/200

NA SA S 66-12041

S009 GEMINI NUCLEAREMULSIONCOSMIC RAYEXPERIMENT

N A S A - S - 6 6 - 11 7 5 4

P R O TO N FLUX FO R GEMINI X I

1000 c

P R O T O NFLUX

PA RT I C L E S /T O OCM 2 /SEC

10

ORBIT 2 7

(1 .65X103)-

ORBIT 2 6(1.4/xlO 4 )

O R B I T 2 8(2.6xl O 5 )

1 60 120 80 40 0 40 80 120 160

LONGITUDE,D E C


91/200

N A S A - S - 6 6 - 1 1 8 3 0

GEMINIR A D I AT I O N

MONITORINGS Y S T E M

3 I N C H E S


92/200

NASA-S-66-11953

S U M M A RYOF GEMINI RADIATIONMONITORING SYSTEM READINGS

GEMINIMISSION

X

XI

GMTHRsMIN

3:344:49

4S59

5:17

14:53POSTFLT

19:49

7:53

10:02

POSTFLT

G.E.T.HR:MIN

6:548:09

8:20

8:37

18:14

29:09

41:14

43:23

READINGN E T S TA

R K VR KV

R KV

TAN

R K V

C R N

C R N

DOSE,R A D

0.00.04

.18

.23

.78

.91

0.00

.02

.02.03*

'(AFTER B A C K G R O U N DR E M O V E D )

N A S A - S - 6 6 - 1 1 7 5 3 GEMINI X

C O M PA R I S O NOF THE GEMINI RADIATIONMONITORINGS Y S T E M A N D T H EC A L C U L AT I O N M O D EL

1 0 '

D O S E ,R A D

10

10"

- UNDECAYED DOSE

E L E C T R O N DOSED E C AY E D T O

7/17/66

D E C AY E D D O S E

-GEMINI R A D I AT I O NM E A S U R I N GS Y S T E M

R E A D I N G SR A D I AT I O N D O S E

I I i I I I

2 4 6 8 10 12 14

TIME AFTER INITIATION O F H I G H -A LT I T U D EM A N E U V E R ,H R


93/200

NASA-S-66-11833

GEMINI PA S S I V E D O S I M E T E R

NASA-S-66 -12088

PA S S I V E D O S I M E T E RRESULTS FO RMANNED GEMINI F L I G H T S

GEMINIMISSION

D U R AT I O NOF MISSION

D O S E T O L E F TC H E S T O FCOMMAND PILOT, RAD

mH

2YI-A

Y T J

vmIX-A

X

XI

xn

3 R E V O L U T I O N S

4 D AY S

8 D A Y S1 D A Y

1 4 D A Y S

1 1 H O U R S

3 D AY S

3 D A Y S

3 D A Y S

4 D AY S

LESS THAN .020

.040

.190

.025

.192

(ALLDOSIMETERSREAD LESS THAN .010)

.018

.770

.025 ( A P P R O X I M AT E LY )

.015


94/200

NASA-S-66-11954

ACCUMULATEDR A D I AT I O NDOSE C O M PA R I S O N S

GEMINI

MISSION

IX-A a

xb

*c

C AL CULAT ED

AUG 1964

ESTIMATE,R AD

0.30

17.3

.303

DECAYED

ESTIMATE,RAD

0.090

1.4

.091

MEASURED

PASSIVE

DOSIMETER,R AD

0.018

.770

.025

GEMINI RADIATION

MONITORINGSYSTEM, RAD

N O T APPLICABLE

0.910

.030

H E A D I N G SB A S E DU P O Ni 6 i N M IC I R C U L A R O R B I TF O R 3D A Y Sb READINGS BASED UPON 161 BY 400 N Ml ORBIT FOR 12 HOURS,

AND 161 N Ml CIRCULAR ORBITFOR 2/ 2 D AY S

H E A D I N G SB A S E DU P O N i6 i B Y 7 50 N M IO R B I TF O R 3 V SH O U R S ,AND 161 N Ml CIRCULAR ORBITFOR 2'/ 2 D AY S

N A S A - S - 6 6 - 1 1 9 7 8


LOW R A D I AT I O ND O S E C O N F I R M E D

I M P R O V E D E L E C T R O N D E C AY M O D E L

R E L A X AT I O NO F R A D I AT I O N C O N S T R A IN T SO N F U T U R EM I S S I O N S


95/200

CONTROLLED REENTRY

By David M. Box


96/200

N A S A - S - 6 6 - 1 2 0 9 2

DISPERSION E F F E C T S

D I S P E R S I O N

10% L/D

1 % RETRO THRUST

NOMINAL EFFECT

( A P P R O X I M AT E LY )1 0% CHANGEIN F O O T P R I N T S I Z E

-40 N Ml F O O T P R I N T SHIFT

1 SEC CHANGE INR E T R O F I R E TIME 4 N M l F O O T P R I N T SHIFT

N A S A - S - 6 6 - 1 1 7 4 3

R E E N T RY C O N T R O L C O N C E P T S

ON T R A C K

R A N G E E X T

FLY T O LEFT

NOR A N G E

E X T

F O O T P R I N T NMI

R E E N T RYF L I G H T PAT H

FLY T O R I G H T

h-54 N Ml1 5 DEG/SEC

S T E A D Y R O L LF O R E F F E C T I V E

Z E R O LIFT


97/200

N A S A - S - 6 6 - 1 1 7 4 4

R E E N T RY M A N E U V E RC A PA B I L I T Y

A LT I T U D E ,T H O U S A N D SO F F E E T400 250 190 100 50

100 r

80

F O O T P R I N T 60R E M A I N I N G ,

PERCENT 40

20

0

B A S E D O NFULL LIFTREENTRY

P E R C E N TO F

F O O T P R I N TR E M A I N I N G

21 23 25 27 29 31TIME F R O M RETROFIRE,M IN

33


98/200

NASA-S-66-11813

GEMINI ROLLING R E E N T RYTECHNIQUE

GUIDANCE INITIATION

- R O L L INITIATION

A LT I T U D E

FULL LIFTT R A J E C T O R Y

Z E R O LIFTT R A J E C T O RY

TA R G E T

R A N G E C A PA B I L I T Y

NASA-S-66-11814

ROLLINGR E E N T RYGUIDANCE LOGIC

PRESENT POSITIONO F S PA C E C R A F T

FULL L I F TPOINT

R PZ E R O LIFT POINT

TA R G E T

BC = fRC

RN - RP,


99/200

N A S A - S - 6 6 - 1 1 8 1 5

GEMINI C O N S TA N T B A N K A N G L EREENTRY T E C H N I Q U E

H A L F LIFTT R A J E C T O RY

A LT I T U D E

Z E R O LIFTT R A J E C T O RY

R A N G E

FULL LIFTT R A J E C T O RY

TA R G E T

M A N E U V E RC A PA B I L I T Y

NASA-S-66-12097

C O N S TA N T B A N K A N G L EREENTRYG U I D A N C E L O G I C

PRESENT P O S I T I O NO F S PA C E C R A F T

-60'

90

60H A L F LIFT P O I N T-

BC = fR N - R P

AR


100/200

NASA-S-66-11746

R E L AT I V EGEMINI S P L A S H POINTS

NOF

I M PA C TDISTANCE

FROMri\ \j iv\

TA R G E T,N Ml

S O L

0\J

*TH

20

10

10

20J T H^n

/^Y

E ;Fii fL J

PLAT A

NNRGB

n -

E D:T

s*

xn-VTT-

K-Avm

vn

>\

^

y ^

"A7

K

XI

1 00 90 80 7 0 60 50 40 30 20 1 0 0 1 0WEST-HAST

IMPACT DISTANCE FROM TARGET,N M l

N A S A - S - 6 6 - 1 2 0 9 8

GEMINIM I S S I O N

nm

IY

Y

YI-A

YHV T T T

IX-A

X

XI

xn

MISS,N Ml

1464

47

97

7

6.61.4

0.372.5

2.52.7

N A VE R R O R ,N Ml

1.20.8

474

2.5

2.3

2.2

4.2

4.02.4

S I G N I F I C A N TE R R O R S

F O O T P R I N T SHIFTL/D R E D U C T I O N

F O O T P R I N T S H I F T,I N O P E R AT I V EC O M P U T E R

I N VA L I DPOSITION U P D AT EN O R A D A R B E L O W

180,000 FT

L/D R E D U C T I O NE M E R G E N C Y R E E N T R Y

A U T O M AT I C R E E N T R YA U T O M AT I CR E E N T R Y


101/200

N A S A - S - 6 6 - 1 1 9 7 9


G U I D A N C E S H O U L DB E I N S E N S I T I V ET O L/D VA R I AT I O N S

MONITORING D I S P L AY S A N D B A C K U PP R O C E D U R E S M U S T B EAVA I L A B L E

A C C U R AT E NAVIGATION IS POSSIBLE

GEMINI R E E N T RY P O S S I B L E E I T H E RM A NU A L LY O R I N A U T O M AT I CMODE


102/200

DEPARTMENT OF DEFENSE SUPPORT OF GEMINI

By Col. Royce G. Olson


103/200

N A S A - S - 6 6 - 1 1 7 2 4

GEMINI N E T W O R K S TAT I O N S

N A S A - S - 6 6 - 1 1 7 2 5

GEMINI N E T W O R KS TAT I O N S (CONT)

1 C A P E K E N N E D Y

2 G R A N D B A H A M A

3 G R A N D TURK

4 A N T I G U A5 B E R M U D A6 C A N A R Y

7 K A N O

8 A S C E N S I O N9 T A N A N A R I V E

( D O D )

( D O D )

( D O D )

( D O D )( N A S A )( N A S A )

( N A S A )

(DOD)

( N A S A )

10

11

12

1314

15

16

17

C A R N A R V O N (WRE)

C A N T O N ( N A S A )

K A U A I ( N A S A )

P T A R G U E L L O (DOD)G U AY M A S ( N A S A )

W H I T ES A N D S (DOD)

CORPUS CHRISTI( N A S A )

EGLIN AFB (DOD)

T H R E ESHIPS A N D A I R C R A F TP O S I T I O N E DA S N E C E S S A RY


104/200


105/200

NASA-S-66-12105

PLANNED L A N D I N GA R E A S

W E S T AT L A N T I CZ O N E 1

?rw'" xi

M ID PACIFICZ O N E 4

W E S T PACIFICZ O N E 3

E A S T AT L A N T I CZ O N E 2

N A S - A ^ S 6 6 - 1 2 0 0 1

GEMINI 23-A R E C O V E RY


106/200

NASA-S-66-12100

GEMINI R E C O V E RY

N A S A - S - 6 6 - 1 1 8 7 2

40

30

20

10

DO D S U P P O RT - PROJECT GEMINISHIP - A I R C R A F T

150 r

50^^^^_

3 6 9 12

MISSION

3 6 9

MISSION

12


107/200

N A S A - S - 6 6 - 11 8 7 3

R E T R I E VA LR E L AT E D T O A C C E S S TIMEMANNED GEMINI MISSIONS

GEMINIMISSION

mIY

Y

YI-A

YEV T T T

K-A

X

21

xn

T I M E F R O M

S P L A S H T OR E C O V E RY

1:10

0:57

1:29

1:06

0:33

3:10

0:52

0:28

0:24

0:28

SHIP

A C C E S SH O U R S

4

4

4

4

4

6

4

4

4

4

R E M A R K S

C R E W R E M A I N E DIN SC

L A N D E D IN W. PA C I F I C ZONE

C R E W R E M A I N E D I N S C

NASA-S-66-12099

SPLASH DISTANCE FROMTARGET POINT

92

MILES 50 -

n m LY YYi - AY H Y i nE X - Ax x i x nGEMINI MISSION


108/200

GEMINI LAUNCH AND TARGET VEHICLE

SUPPORT BY THE UNITED STATES AIR FORCE

By Col. Alfred J. Gardner


109/200

N A S A - S - 6 6 - 1 2 0 8 5

P R O G R A M O F F I C EM A N A G E M E N T

F O R E C A S T E V E N T SAND W O R K L O A D

N O N - F O R E C A S TR E Q U I R E M E N T S

E V O L U T I O N

I M P R O V E M E N T S

P R O B L E M S

N A S A - S - 6 6 - 1 2 0 8 4

A F V E H IC L E S U P P O R T

A F S Y S T E M S COMMAND

S PA C E S Y S T E M SD I V I S I O NL O S A N G E L E S

I

P R O G R A M O F F I C E SA E R O S PA C E

C O R P O R AT I O N

1

6555A E R O S PA C E T E S TWING

C A P E K E N N E D Y

12 GEMINI L A U N C H V E H I C L E S

6 GEMINI A G E N A TA R G E T V E H I C L E S 7 S LV- 3 L A U N C HV E H I C L E S

G U I D A N C E E Q U AT I O N S

L A U N C HS E RV I C E S


110/200

N A S A - S - 6 6 - 1 2 0 7 3 GEMINIYffl

VEHICLEERECTION

N A S A - S - 6 6 - 1 2 0 7 1

OFFLOADING OF AGENA


111/200

NASA-S-66-12072

AT L A SERECTION AT

C O M P L E X 14

N A S A - S - 6 6 - 1 2 0 8 1

H I S TO RY O F S PA C E C R A F T W E I G H T A N DPREDICTEDG L V MINIMUM PAY L O A D

C A PA B I L I T YAV E R A G E

MINIMUM GLVPAY L O A D C A PA B I L I T Y

W E I G H T,IN 100 LB

I N C R E M E N T S

AV E R A G ES PA C E C R A F T W E I G H T

AV E R A G E (GEMINIV T T TT H R O U G H X D)

1963 1 9 6 4 I 1965 I 1966


112/200

N A S A - S - 6 6 - 1 2 0 8 2

C O M PA R I S O N O F N O R M A L I Z E DPREDICTEDA N D A C H I E V E D PAY L O A DC A PA B I L I T I E S

PA R T I

W E I G H T, IN200 LB

I N C R E M E N T S

F I N A LPREDICTEDMINIMUM PAY L O A DC A PA B I L I T YF I N A LPREDICTEDPAY L O A DC A PA B I L I T YR A N G E (M IN . T O M A X . )

N A S A - S - 6 6 - 1 2 0 8 3

C O M PA R I S O N O F N O R M A L IZ E DP R E D I C T E DA N D A C H IE V E D PAY L O A DC A PA B I L I T I E S

P A R T E

W E I G H T, IN200 LB

I N C R E M E N T S

YI -A Y TH I X - A

S C A C T U A LS PA C E C R A F T L A U N C H W E I G H TA A C T U A L N O R M A L I Z E DP O S T F L I G H TPAY L O A DC A PA B I L I T Y


113/200

NASA-S-66-12087

GEMINI AGENA TA R G E T V E H IC L E' P R O J E C T SURE FIRE'

O C T 1965 FA I L U R E

N O V 1965 R E C O V E RYP L A N

DESIGN

S E A LEVELT E S T S

ALTITUDE TESTS

M A R C H 1 9 6 6 S U C C E S S

N A S A - S - 6 6 - 1 2 0 8 6

CONCLUSIONS

' N O N - F O R E C A S T ' P L A N N I N GIS R E Q U I R E D KEY TO SUCCESS

F L E X I B I L I T YP E R S O N N E LF U N D SS C H E D U L E SM O T I VAT I O N

DOD/NASA C O O P E R AT I O NISC O M P L E M E N TA RY

E X P E R I E N C E O R G A N I Z AT I O N


114/200

F R E - G E M I N IM E D I C A LP R E D I C T I O N S

VERSUS G E M I N IF L I G H TR E S U LT S

By Dr. Charles A. Berry


115/200

NASA-S-66-12094

P R E D I C T E D W E I G H T L E S S E F F E C T SPA RT I

ANOREXIA

N A U S E A

D I S O R I E N TAT I O N

SLEEPINESS

SLEEPLESSNESS

FAT I G U E

RESTLESSNESS

E U P H O R I A

NASA-S-66-12095

P R E D I C T E D W E I G H T L E S S E F F E C T SP A R Tn

HALLUCINATIONS

D E C R E A S E Dg T O L E R A N C E

G.I. D I S T U R B A N C E

U R I N A RY R E T E N T I O N

DIURESIS

M U S C U L A RINCOORDINATION

M U S C L E AT R O P H Y

DEMORALIZATION OF B O N E S


116/200

N A S A - S - 6 6 - 1 2 0 1 8GEMINI G-A

E X E R C I S EC A PA C I T Y TEST RESULTSPART I R E C O V E R Y

T E S T P E R I O D -240

200

H E A RT R AT E 1 6 0

ANDBLOOD P R E S S U R E 1 2 0

80

40

0

400

300

W O R K R AT E , 2 00WAT T S

100

P R E P O S TFIT FIT

H E A RT R AT EBLOOD P R E S S U R E

E N D O F T E S T

i i i I I L24 6 8 10 12 14 16 0 2 4 6

E L A P S E D TIME, MIN

NASA-S-66-12064

M E R C U RY MANNED FLIGHTSTA B L E I

F L I G H T

MR-3

MR-4

MA-6

MA-7

MA-8

MA-9

C R E W

S H E PA R D

GRISSOM

GLENN

C A R P E N T E R

S C H I R R A

C O O P E R

LAUNCH

5-5-61

7-21-61

2-20-62

5-24-62

10-3-63

5-15-63

HRS MIN

15

15

4 56

4 56

9 14

34 20


117/200

N A S A S 6 6 1 2 0 1 9 GEMINI IX-A

EXERCISE C A PA C I T YTEST RESULTSP A R Tn

400

300W O R K R AT E , 2Q O

WAT T S100

P R E F L I G H TP O S T F L I G H T

2 4 6 8 10 12 14 16E L A P S E D TIME, MIN

N A S A - S - 6 6 - 12067

GEMINI MANNED FLIGHTSPA RT I

F L I G H T

m

LY

Y

YJJ

3O-A

vm

C R E W

G R I S S O MYOUNG

M C DIVITT

W H I T EC O O P E RC O N R A D

BORMANL O V E L L

S C H I R R AS TA F F O R D

ARMSTRONGS C O T T

L A U N C H

3-23-65

6-3-65

8-21-65

12-4-65

12-15-65

3-16-66

D U R AT I O ND AY S H R S r M I N

4 : 52

4 0: 56

7 22:56

1 3 18 : 35

1 1 : 53

10: 41


118/200

NASA-S -66-12068

GEMINI MANNEDFLIGHTSP A R Tn

F L I G H T

EX -A

X

XI

xn

C R E W

S TA F F O R DG E R M A N

YOUNGC O L L I N S

C O N R A DGORDON

L O V E L LA L D R I N

L A U N C H

6-3-66

7 -18 -66

9-12-66

11-11-66

D U R AT I O ND AY S HRS:MIN

3 1 :04

2 22 : 46

2 23 : 17

3 22 : 37

NASA-S-66-11939

S PA C E F L I G H T S T R E S S E S

FULL P R E S S U R E SUITC O N F I N E M E N TA N D R E S T R A I N T1 0 0 % O X Y G E N 5 p s iAT M O S P H E R ECHANGING C A B I N P R E S S U R E

( L A U N C H A N DE N T RY )VA RY I N G C A B I NA N D SUIT T E M P E R AT U R EA C C E L E R AT I O N - gF O R C EW E I G H T L E S S N E S SV I B R AT I O ND E H Y D R AT I O NF L I G H T P L A N P E R F O R M A N C ES L E E P N E E DA L E RT N E S S N EE DCHANGING I L L U M I N AT I O N

D I M I N I S H E DFOOD I N TA K E


119/200

NASA-S-66-11931

GEMINI YH

PHYSIOLOGICAL M E A S U R E M E N T SP I L O T

160

120

H E A R TR AT E

80

40

0

C A P E DAY- NIGHT DSLEEP O

A

HIGHMEANLOW

Illl Il ll

32 64 96 128

G.E.T. , H R S

160 192

N A S A - S - 6 6 - 11 9 4 2

GEMINI C A R D I O VA S C U L A RE VA L U AT I O N T E C H N I Q U E S


120/200

NASA-S-66-11901GEMINI

PEAK HEART RATES,BEATS/MIN

GEMINI MISSION

IEE

Y

YI-A

YO.

vmIX - A

X

XI

xn

L A U N C H

152-120148-128

148-155

125-150

152-125

138-120

142-120

120-125

166-154

136-110

R E E N T RY

165-130140-125

170-178

125-140

180-134

130-90

160-126

110-90

120-117

142-137

NASA-S-66-11932

1 45

1 30H E A RT

RATE 90

50

B L O O DnoT ILT PRESSURE 90

DATA 7012

GEMINI

LEGVOLUME

CC/100 CC

8

0

BEGIN END/ \.- '

PREFLIGHTP O S T F L I G H T

8 12 1 6 20 24M I N U T E S


121/200

NASA-S-66-12104

HEART RATE TILT RESPONSEC O M PA R E D W I T H MISSION D U R AT I O N

160140

120POSTFLIGHT

V SPREFLIGHTPERCENT 60

O CP 1ST TILT

P 1 S TTILT

80 -

40

2 0

0

CP 2ND TILT

P 2ND TILT

J f i i i i i i2 4 6 8 10 12 14

M I S S I O N D U R AT I O N ,D AY S16

N A S A - S - 6 6 - 1 1 8 9 6

GEMINI B L O O D V O L U M ESTUDIES

20

G E M I N I IY 0

- 2 0

2 0

G E M I N IY 0

- 2 02 0

G E M I N IYH 0

- 2 0

T O TA L P L A S M A R E D CELLB L O O D V O L U M E M A S S

V O L U M E

- 3 7 8 -118-910 -492 -260

DCP

^P

-1061

- 5 4 7 -592-209

+ 419-441 -383

+ 24 +101NO SIG

C H A N G E- 4 4 -1 44 - 39 8


122/200

NASA-S-66-11903

P R O J E C T GEMINI B I O C H E M I S T R I E S

GEMINI YH PILOTU R I N E SODIUM

SODIUMmEq/24 M R S

200

100

0

A L D O S T E R O N E

U R I N E SODIUM

A L D O -S T E R O N E

A * g / 2 4M R S

100

PREFLIGHT INFLIGHT POSTFLIGHT

NASA-S-66-11929

PROJECT GEMINI BIOCHEMISTRIES

GEMINI YEPURINE P O TA S S I U M

100 r

m E q / 2 4 HRS 50

0 L

PREFLIGHT INFLIGHT P O S T F L I G H T


123/200

NASA-S-66-11930

PROJECT GEMINI BIOCHEMISTRIES

GEMINI YnCPURINE 1 7 - H Y D R O X Y C O R T I C O S T E R O I D S

mg/24 M R S

12.5

10.0

7.5

5.0

2 .5

nn

-

-

-

-

- - _

PREFLIGHT INFLIGHT POSTFLIGHT

NASA-S-66-12065

GEMINI B O N E D E N S I T O M E T RYS T U D YC H A N G E I ND E N S I T YO F H A N D P H A L A N X5 - 2

- 2 4

- 2 0

C H A N G EIN _1 6DENSITYOF

H A N D -1 2P H A L A N X

5-2 - 8

- 4

0

G -Y COMMANDPILOT

PILOT

B ED RESTS U B J E C T

G - Y E

4 D AY S600 TO 700

mg Co

8 D AY S300

mg Co

1 4 D AY S1000

mg Co


124/200

NASA-S-66-12070

GEMINI

PROJECT GEMINI BIOCHEMISTRIESBOUND P L A S M A H Y D R O X Y P R O L I N E

0.21

0.17

"M/ML

0.13

F-20F L I G H T

N A S A - S - 6 6 - 1 2 0 7 4

G E M I N ILY

P R O J E C T GEMINI BIOCHEMISTRIESBOUND P L A S M A H Y D R O X Y P R O L I N E

0.21

0.17

/iM/ML

0.13

0 F-10 * DAY R+0F L I G H T

P

C P

1R+ 2 R+4 R+6


125/200

N A S A - S - 6 6 - 11 9 3 3

T Y P I C A LGEMINI MENUPA RT I

D AY S 2 , 6 , 10 & 14

M E A L A C A L O R I E S

G R A P E F R U I TD R I N K 8 3

C H I C K E N A N D G R AV Y 9 2

BEEF S A N D W I C H E S 2 6 8

A P P L E S A U C E 1 65P E A N U T C U B E S 2 9 7

905

NASA-S-66-11943

LOSS O F B O N E D E N S I T YO N GEMINI M I S S I O N SPA RT I


126/200

N A S A - S - 6 6 - 11 9 2 6

GEMINI E

C A L O R I C I N TA K E2700 r

C A L O R I E S

M C D I V I T T(2066)

W H I T E ( 2 2 3 0 )

1 2 3 4MISSION, D U R AT I O N ,D AY S

P R O V I D E DON B O A R D ( 2550 )M E TA B O L I CR AT E B A S E D O N

CO 2 O U T P U T ( 2 4 1 0 )

NASA-S-66-12107

GEMINI YC A L O R I C I N TA K E

C A L O R I E S

2800

2400

2000

1600

1200

800

400

C O O P E R ( 1 0 7 5 )

CONRAD (915)

P R O V I D E D ONB O A R D ( 2 7 5 5 )

M E TA B O L I CR AT E F R O MC O 2 O U T P U T ( 2 0 1 0 )

0 1 2 3 4 5 6 7MISSION D U R AT I O N , D AY S


127/200

N A S A - S - 6 6 - 1 2 0 6 3

C H A N G EIN OS

C A L C I SDENSITY

(PERCENT)- 2 0

-1 6

-12

- 8

- 4

0

LOSS O F BONE DENSITYON GEMINI MISSIONS

PA RT H

G-IZ

4 D AY S600 TO 700

m g C o

G - Y

8 D AY S300

mg Co

COMMAND PILOT

PILOT

BED R E S TS U B J E C T

1 4 D AY S1000

m g C o

N A S A - S - 6 6 - 1 2 0 6 9

A S T R O N A U TW E I G H T L O S ST O N E A R E S T H A L FPOUND

MISSION F L I G H T

mE2

Y

YI-A

YE

VTTT

IX-A

X

XI

xn

COMMAND P I L O T

3

4.5

7.5

2.5

10

N O T AVAIL

5

3

2.5

6.5

P I L O T

3.5

8.5

8.5

8

6

N O T AVAIL

13.5

3

0

7


128/200

N A S A - S - 6 6 - 1 1 9 3 4

T Y P I C A LGEMINI MENUP A R Tn

D AY S 2, 6, 10 & 14M E A L B C A L O R I E S

O R A N G E - G R A P E F R U I T D R I N K 8 3B E E FPOT R O A S T 1 1 9B A C O N A N D E G G B I T E S 2 06C H O C O L AT EP U D D I N G 307S T R AW B E R RY C E R E A LC U B E S -114

M E A L C 829

P O TAT O SOUP 2 2 0S H R I M P C O C K TA I L 1 1 9D AT E F R U I T C A K E 2 62O R A N G E DRINK 8 3

T O TA L C A L O R I E S

68 4

2418

NASA-66-12106

2600

2300

2000C A L O R I E S

1700

1400

1100

GEMINI YH

C A L O R I C I N TA K E

nl0 1 3 4 5

M I S S I O N6 7 8

D U R AT I O N ,9 1 0D AY S

11 12 13 14

B O R M A N( 1 7 7 4 )

L O V E L L

P R O V I D E D O N B O A R D (2333)

M E TA B O L I CR AT E , F R O M C O oOUTPUT (2219)


129/200

NASA-S-66-11925

COMMAND P I L O T H E A RT R AT EC O M PA R I S O N SM A - 8 AND GEMINI YI-A

H E A RT R AT E ,B E AT S / M I N

1 40 r

120

100

80

- G E M I N I

- M E R C U RY

0 4 6G.E.T. ,MIN

8 10


130/200

SUMMARYO F G E M I N I E X P E R I M E N T SP R O G R A M

B y Norman G. Foster


131/200

NASA.S-66-12108

S U M M A R Y

G E N E R A LE X P E R I M E N T SP R O G R A M

C H A N G E S D U E TO O P E R AT I O N S

S C O P E O F T H EP R O G R A M

I N T E G R AT I O NI N T O M I S S I O N S

NASA-S-66-11915

E X P E R I M E N TP R O G R A M S U M M A RY

S P O N S O R I N G N O . O F T O TA LE X PA G E N C Y E X P E R I M E N T S MISSIONS

S C I E N T I F I C

O S S A ( S ) 17 47

T E C H N O L O G I C A L

O A RT (T) 2 2

OMSF (MSC) 10 -18

DOD (D) 15 - 26

M E D I C A L

MEDICAL (M) 8 18

T O TA L S 5 2 111


132/200

NASA-S-66-12109

P R I N C I PA L I N V E S T I G AT O R SA N D A F F I L I AT I O N SPART I

NAMEZODIACAL PHOTOGRAPHYSEA URCHIN EGG GROWTHFROG EGG GROWTHRADIATION ON BLOODT E R R A I NPHOTOGRAPHY

W E AT H E R PHOTOGRAPHY

CLOUD TOP SPECTROMETERVISUAL ACUITY

NUCLEAR EMULSION

AGENA MICRO COLLECTAIRGLOW PHOTOGRAPHYMICROMETEORITE COLLECTUV ASTRONOMICAL CAMERAION WAKE MEASUREMENTLIBRATION PHOTOGRAPHYDIM SKY ORTHICONDAYTIME SODIUM CLOUD

EXPERIMENTERNEYYOUNGYOUNGB E N D E RLOWMAN

JNAGLER,L f ^^ i ii r rSOULES

SAIEDYDUNTLEY

fSHAPIROL F I C H T E L

HEMENWAYKOOMENHEMENWAY

\ HENIZEMEDVEDMORRISHEMENWAYB L A M O N T

AFFILUOFMAMESAMESAECGSFC

U S W B

ESSAU OF CNRLGSFCDUDLEYNRLDUDLEYNWUEOSusesDUDLEYC N R S

MISSIONS2, 2ffl, IX, Xfflvm xnffl, 2112,2,21, 211, X,12,2 30,301,2

2,2EI2,211vm YT

'2ffl, 12,2,2012,21,20LX,X ,XDX,XI XDX,XIxnXIxn

xi xnX Tx n

NASA-S-66-12110

PRINCIPALINVESTIGATORSAN D AFFILIATIONSPART H

NAME

REENTRY COMMUNICATIONS

MANUAL SPACE NAVIGATION

ELECTROSTATICCHARGEPROTON-ELECTRON SPECTROMETERF L U X - G AT E MAGNETOMETEROPTICAL COMMUNICATIONLUNAR SPECTRAL REFLECTANCEBETA SPECTROMETERBREMSS T RAHLUNGSPECTROMETERCOLOR PATCH PHOTOGRAPHYEARTHS LIMB PHOTOGRAPHYLANDMARK MEASUREMENTS

EXPERIMENTER AFFIL MISSIONS

SCHROEDER LRCf SMITHL C R E E R

AMES

IE

X f f

LAFFERTYMARBACHWOMACKLILLYSTOKESMARBACH

LINDSEYBRINKMAN

PETERSEN

MANRY

MSCMSCMSCMSC

MSCMSC

MSC

MSCMITMSC

12,Y12,21112, 301,X, 2121Xx,xnx,xnX12

2n,x


133/200


134/200

NASA-S-66H1851

P H O T O G R A P H I C E Q U I P M E N T S T O WA G E

N A S A - S - 6 6 - U 8 5 7

GEMINI L O O S E E Q U I P M E N T S T O WA G E


135/200

N A S A - S - 6 6- 1 1 8 4 5

RADIATION A N D O g EFFECTSON BLOOD CELLS

GEMINI E X P E R I M E N TS004

NASA-S-66-11960

E X P E R I M E N TS003


136/200

N A S A - 6 6 - 11 8 7 4

LOCATION O F RADIOMETRYEXPERIMENTD004 AND D007 E Q U I P M E N T

O P T I C A LS I G H TS T O WA G E

O P T I C A LS I G H TPA N E L

C O N T R O L S

S P E C T R O M E T E R / I N T E R F E R O M E T E R( C R Y O G E N I CC O O L E D ) -

ECS M O D U L E

FUEL C E L LMODULE E L E C T R I C A LB O X

A N D T E L E M E T RY

OAMSM O D U L E

R E C O R D E RE L E C T R O N I C S

BUFFERA M P L I F I E R

R E C O R D E RR E E L S

S P E C T R O M E T E R / I N T E R F E R O M E T E R

E L E CM O D U L E

T R A N S M I T T E R

N A S A - S - 6 6 - 1 1 8 8 1

O P E R AT I O N A LMISSION

CONFIGURATION


137/200

N A S A - S - 6 6 - 11 8 8 7

E X P E R I M E N TMISSION TIME LINE

GEMINIMISSION

TT7LV .-

\7T AYJ.-A

V I M

1 Y AiA-A

X3VTT...,

P L A N N E DMISSION

M A N H R S

i /in I4U.. OQQ ..Z o o

AAOO

TOO jy/on ..yu

on .yu

o n yuonyu

. 1 00 ..

P L A N N E DE X P E R I M E N T

A C T I V I T YM A N H R S

O K ...O

. OOZZ

A O

QAOO

- IOi y

. OAZ o. 17

P E R C E N TO F MISSION

1AIO

. 17 I/

101 Z... OOZ Z

....01Z \

...01/ 1

07o/... oo/y... n

T O TA L S 1377 299.5 2 2 AV G

N A S A - S - 6 6 - 11 8 8 8

PAY L O A DAND C O N S U M A B L E S

GEMINIMISSION

T\7LY _

TTJL "

T7T AV I-A

T7TTV II

VIII

TV AIA-A

YT ..

T O TA LE X P E R I M E N TW E I G H T(LBS)

AOo y. 1A7IO/

9nAzuo99 ,..

9 0 7 .Z O/97


138/200

NASA-S-66-11889

E X P E R I M E N TP E R F O R M A N C ES TAT U SGEMINI

MISSION L A U N C H E D A C C O M P L I S H E D PROBLEMS

m 3 2- - EQUIP

1 2 1 1 1 1Y 17- 16 MISSION

YI-A 3 3

YU 20 - 17 E Q U I P

V T T T 10 1 MISSION

E X - A 7 6 MISSION

X 1 5 1 2 MISSIONXI 11 10 MISSION

XH -14- --12- E Q U I P

TOTALS 111 90

N A S A - S - 6 6 - 1 1 9 6 4

P R O G R A M RESULTS

C O N T R I B U T I O NOF K N O W L E D G EAND D ATA

E X P E R I E N C E F O R L A R G E R P R O G R A M


139/200

S PA C E PHOTOGRAPHY

B y Richard W. Underwood


140/200

NASA-S-66-12111

GEMINI 70mm FILMS

NAME T Y P E

S.0.217 E K TA C H R O M E T R A N S PA R E N C Y

S.0.368

D-50

8443

S.O.I 66(0-85)

3400

2475

103-D

l-O

E K TA C H R O M E T R A N S PA R E N C Y( I M P R O V E D )

M I S S I O N S F L O W N

m, TY, Y, YI-A,Y H ,Yin, r x - A , xxi, xn

Y

xi, xn

A N S C O C H R O M ET R A N S PA R A N C Y

E K TA C H R O M E ,I N F R A R E D

U LT R A HIGH SPEED (ASA=6000)

PAN-ATOMIC X (ASA=80)

HIGH SPEED (ASA=1200)

S P E C T R O G R A P H I C(4500A-6100A) TX-A,XI

S P E C T R O G R A P H I C(2500A-5000A) X,XI,XII


141/200


142/200


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146/200


147/200


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151/200


152/200


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158/200


159/200


160/200


161/200


162/200

S C I E N T I F I CEXPERIMENTS RESULTSS U M M A R Y

By Willis B. FosterJocelyn R. Gill


163/200

N A S A . S . 6 6 - 1 2 0 2 8

B A J A C A L I F O R N I A , M E X I C O

NASA-S.66-12025

A R A B I A NPENINSULAA N D R E D S E A


164/200

NASA-S-66-12029

GULF OF M E X I C O

N A S A - S - 6 6 - 1 2 0 3 0

C A M A G U E ZP R O V I N C E , C U B A


165/200


166/200

N A S A - S - 6 6 - 1 2 0 3 5

Z O D I A C A LL I G H T,P L A N E T V E N U S ,A N D A I R G L O WL AY E R

NASA-S-66-12026STARFIELD SEEN IN

SPLIT-FIELDFILTER P H O T O G R A P H Y


167/200

N A S A - S 66-11871

GEMINI XI

A I R G L O W P H O T O G R A P H SOBTAINEDFROM IMAGE ORTHICON S Y S T E M

N E A R CANOPUS N E A RA R C T U R U S

N A S A - S - 6 6 - 1 2 0 3 6

M I C R O M E T E O R I T EIMPACT C R AT E R


168/200

N A S A - S - 6 6 - 1 2 0 3 1

PILOT RETRIEVING MICROMETEORITEC O L L E C T I O NPA C K A G E

N A S A - S - 6 6 - 1 2 0 3 3

U LT R AV I O L E T S P E C T R U MGRATING O F SIRIUS


169/200

NASA-S-66-12037

ULTRAVIOLETS P E C T R U M

O FC A N O P U S

C A N O P U SZ E R O ORDER

"/ GATV\ A I R G L O W/SHADOW\ L AY E R - A

x " ~-^V .3M G n

B A L M E RLIMIT-E A RT H ' S LIMB

C A N O P U S S P E C T R A


170/200

E X P E R I M E N T SR E S U LT S S U M M A R Y

B y Col . Wilbur A. Ballentine


171/200

NASA-S-66-11950

DOD/NASA GEMINI EXPERIMENTSP R O G R A MRESULTS

D O D

MANAGEMENT

D O D E X P E R I E N C EIN MANNEDS PA C E FLIGHT

E S TA B L I S H E DDOD/NASA

P R O C E D U R E S

I N F O R M AT I O NC O O R D I N AT I O N

DOD/NASAE X P E R I M E N T S

P R O G R A M

T E C H N I C A LRESULTS

N A S A

IMANAGEMENT

E X P E R I M E N TMANAGEMENTE X P E R I E N C E

E S TA B L I S H E DO R G A N I Z AT I O N A LA N D P E R S O N N E LR E L AT I O N S H I P S

N A S A - S - 6 6 - 1 1 9 6 8

EXPNO.D001D002D006

D003D004D007D005D008D009

D010D012D013D014

D015D016

DOD/NASA GEMINI E X P E R I M E N T SFLIGHT

YYm,XIY, YHY, Y31Y H , *

TITLE

B A S I C O B J E C T P H O T O G R A P H YN E A R B Y O B J E C T P H O T O G R A P H YS U R FA C E P H O T O G R A P H YM A S S D E T E R M I N AT I O NC E L E S T I A L R A D I O M E T RYS PA C E O B J E C T R A D I O M E T RYS TA R O C C U L AT I O NNAVIGATIONR A D I AT I O NIN S PA C E C R A F TSIMPLE NAVIGATIONION S E N S I N G AT T I T U D ECONTROLX,XDA S T R O N A U T M A N E U V E R I N G U N I TTX-AA S T R O N A U T V I S I B I L I T YU H F / V H FP O L A R I Z AT I O N

M E A S U R E M E N T SNIGHT IMAGE I N T E N S I F I C AT I O NP O W E R T O O L E VA L U AT I O N

Y, YH

RESULT

C O M P L E T EI N C O M P L E T EC O M P L E T EC O M P L E T EC O M P L E T EC O M P L E T EC O M P L E T EC O M P L E T EC O M P L E T EC O M P L E T E

INCOMPLETEC O M P L E T E

YET,IX-A I N C O M P L E T EYIJI, XI C O M P L E T EYTJl/XI INCOMPLETE


172/200

N A S A - S - 6 6 - 11 9 1 9

GEMINIY

L O V E F I E L D , D A L L A S ,T E X A S

N A S A - S - 6 6 - 1 1 9 6 6

GEMINI XL

EXPERIMENTD003

M A S S D E T E R M I N AT I O N

M E T H O D

T E L E M E T RY

A S T R O N A U T

AGENA WEIGHT- L B S

R E F E R E N C ED AT A

7268

7268

E X P E R I M E N TD AT A

6912

7820

VA R I AT I O N

LBS

- 3 5 6

552

/o

- 4 . 9

7.6


173/200

NASA-S-66-11949

D4/D7 E Q U I P M E N T C O V E R A G EE L E C T R O M A G N E T I C S P E C T R U M

V I S I B L E - y FREQ CPS

1017 1016 1015/ 1014 1013 1012 1011 1010

f

\ x-' R A Y S)) i

U LT R A -V I O L E T

i * i' -.76i

I N F R A R E DLIGHT

i i

R A D I OWAVES

i i

I

I (

.OOl^.Ol/; .!/* l/i lOju lOO/i 10JnWAV E L E N G T H IN M I C R O N S

PMT PBS , B O L O|R A D I O M E T E R ,GEMINI Y >2 TO Q^ Yl5 3. 4.3 TO 1

PMT PBS ,R A D I O M E T E R ,GEMINI YTJ 0 -br* oc ,'.2 TO .vio/j 1

IR S P E C T R O M E T E R ,GEMINI Y A N D Y T J, P B S , B O L O ,1 - 3 - 12/i

H g G eC R Y O G E N I CS P E C T R O M E T E R ,GEMINI Y AND YE /

NASA-S-66-11924GEMINI

SATELLITE T O S AT E L L I T EM E A S U R E M E N T

10',-7

S P E C T R A LI R R A D I A N C E

HA/ WATTCM' 2 /*' 1 10-8

1 0-9

GEMINI YI-A

V O I DS PA C E

1.0 1.2 1.4 1.6 1.8 2.0 2.2 2.4 2.6 2.8WAV E L E N G T H /M I C R O N S


174/200

N A S A - S - 6 6 - 1 1 9 6 5GEMINI X

V E G A O C C U LTAT I O NEXPERIMENTD005

S TA R O C C U LTAT I O NNAVIGATION

5

4

3P H O T O M E T E R

O U T P U T,V O LT S

0-1

1 0 20 30 40 50 60E L A P S E D T I M E , S E C O N D S

NASA-S-66-11948

1000

100

GEMINI ED O S E R AT E

S O U T H AT L A N T I CANOMALY PA S SR E V O L U T I O N7

1 50 N Ml

DOSE RATE,MILLIRAD/HR 10

1.0

P O RTA B L E D O S I M E T E R FIXED D O S I M E T E R

I I J I0.10 4 8 12 16

09:38 G.E.T. E L A P S E D T I M E ,MIN


175/200

NASA-S-66-11947

GEMINI E

C O S M I C R A D I AT I O N D O S EL E V E L SD O S E R AT E ,M I L L I R A D /

H O U R0.5

0.4

0.3

0.2

0.1

0.020

R E V O L U T I O N4 5

40 60E L A P S E DT I M E ,M IN

I i I i I i i

80

_ I2.0 1.5 0.0 1.5 2.0 1.5

L, E A RT H R A D I I0.0 1.5

100

N A S A - S - 6 6 - 1 1 9 6 7

GEMINI YTJORBIT PA R A M E T E R C O M PA R I S O N

EXPERIMENTD 0 0 9 - S I M P L ENAVIGATION

SET NO.

4

8

12

16

I N C L I N AT I O Ni - D E G R E E S

R E FD ATA

28.90

28.90

28.87

28.90

E X PD ATA

28.71

29.03

28.92

28 .72

RIGHT A S C E N S I O NOFA S C E N D I N GN O D E

n - DEGREES

R E FD ATA

192.03

192.06

192.01

192.02

E X PD ATA

191.85

192.37

192.20

191.84

RMS D E V I AT I O N S F R O MR E F E R E N C EP O S I T I O NA C R O S S T R A C K 6 . 3 N M lA L O N G T R A C K 10.1 N Ml


176/200

NASA-S-66-11946 GEMINI XH

E X P E R I M E N TD010IO N SENSING AT T I T U D E C O N T R O L

20

10YAW 0ANGLE,DEC -10

-2020

ION S E N S O R

YAW10

0ANGLE,DEC -1 0

-20

-i ..., I N E RT I A L S E N S O R

i i i i i

200 400ELAPSED T I M E , SEC

i i

600

NASA-S-66-11921

AMU,GEMINI SUIT,

AN D E L S S


177/200

N A S A - S - 6 6 - 11 9 1 8 GEMINI 2H

A I R C R A F T PHOTOE X P E R I M E N T D013 GROUND A R R A Y

NASA-S-66 -11886

E X P E R I M E N TD016MINIMUM R E A C T I O NP O W E R TOOL

MODE S E L E C T O RSLEEVE

T R I G G E R S W I T C H

F O RWA R D - R E V E R S ES W I T C H

L I G H T S


178/200

ASTRONAUT FLIGHT AND SIMULATION EXPERIENCE

By Lt. Col. Thomas P. Stafford


179/200

N A S A - S - 6 6 - 1 1 7 1 9

FIDELITYO F FLIGHTS I M U L AT I O N SV E R S U S A C T U A L F L I G H T

PA RT IMISSION A R E A S - L A U N C H

D C P S - SOUND, MOTION, V I S U A LS H I RT- S L E E V E

CMS - SOUND, V I S U A L ,SHIRT-SLEEVE,S U I T E D

GMS/MCC SIMULATIONS, SUITED


180/200

N A S A - S - 6 6 - 1 2 0 2 2

DYNAMIC CREW PROCEDURES S I M U L AT O R

N A S A - S - 6 6 - 1 0 9 6F E B 4GEMINIDYNAMIC C R E W P R O C E D U R E S S I M U L AT O R


181/200

N A S A . S 6 6 - 1 2 0 2 1

GEMINI MISSION S I M U L AT O R

NASA-S-66-12020

GEMINI MISSION S I M U L ATO R C O C K P I T


182/200

N A S A - S - 6 6 - 1 1 8 3 5

S PA C E - F I X E DVELOCITYA N D FLIGHT-PATH ANGLES PA C E - F I X E D V E L

F T / S E C X 1 Q 32 8

S PA C E - F I X E DFLIGHT PATHANGLE, D E C

32

24

16

8

0

24

20

16

12

8

4

0

FLIGHT D ATA

GEMINI MISSIONS I M U L AT O RD ATA

j^SECO

S PA C E - F I X E DFLIGHT PATH

A N G L E

S PA C E - F I X E DV E L O C I T Y

60 120 180 240 300TIME F R O M LIFT-OFF,S E C

360

NASA-S-66-11836

DYNAMIC P R E S S U R E A N D MACH N U M B E R

Q,LB/FT

800

600

2400

200

012

MACHNO.

8

4

0

FLIGHT D ATA--- GEMINI MISSION

S I M U L ATO R D ATA

!k-BECO

j i

I I I I

60 120 180 240 300TIME FROMLIFT-OFF,SEC

360


183/200

NASA-S-66-11837

C O M PA R I S O N O FL O N G I T U D I N A LA C C E L E R AT I O N

FLIGHT D ATA

-- GEMINI MISSIONS I M U L AT O RD ATA

- S E C O

0 60 1 20 1 80 240 300 360TIME F R O M LIFT-OFF, S E C

NASA-S-66-11720

FIDELITYO F FLIGHT S I M U L AT I O N SV E R S U S A C T U A L FLIGHT

PA RT 0MISSION A R E A S - R E N D E Z V O U S

H Y B R I D - D E V E L O P M E N T OF NORMAL AND

B A C K - U P P R O C E D U R E S RANDOM STAR FIELD- R E N D E Z V O U S

E Q U I P M E N T,FA IL U R E S , S H I RT- S L E E V E S

CMS - T O TA L S PA C E C R A F T S Y S T E M S ,SHIRT-SLEEVE

E X A C T S TA R F I E L D- SUITED W I T H S T O WA G ETO REFINE TIME LINES

GMS/MCC SIMULATION - SUITED W I T HS T O WA G E


184/200

NASA-S-66-12024

E X T E R I O RV I E W O F H Y B R I D S I M U L ATO R

N A S A - S - 6 6 - 1 2 0 2 3

INTERIOR VIEWO F H Y B R I DS I M U L AT O R


185/200

N A S A - S - 6 6 - 11 8 3 9

A LT I T U D EA N D S PA C E - F I X E D V E L O C I T YD U R I N G ORBIT

A LT,S PA C E D - N Ml

F I X E D VEL 16 F T / S E C x l O3 1 40

26.2 r 12026.0 - 100

25.8 - 8025.6 - 60

25.4 - 4025.2 L 20

- F L I G H T D ATA

G E M I N IMISSIONS I M U L AT O R D ATA

A LT I T U D E

S PA C E - F I X E DV E L O C I T Y

.-INITIATE P H A S EJ A D J U S T M A N E U V E R

1:00 2:00 3:00G.E.T., HR:MIN

4:00

NASA-S-66-11838

R E L AT I V ET R A J E C T O RY P RO F IL EDURING T E R M I N A L P H A S E

RIGHT .4L AT E R A L

D I S P L A C E - 0MENT, N Ml

L E F T-4

V E RT I C A LD I S P L A C E - 4

MENT, N Ml

BELOW 12

16

FLIGHT DATAGEMINI MISSIONSIMULATOR DATA

404 8 12 16 20 24 28 32 36 40 44AHEADH-^BEHIND

H O R I Z O N TA LDISPLACEMENT,N Ml


186/200

GEMINI IX-A

R E N D E Z V O U SP R O P E L L A N T C O M PA R I S O NP A R TI

T R A N S F E R INITIATION

H Y B R I DS I M U L AT O RG E M I N I M I S S I O NS I M U L AT O R

FLIGHT

F I R S TC O R R E C T I O NH Y B R I DS I M U L AT O RG E M I N I M I S S I O N

S I M U L AT O RF L I G H T

0 20 40 60 80 100PROPELLANTC O N S U M E D ,LB S

N O T E :H Y B R I DS I M U L AT I O NI N C O R P O R AT E D S Y S T E MERRORS.G E M IN I M I S S I O N S I M U L AT I O N W A SNOMINAL

NASA-S-66-12103 GEMI NI IX-A

R E N D E Z V O U SP R O P E L L A N TC O M PA R I S O NP A R Tn

S E C O N D C O R R E C T I O NH Y B R I D S I M U L AT O RG E M I N I M I S S I O N

S I M U L AT O RF L I G H T

T E R M I N A L P H A S EH Y B R I DS I M U L AT O RG E M I N I M I S S I O N

S I M U L AT O RFLIGHT

0 20 40 60 80 100P R O P E L L A N TC O N S U M E D ,LB S

N O T E : H Y B R I DS I M U L AT I O NA N D G E M I N I M I S S I O N S I M U L AT I O N

C O N D U C T E D AT 1 5 N M lD I F F E R E N T I A LA LT I T U D E .FLIGHTC O N D U C T E D AT12.1 N M l DIFFERENTIALA LT I T U D E


187/200


188/200

N A S A . S - 6 6 - 11 7 2 3

FIDELITYOF FLIGHTSIMULATIONSVERSUS A C T U A LFLIGHT

P A R T YMISSION A R E A S - R E E N T RY

CMS

GMS/MCC - SUITED, S H I RT- S L E E V E

N A S A - S - 6 6 - 1 1 8 4 0

A LT I T U D EDURING REENTRY

FLIGHT DATA

GEMINI MISSIONS I M U L AT O RDATA

A L TFTxlO 3

iooo r800

600

400

200

- R E T R O F I R E

A LT I T U D E

0-0:04 0:04 0:12 0:20 0:28 0:36

G.E.T. FROM R E T R O F I R E ,HR-.MIN


189/200


190/200

NASA-S-66-11827

C O N T R I B U T I O N ST O A P O L L O

LAUNCH A N D F L I G H T O P E R AT I O N S

R E N D E Z V O U SAND D O C K I N G

E X T R AV E H I C U L A RA C T I V I T Y

C O N T R O L L E DL A N D I N G L A U N C H O P E R AT I O N S

MISSION C O N T R O L

NASA-S-66-12004

R E N D E Z V O U S

A P O L L O R E Q U I R E M E N T S

L U N A R R E N D E Z V O U S

E A RT H O R B I TA L R E N D E Z V O U S


191/200

NASA-S-66-11825

GEMINI O B J E C T I V E S A P P L I C A B L ET O APOLLO

LONG D U R AT I O N F L I G H T

R E N D E Z V O U SAND D O C K I N G P O S T- D O C K I N G M A N E U V E R S

C O N T R O L L E DR E E N T R YAND L A N D I N G F L I G H TAND G R O U N D C R E WP R O F I C I E N C Y

E X T R AV E H I C U L A R C A PA B I L I T Y

NASA-S-66-11826

C O N T R I B U T I O N S TO A P O L L O

MAJOR A R E A S

L A U N C H A N D F LIG H T O P E R A T I O N S

FLIGHTC R E W O P E R AT I O N S A N D TRAINING

T E C H N O L O G I C A L D E V E L O P M E N TO FS U B S Y S T E M SA N D C O M P O N E N T S


192/200

NASA-S-66-12102

R E N D E Z V O U S D E M O N S T R AT I O N S

B A S I C F E A S I B I L I T Y

A P P R O A C H F RO M A B O V E

USE OF S TA R - H O R I Z O NSIGHTINGS

PA S S I V E R E N D E Z V O U S

L U N A R O R B I T R E N D E Z V O U SS I M U L AT I O N

ONBOARD C O N T R O L

M I D C O U R S E M A N E U V E R S A U X I L I A R YP R O P U L S I O N

NASA-S-66-11686

R E N D E Z V O U S

D E M O N S T R AT E D GROUND COMPUTATIONS FLIGHT COMPUTATIONS MANUAL C O M P U TAT I O N S USE OF S TA R S M I D C O U R S E M A N E U V E R S

- P L A N E CHANGE- H E I G H T A D J U S T- PHASING

E X P E R I E N C E T O TA L R E N D E Z V O U S 10

- INITIAL 6- R E - R E N D E Z V O U S 3- D U A L R E N D E Z V O U S 1

MODES D E M O N S T R AT E D7


193/200

N A S A - S - 6 6 - 11 6 9 1

DOCKING

DEMONSTRATED

O P E R AT I O NFEASIBLE

T R A I N I N GA D E Q U AT E

L I G H T I N GN E E D S

E X P E R I E N C E

GEMINI V T T T 1

GEMINI X 1

G E M I N IXI 4

G E M I N IXH 3

NASA-S-66-12006

E X T R AV E H I C U L A RA C T I V I T YA P O L L O R E Q U I R E M E N T S

C R E W T R A N S F E R

L U N A R S U R FA C E A C T I V I T I E S


194/200

NASA-S-66-12101

D E M O N S T R AT I O NO F L A N D I N GA C C U R A C YN Ml

60N O RT H

40

20

o -

20

40

S O U T H

60

- //

j/

56 N Ml j j

( 310 N Ml H

. TA R G E T P O I N Tffl E-

PREFLIGHT PREDICTED \TOUCHDOWN FOOTPRINT-*

i i i i1 00 80 60 40 20 0 20 40 60 80

W E S T ^ N Ml - E A S T

NASA-S-66-12007

L A U N C H O P E R AT I O N S

P R E L A U N C HC H E C K O U T

O P E R AT I O N A LS U P P O RT

L A U N C H O P E R AT I O N S ORGANIZATION


195/200

NASA-S-66-12008

MISSION C O N T R O L

C O N T R O L C E N T E R / N E T W O R KS I M I L A R I T Y

F L I G H T C O N T R O L L E RT R A I N I N G

MISSION PLANNING P R E PA R AT I O N

FLIGHT P L A N P R E PA R AT I O N

N A S A - S - 6 6 - 11 8 2 8

C O N T R I B U T I O N S T O A P O L L O

FLIGHTC R E W O P E R AT I O N S A N D TRAINING

C R E W C A PA B I L I T Y

C R E W E Q U I P M E N T

C R E W T R A I N I N G ,MISSION P R E PA R AT I O NE X P E R I E N C E


196/200

NASA-S-66-12009

C R E W C A PA B I L I T Y

LONG D U R AT I O N

Z E R O - g A D A P TAT I O N

M U LT I - M A NC R E W P R O C E D U R E S

E X T R AV E H I C U L A RC A PA B I L I T Y

NASA-S-66-12010

C R E W E Q U I P M E N T

S PA C E S U I T S

P E R S O N A L E Q U I P M E N T

S A F E T Y A N D S U RV I VA L E Q U I P M E N T


197/200

NASA-S-66-12011

NASA-S-66-11829

C R E W T R A I N I N G

I N D I V I D U A L T R A I N I N G

S I M U L AT O R S

A C C U M U L AT E DFLIGHT E X P E R I E N C E

1940 MAN H O U R S

16 C R E WM E M B E R S

C O N T R I B U T I O N ST O A P O L L O

T E C H N O L O G I C A LD E V E L O P M E N TO F S U B S Y S T E M SA N D C O M P O N E N T S

C O M M U N I C AT I O N S G U I D A N C E AND N AV I G AT I O N E L E C T R I C A LP O W E R S U P P L Y P R O P U L S I O N

E N V I R O N M E N TA L C O N T R O L

G E N E R A LS U P P O RT


198/200

NASA-S-66-12012

C O M M U N I C AT I O N SS Y S T E M

B E A C O N S

Gemini Summary Conference Slides

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