Gas Processing 12

7/29/2019 Gas Processing 12

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Teknologi Pemrosesan Gas(TKK564)Instructor:Dr.Istadi

(http://tekim.undip.ac.id/staf/istadi )

Emai :ista i@un ip.ac.i


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ns ruc or s ac grouny

BEng.(1995):Universitas Diponegoroy Meng.(2000):Institut Teknologi Bandungy PhD.(2006):Universiti Teknologi Malaysiay Specialization:

y CatalystDesignforEnergyConversiony rocess es gn or nergy onvers on

y CombustionEngineering


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CourseS llabus:

Part

2Course

S llabus:

Part

2

1. Hydrocarbons Recovery (Pengambilan Kembali Hidrokarbon)

2. Nitrogen Rejection/Removal (Penghilangan Nitrogen)

3. Trace Component Removal (Penghilangan Komponenlainnya)

.

(Pemrosesan Cairan Gas Alam dan Penghilangan Sulfur)

5. Gas Transportation and Storage (Transportasi dan

6. Liquified Natural Gas #1 (Gas Alam Cair)

7. Liquified Natural Gas #2 (Gas Alam Cair)

8. Second Assignment

9. Ujian Akhir Semester


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Thischapterdiscusses

Liquidstreamproceedinaglassplan

Condensateprocessing NGLprocessing


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CONDENSATE

PROCESSING


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TwostepsofCondensate

y

Water washing

to remove salt andadditives

yCondensate stabilizationy

and recombined with the gas that leaves theinlet receiver

y u uspecifications to be sold as natural gasolineor slop oil


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y Ideally, the sulfur compounds go with the light gases stripped

in the stabilizer so that the can be removed in as treatin .

yMost of the H2S and CO2 will be removed along with COS,CS2, and mercaptans.

,as a stripping gas.

y

This process can reduce H2S levels to the 10 ppmv range., .

y If the natural gasoline is sour, the plant can either treat it ortake a price penalty and sell the liquid as sour crude.

need for sweetening.

y In many cases, the liquid volumes are low and sweetening at.


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NGLProcesssing


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SweeteningMet o inNGL

y Amine Treating

ost remove on y an . wo am nes, an , w remove

COS, but none remove CS2 and merchaptans. Amine treating is often usedupstream of caustic treaters to minimize caustic consumption caused by

irreversible reactions with CO2.

y Adsorption

Able to remove sulfur compounds down to low levels when no water is

present, which makes it attractive for treating demethanizer bottoms.

y Either promoted alumina, 13X or 5A molecular sieve will remove H2S, COS,

and mercaptans from LPG.

y The larger pore 13X is usually preferred because it has a higher capacity

y Caustic TreatingRegenerative = sodium hydroxide.

Nonregenerative = ZnO, KOH


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Regenerat vecaust cwas an


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Chemistr

involved

in

Washin

yAir is added to the rich caustic, with a catalyst tooxidize the mercaptan to a disulfide:


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Deh dration

Process

in

NGLy Adsorption Processes

y

Desiccant Dehydrationy Gas Stripping

y Distillation

y

Absorption


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y Currently only two methods are available for dealing

with large quantities of H2S:

1. Disposal of the gas by injection into underground

formations

. ,

elemental sulfur


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PropertiesofSulfur


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SULFUR

RECOVERY

PROCESSES

1. Claus Process

step in a furnace. The combustion

catalytic converters, each of which

elemental sulfur.


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y Basic Process

H2S + 3/2 O2 H2O + SO2

2 H2S + SO2 2 H2O + (3/x) Sx

e rs reac on s a g y exo erm c com us onreaction, whereas the second is a more weakly exothermic

reaction promoted by a catalyst to reachequilibrium.

y Kohl and Nielsen (1997) point out that at a sulfur partial

pressure o 0.7 ps a 0.05 ar an temperatures e ow700F (370C), the vapor is mostly S6 and S8, but at thesame partial pressure and temperatures over approximately1,000F (540C), S2 predominates.


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2.CLAUSTAILGASCLEANUP

Before sulfur emissions restrictions were

,

flared to convert the remaining H2S to SO2.,

sulfur recovery than can be achieved with a

standard Claus unit, and additional treating of theClaus tail gas is needed. The tail gas cleanup

entails either an add-on at the end of the Claus

un or a mo ca on o e aus un se .


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y three categories for final sulfur removal

(Kohl and Nielsen, 1997):

Sub-dew point Claus processes

re uc on an recovery o


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Catalytic Reaction :

2H2S + O2

2S + 2H2OThe selective oxidation catalyst in the third reactor

oes no promo e e reac on

2H2S + 3O2 2SO2 + 2H2O

or e reverse reac on o su ur w

3S + 2H2O 2H2S + SO2

=


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SO2

reduction

and

recover

of

H2S


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SulfurStorage

y Sulfur from the Claus unit is withdrawn as a liquid and isgenerally stored and transported in the molten state.

y storage, including release of H2S dissolved in the moltensulfur and the possibility of sulfur fires, which will producehighly toxic SO2.y Sulfur fires. Uncommon, but they can produce large amounts of

SO2.

y H2S. Any H2S dissolved in the molten sulfur from the condensersma be a si nificant hazard if a ro riate de assin techni uesare not used.

y Corrosion. A wet sulfidic atmosphere can lead to severe corrosionof carbon steel.

.the presence of water.

y Static discharge. Because of the excellent insulating properties ofmolten sulphur, static discharge may occur under certaincon ons an ea o poss e res or exp os ons.


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Gas Processing 12

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