Gccsi japan members'_meeting_200613_peng-si_zhen_chinagov

CCUS Development in China

Dr. PENG Sizhen

The Administrative Centre for China’s Agenda 21

GCCSI Member Meeting, Tokyo, 20th June 2013

Overview of Energy, Emissions and Role of CCUS

Policy, R&D, Demo, and International Cooperation

CCUS Prospective in China

Conclusions

Contents

OVERVIEW OF ENERGY, EMISSIONS AND ROLE OF CCUS

1. Role of CCUS

3E Profile 1978-2010

From 1990 to 2010, the GDP grew by 7.3 times, while energy consumption and CO2 emission increased by 3.3 and 3.0 times.

From 1990 to 2010, CO2 intensity declined by 57%, that is rare all over the world.

0

200000

4000001

97

8

19

79

19

80

19

81

198

2

19

83

19

84

19

85

19

86

19

87

19

88

19

89

19

90

19

91

19

92

199

3

19

94

19

95

19

96

19

97

19

98

19

99

20

00

20

01

20

02

20

03

200

4

20

05

20

06

20

07

20

08

20

09

20

10

20

11

中国过去三十年来各种能源消费量的变化

煤炭石油天然气水电、核电和风电

0%

50%

100%

19

78

19

79

19

80

19

81

19

82

19

83

19

84

19

85

19

86

19

87

19

88

19

89

19

90

19

91

19

92

19

93

19

94

19

95

19

96

19

97

19

98

19

99

20

00

20

01

20

02

20

03

20

04

20

05

20

06

20

07

20

08

20

09

20

10

20

11

中国过去三十年来能源消费结构的变化

煤炭石油天然气水电、核电和风电

Profile of Energy Consumption, and Structure 1978-2011

•Coal accounts for around 69% primary energy consumption over last 30 years

• The energy demand increases by 200 million tce annually in the recent years in which fossil fuels account for around 90% above.

•Non-fossil fuels development is remarkable, but still cant meet new incremental energy demands in quite a long time

Target of Carbon Emission Reduction in 2020

• CO2 emission intensity to drop 40-45% by 2020 according to the 2005 level.

• Non-fossil fuels accounting for about 15% of total primary energy consumption

• Forest area and stock volume newly increasing 40 million hectares and 1.3 billion m3 respectively compared to 2005

• Promoting development of green economy, low-carbon economy and circular economy, and R&D climate sound technologies

Normal mitigation technologies have great potential for CO2

reduction in China currently, and are cost effective.

2020 2030 2050

Mitigation tech. in

Industry, Transport and

Building

2.2Gt 3.8Gt 5.0Gt

Non-Fossil Energy Tech. 1.5Gt 3.0Gt 5.3Gt

• Mitigation Potential

• Mitigation Cost (big portion of negative cost)

45%

65% in

2020

Building Sector Industry Sector

CCUS is not mature and is expensive

• High costs

• High energy penalty

• High risk

A big portion of fuel costs

in total cost.

Scenario analysis suggests CCUS will play important role in mid-

and long-term.

0

5

10

15

20

25

2020年 2030年 2050年

减排

潜力

亿吨

CO

2/年

多联产

IGCC燃烧前

富氧燃烧

燃烧后

NGCC

IGCC

超临界

超超临界

AD700

1.4 Gt

Modeling Study on Energy and Emission Reduction in 2050 By Tsinghua University

2020 2030 2050

GDP 7-8% 6% 4%

Primary Energy (bi. tce)

5 6 7

Non fossil fuels

14-15% 20% 38%

CO2 emission (bi. T)

10 11 60

ELC Scenario

•CCUS will account for about 27% contribution if CO2 emission in 2050 drops to the 2005 level.

12

Modeling Study on Energy and Emission Reduction in 2050 By China Academy of Engineering

2020 2030 2050

GDP 7-8% 6% 3.5%

Primary Energy (bi. tce)

4.2 4.8 5.8

Non fossil fuels

14% 25% 40%

CO2 emission (bi. T)

9 8.5 8

Scenario of High EE

Theoretical Storage Capacity

• Examined 17 onshore basins and 10 offshore

• Applied specific storage volume method based on

• Capacity: 3.1TtCO2

– 2.3 TtCO2 onshore

– 0.8 TtCO2 offshore

Saline Aquifer


• Capacity 4.8GtCO2

– 4.6 GtCO2 onshore

– 0.2 GtCO2 offshore

• Up to 7.0 BBO additional oil recovery

EOR


• Capacity 5.2 GtCO2

storage potential

– 4.3 GtCO2 onshore

– 0.9 GtCO2 offshore

• 10% of OCIP for storage

• Examined 69 onshore coal-bearing regions

• 12.1GtCO2 capacity

• 1.6 Tm3 additional coal bed methane recovery

Depleted Gas Reservoirs ECBM (600-1500m)

(Source: Li et al, 2007)

Criterion Classes weight

1st order 2nd order Killer

criterion

1 2 3 4 5

Size of

structure

element

(divided by

faults)

<500 km2 <1000

km2

Small

<5,000

km2

Medium

<10,000 km2

Large

<50,000

km2

Giant

>50,000 km2

0.01

Maximum

depth

<1000m Shallow

(<1,500 m)

Intermediate

(1,500 –3,000

m)

Deep

(>3,000 m)

0.03

Average

permeability

of storage

formation

<1mD 1- 10mD 10-50mD 50-100mD 100-500mD >1000mD 0.1

(total,

effective)

porosity

<5% 5-10% 10~15% 15~20% 20~25% >25% 0.02

Fluid

pressure

pressure

ratio (> 1.2)

pressure ratio

(1.0-1.2)

pressure

ratio (<1.0)

0.01

Injection

thickness

<10m 10-20m 20-50m 50-100m 100-300m >300m 0.08

Reservoir

failure

(pressure

build-up)

Pluvial and

Alluvial

facies

Fluvial

facies

Lacustrine

and paludal

facies

0.02

Primary seal

formation

— — — 0.01

sto

rage

ca

pa

cit

y a

nd

in

jecti

vit

y (

ma

jor

eco

no

mic

fa

cto

rs)

Geothermal Warm basin

(>40? /km)

Moderate

(20-40? /km)

Cold basin

(<20? /km)

0.05

Geology Extensively

faulted and

fractured

Moderately

faulted and

fractured

Limited

faulting

0.02

Active faults <10km 10-20km 20-40km >40km 0.06

In-situ stress

zone

extension

zone

Strike-slip

zone

compression

zone

0.01

Hydrocarbon

potential

none small medium large Giant 0.02

distance from

hydrocarbon

fields

>40km 20-40km <20km 0.04

Hydrocarbon

maturity

Unexplored Exploration Developing Mature Over mature 0

Sedimentary

facies

Pluvial and

Alluvial

Fluvial Lacustrine

and paludal

0.03

Primary seal

formation

seal by

different

lithology

regional seal

formation

Basin scale

seal formatin

0.03

Ris

k m

inim

iza

tio

n

Buffer

formations

Pluvial and

Alluvial

Fluvial Lacustrine 0.01

Methodology for site

screening

Ranking of potential storage sites

Source: RT Dahowskia, X Li et al., A Preliminary Cost Curve Assessment of Carbon Dioxide Capture and Storage Potential in China

, Energy Procedia 00 (2008) 2849-2856.

Large Industrial CO2 Point Sources & Distribution

Power

(74% of

Emissions)

Cement

13%

Iron&Steel

7%

Hydrogen

0%

Ethylene

1%Ammonia

3%Refineries

2%

0

200

400

600

800

1,000

1,200

1,400

East North Northeast Northwest South Central Southwest

Refinery Power Iron & Steel HydrogenEthylene Oxide Ethylene Cement Ammonia

Power, Cement and Iron & Steel

The East, North and South Central

POLICY, R&D, DEMO, AND INTERNATIONAL COOPERATION

2 CCUS activities:

2.1 Policies/actions by State Council

• National Medium and Long-term Outline for S&T

Development (2006-2020),2006

• National Action Plan on Climate Change, 2007

• National 12th 5-year Plan on Energy Development,2011

• National 12th 5-year Work-plan on GHG Control,2012

• National Medium and Long-term Plan for Major S&T

Infrastructure Construction (2012-2030), 2013

Development of CCUS technologies are included

in all above State Council documents

Policies/actions by NDRC

• Recommendations on Promoting CCUS Pilot

and Demonstration

Policies/actions by MOST

• China’s S&T Special Action on climate change, 2007

• S&T roadmap of China’s CCUS development

by MOST/ACCA21, 2011

• National 12th 5-year Scientific and Technological Plan on

Climate Change, 2012

• 12th 5-year Special Plan for CCUS technology

development, 2013

• National Special Assessment Report on CO2 Utilization

Technologies, 2013

Policies/actions by MLR

• National preliminary survey on CO2 onshore storage

capacity

• Research and development of methodology and criteria

selecting CO2 storage sites

Policies/actions by MEP

• Research and development of special EIA requirement

on CCUS

• Research and development of guideline on monitoring

of CCUS project

Policies are getting into details gradually

General statement “to develop CO2 near zero emission

technology”

Detailed development measure

Targets, actions in capture, storage,

utilization and storage, full-chain

demo, etc

Basic Research

Tech. Development

Pilot/ Demo

Financial Price, tax

Investment Monitoring Storage Site

Safety and Risks

State Council

NDRC +NEA

MOST

MLR

MEP

MOF

BUT, More enabling policies needed

2.2 Basic Science by NNSF

Project Title Duration

Basic research on properties of porous medium dense supercritical CO2, water, and oil transportation 2008-2011

Study of influence factors and mechanisms of CO2 diffusion law in porous media 2009-2011

Solid-gas effect relationship of carbon dioxide sequestration in deep coal bed and sequestration experimental simulation

2010-2012

Coupled binary gas-solid interaction and dual porosity effect research during carbon dioxide sequestration in deep coal bed

2011-2013

Study of migration rules and increase permeability mechanism of supercritical CO2 injection in low permeability coal seam

2011-2013

Fundamental study of supercritical carbon dioxide applications in unconventional reservoirs 2011-2014

Research of fluid-solid-heat coupling action mechanism of carbon dioxide enhanced coalbed methane 2012-2014

Study of N2/CO2 mixed-gas enhanced coalbed methane mechanism and the best ratio of gas component under stratigraphic constraints

2012-2014

QSAR research on thermodynamic properties and transport properties of CO2 flooding system 2012-2014

Study on reservoir damage mechanism caused by CO2 flooding 2012-2015

Study of interactions between supercritical CO2 and coal and their impacts on carbon sequestration based on CO2 sequestration in deep coal seams

2012-2015

Study of shale mass interaction mechanism based on shale gas reservoir of CO2 sequestration 2013-2015

2.2 R&D by MOST

Project Title Funding by Duration Type of projects

The Project of CCS–EOR, Utilization and Storage

973

2006-2010 Basic Research

Program of CO2 Capture and Storage technology

863 2008-2010

Technology R&D The Key Tech Research Program on CCS-EOR and Storage

863 2009-2011

The Key Tech Research Program on CO2-Algae-Biodiesel

863 2009-2011

CO2- Safety Mining with CO2 Gas Reservoirs and CO2 Utilization Tech

National Major Special Project

2008-2010

R& D Demonstration Project of Mining and Utilization Tech of Volcanic gas containing CO2 in Songliao Basin

National Major Special Project

2008-2010

• R&D Activities in the 11th FYP by MOST

2.2 R&D by MOST

• R&D Activities in the 12th FYP by MOST

Name of Projects Funding by Duration Type of projects

Demonstration Project of CO2 capture and geological storage in Coal Liquification Plant, China Shenhua Group

National Key Technology R&D Programme

2011-2014

Technology R&D

The Key Tech Research Project of CO2 Emission Reducing on Iron-Steel Sector


2011-2014

Technology R&D

Research and Demostration Program of IGCC +CO2 Caputure, Utilization and Storage


2011-2013

CO2 Storage Capacity Assessment and Demonstration in China

China Geological Survey 2011-2014

The Program of CCS –EOR, Utilization and Storage

973 2011-2015 Basic Research

Trends of Paper & Patent on CCUS (1995-2012)

SCI & EI Papers Domestic Patents

2.3 Enterprise Pilot and Demo

Project Title Scale Capture Tech Storage/

Utilization Status

The pilot project of CO2 Capture, Huaneng Beijing Gaobeidian Thermal Power Plant

Capture Capacity:3,000 T/Y Post-Combustion

Food Use Operated in 2008

Demonstration Project of CO2 capture and storage in Coal Liquification Plant, China Shenhua Group

Capture Capacity:100,000 T/Y Storage Capacity: 100,000 T/Y

Coal liquefaction

Saline Aquifer operated in 2011

Demonstration Project of CO2 capture, Storage and Utilization in IGCC Plant Greengen of Huaneng

Capture Capacity:60,000-- 100,000 T/Year

Pre-Combustion

EOR Launched in 2011

Small Scale Demonstration Project on CO2 Capture and EOR in Shengli Oil Field, Sinopec

Capture/Utilization:40,000T/Y Post-Combustion

EOR Operated in 2010

Demonstration Project of CO2 capture, Shanghai Shidongkou Power Plant, Huaneng


Food/ Industrial

Operated since 2010

Demonstration project of Carbon Capture, Shuanghuai Power Plant, China Power Investment


Food/ Manufacture

Operated in 2010

Pilot Plant of CO2 capture in Lianyungang City, CAS Capture Capacity:30,000 T/Y Pre-Combustio

N/A Operated in 2011

Shuanghuai Power Plant, China

Power Investment Capture Capacity:10,000 T/Y

Food/Manufacture

Operated in 2010

Huaneng Beijing Gaobeidian

Thermal Power Plant Capture Capacity:3,000 T/Y

Food Use

Operated in 2008

Shanghai Shidongkou Power

Plant, Huaneng Capture Capacity:120,000 T/Y

Food/Manufacture

Operated in 2010

Shengli Oil Field, Sinopec Capture/Utilization:40,000T/Y

EOR

Operated in 2010

Post-combustion Pilot & Demo

Huneng Green-gen IGCC CCS Pilot Capture Capacity:60,000-100,000 T/Y

CCS-EOR

Launched in 2012

Pilot Plant of CO2 capture in Lianyungang City, CAS Capture Capacity:3,000 T/Y

Food Use

Operated in 2008

Post-combustion Pilot & Demo

35 Mwt Oxy-Fuel Industrial Demonstration Project in HuaZhong University of

Science and Technology

Capture Capacity:50,000-100,000 T/Y

Goal: To set up an industrial demonstration plant of carbon capture with oxy-

fuel combustion

Location: Yingcheng city, Hubei Province

Oxy-fuel Pilot

Full-chain CCS Demonstration

Shenhua Group’s 100,000 t/a CCS

Demonstration Project

• Goal: To build an integrated CCS

demonstration project

• Technologies: CO2 chemical source

capture + saline aquifer storage

• Capture Capacity: 100,000 tonnes per

year

• Injection scale: 100,000 tonnes per

year, accumulated 300,000 tonnes

• Injection life: Jan 2011 to Jun 2014

Under construction: Shengli Oil Field

CO2-EOR, 1Mt CO2/year, SINOPEC

Petrochina’s CO2 EOR

research and demonstration

project in the Jilin oil field

China United Coalbed

Methane’s ECBM project

ENN group’s microalgae bio-

energy and carbon

sequestration demonstration

project

Jinlong-CAS CO2 utilization in

chemical production

CO2 Utilization Pilots

2.4 International Collaboration

Project Partner Duration

China-Australia Geological Storage of CO2 (CAGS) RET, GA 2012-2014

China-EU NZEC Cooperation UK, EU, Norway 2007-2009

China-EU Carbon Capture and Storage Cooperation（COACH） EU 2007-2009

Sino-Italy CCS Technology Cooperation Project(SICCS) ENEL 2010-2012

China-US Clean energy Research Center MOST, NEA, DOE 2010-2015

CSLF Capacity Building Projects CSLF 2012-

MOST-IEA Cooperation on CCUS IEA 2012-

China-ADB Cooperation on CCUS ADB 2008-

The project timeframe is 2009-2011 with the main

activities including scientific studies, capacity building,

professional and student exchanges, and study tours.

Under the support of ―China and Australia clean coal

Joint working group‖, the phase 2 cooperation of

GAGS will be conducted to continue scientific research

and capacity building activities

China-Australia Geological Storage of

CO2 (CAGS)

As an important project of international cooperation in the field

of CCS that China participates in, the launching and

implementation of the COACH project plays a positive role

in promoting China’s research capacity on CCS.

Project Objectives:

The project aims to strengthen the close cooperation

between China and EU in the field of CCS, in order to

address the growing problems of energy shortage and

greenhouse gas emissions.

China-EU COACH Project

The project has a duration of three years between

2006-2009, and has been concluded by October,

2009.

The UK-China NZEC project is an important part of the China-EU NZEC Phase I

cooperation, with key objectives as follows:

Enable knowledge transfer and sharing;

Model the future energy requirements of China, taking CCS into account;

Case studies of potential CO2 capture technologies;

Build capacity in China for the evaluation of storage potential for CO2 and

undertake preliminary screening of potential sites suitable for geological storage

of CO2.

Phase I of the UK-China NZEC project lasted for two years (2007-2009), and has

been concluded by October, 2009

China-EU/UK NZEC Project (Phase I)

Nov. 30th, 2009, 12th China-EU summit, Nanjing, MOU signed between

MOST (China) and EC on NZEC Phase II cooperation;

Nov. 2011, agreement was signed for implementation of the NZEC Phase

IIA:

China-EU/Norway NZEC Project (Phase II)

Work aim and contents agreed

6 workpackages including research,

capacity building and Identification of

potential site for feasibility study Coordination and Administrative

Structure setup Joint Steering Committee Meeting—

Decision making PMU (Project management Unit)—

Implementation

China-US Clean Energy Research Center

(CERC)

On 17 Nov, 2009, Wan Gang,

Minister of Science and technology

of China (MOST), Guobao,

Zhang,ex-administrator of National

Energy Administration and Steven,

Chu, secretary of the U.S.

Department of Energy signedan

agreement to start the

establishment of CERC.

The establishement of CERC aims

at promoting the cooperated

research in the field of clean energy

technology between China and US

scientists and engineers.

Clean Coal technology, including

CCS, is one of the first three prior

approved cooperation areas.

Sino-Italy Cooperation on CCS

Technology

Project Objectives: A pre-feasibility study on building a CCS project

in China would be carried out, with a focus on

CO2 capture and transportation from coal-fired

power plants.

Major Contents of the Project: With a focus on personnel/technology

exchanges and joint research, the Sino-Italy

Cooperation on CCS Technology is mainly

composed of the following three parts:

Information exchange and basic research

(WP1)

Pre-feasibility study (WP2)

Initial preparation for the joint feasibility

study (WP3)

Carbon Sequestration Leadership

Forum (CSLF)

China is one of the founding members of the

CSLF, and Ministry of Science and Technology,

on behalf of China, is responsible for organizing,

coordinating and participating in relevant

cooperation activities.

The fourth Ministerial-level meeting had

been successfully held in Beijing 2011.

Under the support of CSLF capacity building

fund, China has carried out CCUS

experience exchange events, policy and

regulatory study, CCUS financing research,

and other capacity building activities.

Cooperation with Interantional Energy

Agency (IEA)

Build on previous and existing technical and policy-related activites the MOST

and IEA jointly agree on a series of activites leading towards a conducive

technology and policy framework for CCUS. The overall framework covers six

potential areas:

1. Potential of CCUS application in major industrial sectors in China and related

capacity building;

2. Potential of CCUS retrofitting of existing power plants;

3. Potential applications of CCUS in high concentrations CO2 emission

industries;

4. Sharing of experience from CCUS demonstration projects;

5. Financing modes for CCUS technology development;

6. Potential assessment of CO2utilization.

Since 2008, ADB has been supporting China’s efforts on

developing CCUS technology through capacity development

projects, studies, and financial assistance.

Asian Development Bank (ADB)

Two China-ADB joint research projects are

launched in 2013:

the assessment of the potential role

of oxy-fuel combustion CO2 capture

developing China‘s roadmap for

demonstration and deployment of CCUS

TARGET, EARLY OPPORTUNITY, FULL CHAIN DEMO AND APPROACH

3 Prospective

System scale: >0.3million tons/a Energy penalty: <25% Cost: 350 RMB/ton

Capture system: 0.3-1 million tons/a Energy penalty: <20% Cost: 210 RMB/ton

Pipeline: >80km Cost: 90 RMB/ton Capacity:0.3million tons/a

Utilization scale: 1 million tons/a Oil-production: 0.3million tons/a Storage percentage: 40-50%

Storage: 0.3million tons/a Cost: 50 RMB/ton

Technically Feasible & economically affordable

System scale: 1 million tons/a Energy penalty: <20% Cost: 300 RMB/ton

Capture system: 1 million tons/a Energy penalty:< 15% Cost :180 RMB/ton

Pipeline:200km Cost:80RMB/ton*million km Capacity:>1million tons/a

Utilization scale:2 million tons/a Oil-production:0.6million tons/a Storage percentage: 50-60%

Storage: 1million tons/a Cost: 40 RMB/ton

System scale: >1 million tons/a Energy penalty: <17% Cost: 240 RMB/ton

Capture system: >1 million tons/a Energy penalty:< 12% Cost : 140 RMB/ton

Pipeline net:>= 1000km Cost: 70 RMB/ton

Utilization scale:>2 million tons/a Oil-production:1million tons/a Storage percentage: 60%

Storage: >1million tons/a Cost: 30 RMB/ton

2015 2020 2030

Launch full-chain demo

Vision and Target

Establish 1 Mt/a full-chain demo

Technical Capacity for applications

EOR and Depleted Oil reservoir Storage Opportunities

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!(

深部咸水层

合成氨

水泥

乙烯

环氧乙烷

制氢厂

钢铁

火电

炼油厂

!( 大型油田

!( 中型油田

!( 小型油田

!( !(!(

!(!(

!(!(

!(!(!(!(!(!(!(!(!(!(!(

!(!(!(!(!(!(!(!(

!(!(!(!(!(!(!( !(!(!(!(!(!(!(

!(!(!(

!(!(!(!(

ECBM Storage Opportunities

合成氨

水泥

乙烯

环氧乙烷

制氢厂

钢铁

火电

炼油厂

煤层

CCUS Technology Roadmap: Full Chain Demo

• The nationwide utilization and storage capacity assessment shall be conducted as soon as possible in order to better understand the CCUS potential in China.

• The first full-chain technology demonstration shall be launched for those high-concentration emission sources (such as coal chemical) due to the low capture cost; coal-fired power plant shall also carry on full-chain technology demonstration timely because their emissions are high in volume with multi-point sources; on the aspect of technological options shall be balanced.

• Considering the maturity of CO2-EOR technology and large potential for on-land saline aquifer storage, the full-chain technology demonstration for CO2-EOR and onshore saline aquifer storage shall be prioritized.


• The demonstrations and scale-up on the integration of CO2-EOR and onshore saline aquifer with multiple capture options shall actively but steadily take forward with an aim to operate demonstration project at 1 million tons/a and above by 2030.

• The research on innovative and cost-effective CO2 utilization technologies shall be enhanced, and initial demonstration can be launched jointly with other integrated systems.

• The full-chain demonstration projects witness more opportunities in Ordos Basin, Songliao Basin, Bohai Bay Basin and the Junggar Basin, while the specific demonstration project shall take the cost, safety, environment and other factors into consideration.


2015 2020 20302010

海底咸水层

陆上咸水层

ECBM /酸气回注

EO R

< 5万吨/年

>100万吨/年

富氧燃烧高浓度排放源

燃烧后捕集燃烧前捕集

5~ 10万吨/年 11~ 30万吨/年

31~ 50万吨/年 51~ 100万吨/年

任一捕集方式

Onshore

Aquifer

formation

Offshore

geological

storage

Acid gas

Post-combustion

Pre-combustion

Any capture

technology

Oxy-fuel

High-Concentration


Current Work

• An Assessment Report on CO2 Utilization Technologies in China is now being prepared, led by ACCA21. – Enhanced Energy Recovery

– Enhanced Resources Recovery

– Chemicals production

– Bio & Agriculture production

– Products from industrial wastes

• To update CCUS Roadmap with new recognition on Utilization technologies.

CONCLUSIONS

4

• CCUS is important to China

– In the long term, an important technical option for CO2 reduction.

– In the short term, utilization could be priority to remove economic barrier, e.g. enhanced exploration of shale gas, geothermal, saline water and liquid mineral, and to understand safety of storage for the future.

– CCUS is a diverse technology cluster. Choosing a priority technology should be different in terms of industry, location and time.

• Besides technology R&D, enabling policies are essential for the take off of CCUS.

• The nature of CCUS technology calls for enhanced International collaboration, in particular knowledge sharing.

www.ccusChina.org.cn

Thanks for your attention!

PENG Sizhen

The Administrative Centre for China’s Agenda 21 (ACCA21), Beijing 100038

[email protected]

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